Authors report results of light and electron microscopic studies of dermal symptoms of 8 patients with non-diabetic lipoid necrobiosis. In all cases microangiopathy in skin, characterized by thickening of basal lamina and its becoming multilayered, and by narrowing of lumen of veins. Histological picture of dermal symptoms showed tuberculoid structure, which is characteristic of symptoms of non-diabetic necrobiosis. Orgastoplasmatic corpuscles found in plasma cells are conditioned upon atypical immune globulin synthesis.
7 gastrinomes and 1 gastrin-producer complex carcinoma-carcinoid tumor were examined by light and electron microscopical-method and by immunohistochemical method. In six cases, the tumor was in the pancreas or in the wall of duodenum; in two cases its localisation was of extra-gastroenteropancreatic (liver, lymph node). All patients developed Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, three patients bled and one had diarrhea. One patient had other tumors, besides gastrinome, which were characteristic of MEN-I syndrome. By immunohistochemical methods all tumors proved to be gastrin and neuron-specific-enolase positive. In four cases somatostatin positivity, in some cases glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, S-100 protein, keratin and carcinoembryonal antigen positivity were detected. Relation could not be detected between other polypeptide hormones, produced besides gastrin, and biological behaviour of tumor and clinical symptoms.
The crime of charlatanism can be committed only by individuals having not qualified as physician, who perform regular healing activity or accept any kind of compensation for such activity. Health workers with secondary qualification and those who graduated from colleges of medicine also commit charlatanism if their healing activity is out of their professional competence. When a physician performs unprofessional activity breaking the rules of his profession, which is colloquially interpreted as charlatanism, the term "malpractice" is used. Charlatanism may directly endanger the patient in case the drug used is deleterious or the applied procedure causes damage. The indirect danger manifesting itself in the lack of setting the diagnosis and starting the necessary treatment is much more significant. Quite a few of the drugs applied in folk medicine and alternative medicine are undoubtedly useful and advantageous, they may well complement scientifically-based medication. Occasionally the improvement achieved in this way is objective and measurable, however, in cases it is subjective. In more than one cases the psycho-therapeutical effect is amazingly significant. Subjective improvement is of great importance from the patient's point of view. "Official" medicine should never ignore the psycho-therapeutical effect. No negative preconception should be expressed about unknown new possibilities in advance, only checked experiments and scientific disputes my lead to taking objective stand-points. Any individual is in the right of doing scientific research, including making and discovering new medicaments. However, no-one is in the right of applying and selling drugs to patients by neglecting the national practice of medicament registration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Authors survey the cyto-biological effect of extra-renal renin-angiotensin system on the basis of literature data and of their own previous results. It is established that renin and angiotensins in extra-renal localisation take part mainly in inflammatory process. In this respect, one of the important target cell group of angiotensin system is the certain elements of mononuclear phagocyte system, on which angiotensin II has cytokine-like effect. Renin-angiotensins detected by authors in non-activated alveolar mono-phages and monocytes raise the possibility, that these cells also have independent, intra-cellular regulating renin-angiotensin.
Authors elaborated 35 surgically removed tumors of liver by morphological and biochemical methods. From tumors 5 proved to be hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), 12 to focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and 18 to hepatocellular cancer (HCC). On the basis of enzyme histochemical and biochemical examinations, HCA is characterised by "normal" enzyme pattern. By the above method, FNH can be divided into two groups, characterized with "normal" and "abnormal" (tumor-like) enzyme change, while HCC proved to be very heterogeneous. Majority of HCA and FNH cases, according to data gained by flow cytometer, were of diploid DNA content. In majority of HCC cases, DNA diploid was aneuploid, but in three cases normal DNA content was observed. The above mentioned examination revealed several different characteristics of human hepatic tumors, compared to experimentally created tumors of liver.
Interaction of monocytes and endothelial cells were examined by acridine orange reaction in arteries of normotensive and hypertonic rats. The method is suitable for electron microscope study of DNA template activity. Activity of gen was compared in surface bound and subendothelial and in nonadhesive endothelial cells bound to monocyte. Acridine orange positivity, indicative of genic activity, was not found in few monocytes adhered in arteries of normotensive animals, while 62% of adhesive monocytes of hypertonic and 86% of ones accessed to endothelial space contained the products of acridine-orange-chromatin reaction in its nuclear, showing with it the gene derepression quickly ensuing in acute hypertensive vascular lesions. Only 2% of endothelial cells of pseudo-operated normotensive animals showed acridine orange positivity, while 17% of endothelial cells of hypertonic animals were positive. In the latter animals, 57% of endothelial cells showed acridine orange positivity, if monocytes adhered to their surface. In 84% of monocyte-endothelial pairs connected to each other, the nuclei have activity of same sign. Results show intensive activation of genes of monocytes in relation with adhesion and migration to vascular wall. Presumably, both hypertonia and monocyte adhesion have contributed to the increase of template activity of endothelial cells.
In connection with a boy's case, receiving treatment in their institute several times, authors sum up our knowledge on infantile relapsing digital fibromatosis, first time in Hungary. Results of histological and electronmicroscopic examination are reported compared to results of foreign authors' studies of similar subject.
The use of lectins in histochemical research substantially contributed to the knowledge on carbohydrates. This paper is a preliminary report of findings with lectin histochemistry on normal and pathological bone tissue.
Case of ceruminal adenocarcinoma is reported. Tumor was diagnosed in advance stage, and within a month following diagnosis it caused death. Tumor started from right auditory canal, undermined the pyramidal bone and infiltrated great part of right side of base of skull, narrowing great foramen to a certain extent. Metastasizes were only the right of dura. Besides electron microscopic studies, authors performed the immune-histochemical and lectin-histochemical examination of tumor the first time.
Authors describe pseudosarcoma, a rare esophageal tumour in a 52-year-old male patient. The tumour of complex histological appearance has characteristic macroscopic, microscopic and clinical features. Although its histogenesis is unclear, it can be well distinguished from the real carcinosarcoma and represents an independent class of tumours.
Authors studied concordance of clinical and pathological diagnosis and significance of history taking, of physical, radiological, laboratory and morphological examinations and of their evaluation in development of diagnostic differences in 4041 autopsy cases, with international methods. Possibilities of use of method in clinico-pathological work are presented.
Authors removed dextro-ovary of a patient having 7-9th week of gestation for ovarian cyst during abortion. Preoperative cervical dilation was performed by Enzaprost-F cervical tablet containing 20 mg PGF2 agent. Before and 2, 4 and 6 hours after treatment, serum-progesterone and 17-beta-estradiol level was determined. Drug cervical dilation enabled instrumental termination of pregnancy within 4 hours. Histological finding of yellow body showed initial signs of colloid-cystic degeneration, which was followed by minimal decrease of values of serum-steroid concentrations. Authors presume that change in histological picture of yellow body was caused by effect of cervical tablet containing PGF2 agent.
Cytological smears from gastric biopsies were studied by two types of TAS. Böcking's algorithm and a great number of form factors were used to separate the intact cells from the tumourous ones. The numerically expressed density features and morphometric parameters are able to indicate the possibility of malignant transformation even in dysplasia. These values become much higher in tumours and lead to unequivocal diagnosis. Both types of TAS render valuable help in assessing cases not reliably diagnosed by routine staining procedures.
The resorption, distribution and elimination of ethanol vary individually. The differences in the resorption deficit and elimination coefficient can be of great extent. Though the generally accepted average of resorption deficit is 20%, which is calculated with in forensic practice, this value can occasionally be a lot higher. The elimination coefficient (beta value) depends on the blood alcohol level. Beta value was found higher than 0.15%o/h, the generally accepted one, even below 1.5% blood alcohol content, above 2.5% the beta value was found to be as high as 0.33%o h. This faster rate of ethanol clearance is due to induction of alcohol elimination systems. The ethanol metabolism at higher blood alcohol levels is characterized by Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
The last fifteen years have provided a significant development in pathomorphological diagnosis of malignant lymphomas (ml), in clinical fellow-up of patients and in its therapy. Diagnosis is built on functional morphological basis (immunohistology). New methods have reslited in identification of new types of mls. On the basis of high number of cases registered in Lymphoma Reference Centre, specific organic distribution new entities can be determined. Perifollicular B-cellular mls of MALT type are frequent in gastrointestinal tract and are rare in Waldeyer ring and in lymph nodes. Flow cytometric determination of DNA content of cells proved to be very useful in diagnostics of mls, so the probably determination of aneuploid and proliferative activity, respectively. These parameters are of prognostic significance. Recirculation of lymphocytes may play a role in dissemination os nHmls. It can be studied in immunomorphological (in vitro) test ased on the interaction (adherence) of lymphocytes and of endothelial cells of high endothelial postcapillary venule. Our observations present that B-cellular CLL and clonal cells of plasma cellular leukemia show endothelial adherence, while multiple cells of myeloma do not.
Author describes her experiences gained by light microscopic, immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic studies of 11 cardiac myxomas. New data on debated histogenesis of myxomas were tried to be gained by her studies. A part of myxoma cells was poor in organelles ultrastructurally, mostly settled by one, in the other part more organelles and intra-cytoplasmatic filaments could be detected, majority of them was of process. Glandular structures, showing mucous production, were in a tumor. Majority of tumor cells showed vimentin immunoreactive by immunohistochemical studies. In addition, lysozyme immunoreactive cells could also be observed; 8th factor associated antigen, however, could be detected in glandular structures. On basis of studies, the assumption seems to be probably, according to which the cardiac myxomas originate from embryonal cells, capable to endodermal and mesodermal cytogenesis.
Author evaluates cardiac and pulmonary changes developed by environmental pollution, from the point of view of forensic expert. The myocardium and parenchyma are the target organs of multicasual damages. Attention is called to the role of forensic expert in prevention of environmental damages and in the evaluation of the effects.
Authors give a brief view on the activity in Institute of Pathology and Histopathology of Post-graduate University of Medicine. In its frame, close relation of diagnostic, post-graduate education and research activity is illustrated by examples of different fields (intestinal, cardiac, vascular system, respiratory tract, organ of locomotion, urological diseases, electronmicroscopic tumor diagnostics, endocrinology). Importance of modern morphological methods and their place both in practical and scientific activity are dealt with.
Authors examined cells participating in intimaproliferation in transplantation arteriopathy ultrastructurally in needle and wedge biopsy material from 40 transplanted kidneys, and immunohistochemically in 10 cases. In early biopsies--even in two control kidneys--it could be observed that the smooth muscle cells of media are in direct contact with endothel cells by their small processes. Processes can fulfil a receptor function and can transmit endothel noxa to smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells of media react to endothel damage caused by rejection with migration to intima and during this period they are transformed to myofibroblasts (myointimal cells). In the mean time inflammatory cells (mainly macrophages, helper and cytotoxic cells in lower number) from the lumen infiltrate the intima, and mediators, enzymes released from them can inspire smooth muscle cells to further proliferation, migration to intima and transformation to myofibroblast. To effect of mediators (gamma interferon) released from inflammatory cells, the myointimal cells during rejection will press out 2nd class transplantation antigens (HLA-DR), and as vicious circle it further aggravates immune reply to graft, causing vascular damage, intimaproliferation.
