Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern, often managed through haemodialysis, a lifesaving procedure frequently accompanied by painful muscle cramps that impair quality of life. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), a simple non-pharmacological intervention, may relieve such symptoms, yet its application in CKD care remains underexplored. This quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was conducted among 60 CKD patients receiving haemodialysis at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. Participants were equally assigned to experimental and control groups. PMR sessions, guided by the investigator, were administered three times weekly for four weeks. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma, Modified Muscle Cramps Questionnaire, and WHOQOL-BREF scale. Preand post-intervention assessments were completed after four weeks, and data were analysed using paired and independent t-tests. During pre-intervention, 67 percent of participants in both groups experienced severe cramps. Post-intervention, severe cramps declined to 27 percent in the experimental group, while 70 percent persisted in the control group. The experimental group’s Quality of Life (QoL) scores improved significantly (pre = 65.4 ± 22.1, post = 114.4 ± 3.9; t = 11.89, p < 0.0001). Between-group comparisons revealed a mean difference of 61.8 (t = 31.78, p < 0.0001), confirming PMR’s positive impact. PMR effectively reduced muscle cramps and enhanced QoL among CKD patients, aligning with previous findings. PMR is a feasible, nurse-led, low-cost intervention that significantly enhances physical comfort and well-being among haemodialysis patients. Integration of PMR into routine dialysis care is recommended to improve holistic outcomes.
Workplace stress is a growing occupational health concern, adversely affecting mental well-being, productivity, and organisational outcomes. Evidence from Indian professional populations remains limited, particularly at the regional level. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 professionals working in various organisations in Pune (Maharashtra) between September and October 2024. Participants were selected using convenience sampling. Workplace stress was assessed using the standardised Workplace Stress Scale (American Institute of Stress). Data were analysed using SPSS version 18. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were applied. The results showed that mean workplace stress score was 23.4 ± 7.73, indicating a moderate stress level. Overall, 45.8 percent of participants reported moderate stress, 32.3 percent mild stress, and 21.9 percent severe stress. Significant associations were observed between stress levels and age, gender, profession, years of service, and working hours (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that professionals working >10 hours/day (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.52–3.81) and healthcare professionals (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.26–3.12) had significantly higher odds of moderate-to-severe stress. To conclude, workplace stress is highly prevalent among professionals in Pune, particularly among healthcare workers and those with longer working hours. Organisational interventions focusing on workload management, mental health support, and policy reforms are urgently required.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in critical care settings is rapidly transforming healthcare delivery. As of 2025, AI adoption in Indian healthcare has reached approximately 47 percent in tertiary care centres. A descriptive crosssectional study was conducted among 300 staff nurses working in critical care units at Batra Hospital New Delhi to assess nurses’ knowledge and perception regarding AI applications in critical care. Data was collected using a structured 3-part questionnaire containing demographic profile, knowledge assessment, and perception assessment regarding AI applications in critical care settings. Analysis revealed 58 percent of participants having inadequate knowledge regarding AI applications in critical care, 32 percent moderate knowledge, and only 10 percent displayed a comprehensive understanding. Mean knowledge score was 14.3±3.8 out of 25 points. Significant associations were found between knowledge scores and demographic variables like education level (p<0.01) and previous AI training (p<0.001). Perception assessment demonstrated 65 percent of nurses held positive attitudes regarding potential benefits of AI in improving patient outcomes and efficiency, while 48 percent expressed concerns about reduced human touch in care, and 53 percent worried about job security. Staff nurses with higher knowledge scores generally demonstrated more positive perceptions towards AI integration (r=0.62, p<0.05). This study identifies significant gaps in knowledge and mixed perceptions regarding AI applications among critical care nurses, despite the growing AI prevalence in Indian healthcare settings. With 58 percent participants demonstrating inadequate knowledge in a region where AI implementation in critical care has reached 62 percent, there is an urgent need for structured educational interventions and training programmes to enhance nurses' understanding of AI technologies. Addressing the concerns of the 53 percent nurses worried about job security and the 48 percent concerned about reduced human touch could potentially improve acceptance and effective integration of AI technologies in critical care environments.
Cybercrime awareness refers to understanding the risks associated with illegal online activities and knowing how to protect oneself and one’s personal information from such threats. This study aimed to assess the level of cybercrime awareness among students and to compare awareness between disciplines. A quantitative research approach with a comparative survey design was adopted. A total of 323 students were selected using simple random sampling, while colleges were chosen through convenient sampling. The key variable studied was cybercrime awareness, and demographic variables included age, gender, course, year of study, religion, type of family, monthly family income, socioeconomic status, parental education and occupation, and details regarding gadgets and their usage. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed no statistically significant difference in cybercrime awareness scores among students of different disciplines; however, the year of study was significantly associated with awareness (p = 0.001). The study underscores the need for targeted educational initiatives to enhance cyber safety knowledge, particularly among students at earlier stages of their academic programmes.
Antisocial behaviour (ASB) among young people is a growing concern that affects both individual development and community well-being. Inadequate understanding or inappropriate interventions can increase the risk of such problems throughout in developmental stage. This study sought to gauge the knowledge alongside practices concerning antisocial behaviour among students aged 15-19 years in a selected school in Imphal (Manipur), and to examine the associations with demographic variables. A descriptive quantitative research study was done with 100 students picked through purposive sampling. Students filled out a self-structured questionnaire about demographic variables, knowledge, and practices, which was measured to have a good reliability (Guttman Split-Half coefficient = 0.772). Data was collected utilising a structured questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, and practices, and analysed with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation.
Traditional nursing education often struggles to adequately prepare students for the dynamic, complex, and unpredictable situations of clinical practice. Branching path simulation approach is designed to bridge this gap to extend beyond linear and predictable scenarios by presenting students with multiple decision options, each leading to a unique sequence of events and outcomes. This method fosters clinical reasoning, critical thinking, and decision-making skills, allowing students to experience the direct consequences of their choices in a virtual, safe environment. It also promotes a deep understanding of patient intricacies, ethical considerations, and interprofessional collaboration. This will help the students in accessing technologies that will help in real time and decision making in critical situations.
NANDA International Taxonomy II has been identified as the standardised nursing terminology. Patient’s overall needs can be well addressed with the help of NANDA-I nursing diagnosis, which is followed worldwide. With this view, the study was conducted with the purpose of identifying patients’ needs based on NANDA-I Taxonomy II among patients admitted in ICUs and to find out the correlation between patients’ needs in two different setups of ICUs. In this study, a cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted, and 114 ICU patients admitted in the Critical Care Unit of Critical Care Medicine in a tertiary care hospital were selected by a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-structured Five-point Likert Scale based on 13 domains of selected classes in NANDA-I, Taxonomy II, along with demographic data. Result showed that patients are identified with moderate needs in domains of Health Promotion Nutrition, Elimination and Exchange, Activity and Rest, Perception/Recognition, Self-perception, Roles and Relationships, Coping/Stress Tolerance and Life principles; and more needs in domains of Safety/Protection in one of the ICU setups. Findings show significant correlations in both departments in the domains of Health promotion (p=0.025), Nutrition (p=0.001), Safety/Protection (p=0.000), and Comfort (p=0.000). Many studies have supported the findings of this research, indicating that most patients in the ICU have more identified needs that should not be overlooked in selected classes of domains of Health Promotion, Nutrition, Elimination and Exchange, Activity and Rest, Perception/Recognition, Self-perception, Roles and Relationships, Coping/Stress Tolerance and Life principles, and more needs in Domain Safety/Protection. This study recommends that NANDA I Taxonomy II should be used efficiently in ICUs by nursing staff so that individualised nursing care can be planned, considering the patient as a complete human being, not focusing only on biological aspects.
Patient safety is a fundamental element of health care. Medication errors weaken patients' trust and confidence in medical services, increase hospitalisation costs, and eventually reflect in national health parameters. Reporting such events develops a robust medication management system and cultivates a safe and secure environment for patients. This study was undertaken to report the incidence of medication errors in an indoor hospital setting, their types, and root causes, after ethical clearance, so that further prevention and control strategies can be planned. Prospective data collection was done by the principal investigator as per the structured data collection form, which included types of error, their effect on the patient, possible causes and prevention strategies implemented. A total of 110 medication error events were reported. The most frequent error was the overwriting of the drug chart. Contributing factors included failure to adhere to SOP (standard operating procedure) and peak duty hours. Most errors did not cause any potential harm to the patient, except one. Training and education were provided as prevention strategies. The study highlights that medication errors are preventable events often linked to systemic issues rather than individual negligence. Strengthening reporting mechanisms, promoting a nonpunitive culture, and implementing targetted interventions such as staff training and electronic prescribing can significantly enhance medication safety.
Transition to nursing college poses significant academic, social, and emotional challenges for first-year students. Understanding their level of adjustment and coping strategies is essential for planning student-support interventions. To assess the level of adjustment and coping strategies among 1st year BSc Nursing students and to explore their lived experiences of adjustment, this study adopted sequential explanatory mixed-method design. In the quantitative phase, a descriptive correlational design was used among 60 1st year BSc Nursing students using a modified Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) and a structured Coping Strategies Scale. In the qualitative phase, a descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted with in-depth interviews of nine purposively selected students until data saturation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative data using Colaizzi’s thematic analysis. Most students demonstrated high levels of academic (86.7%), social (85%), personal-emotional (76.7%), and institutional adjustment (81.7%). Coping was predominantly adequate (63.3%), with a preference for emotion-focused and spiritual coping. A weak positive correlation was found between adjustment and coping (r = 0.328, p = 0.010). Qualitative findings revealed five themes: adjustment challenges, emotional struggles, coping strategies, social & emotional support needs, and positive adaptation. Although academic and institutional adjustment was satisfactory, students experienced notable personalemotional difficulties. Adaptive coping and peer support facilitated adjustment. 1styear nursing students require structured emotional and social support in addition to academic guidance. Mentoring and counselling services are essential to enhance holistic adjustment.
Integrated antenatal care aims to enhance childbirth experiences and outcomes by providing comprehensive support during pregnancy. This quantitative, quasiexperimental design study was conducted in selected hospitals and antenatal centres of Nadiad (Gujarat) to assess the effect of integrated antenatal care on maternal and neonatal outcomes, and to examine its associations with selected demographic variables. Sixty antenatal mothers were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling and divided into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group received integrated antenatal care sessions until delivery, while the control group received routine antenatal care. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and assessment tools including APGAR scoring, covering demographic details, obstetric history, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Mothers who received integrated antenatal care demonstrated improved outcomes, including shorter hospital stays (2.80 ± 0.66 vs 3.27 ± 0.98 days, p = 0.035) and higher five-minute APGAR scores in new-borns (8.37 ± 1.35 vs 7.67 ± 1.03, p = 0.028). No significant differences were observed in total labour duration, gestational age, newborn weight, or one-minute APGAR scores. Maternal factors such as BMI, haemoglobin level, and parity were significantly associated with labour outcomes, while higher birth weight was associated with better neonatal APGAR scores. Integrated antenatal care improves maternal recovery and neonatal outcomes, supporting safer deliveries and emphasising the importance of a holistic antenatal care approach.
Adequate sleep and stress management are vital for nurses to maintain decisionmaking, alertness, and patient care safety. Workload, shift duties, and limited support contribute to stress and poor sleep, which may increase risk of errors, burnout, and reduced job satisfaction. This descriptive study assessed sleep quality and perceived stress among 85 Nursing Officers working in critical care units of a Govt Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, using standardised questionnaires (PSQI and PSS10). Results revealed that 65.1 percent of participants had poor sleep quality, 57 percent experienced moderate stress, and 3.5 percent reported high stress. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.314, p = 0.003) was observed between poor sleep and higher stress levels. Findings highlight the importance of interventions focusing on sleep hygiene and stress management to support nurses’ well-being and ensure safe patient care.
Every nursing student embarks on a journey where today’s learning becomes the foundation for tomorrow’s leadership. Leadership in nursing encompasses the ability to influence and guide others, particularly within a health-care team, to achieve shared goals and improve patient outcomes; it involves inspiring, motivating, and empowering staff to work collaboratively, utilising critical thinking and effective communication to achieve predetermined objectives. Strong leadership in nursing is essential for enhancing the quality of health care, patient outcomes, staff morale, supportive work environment, innovations and staff retention. A good leader needs special skills like good communication, active listening, problem-solving, collaboration, teamwork. Good leadership heavily depends on teamwork, too. A leader's teamwork attitude is strongly and positively correlated with their leadership effectiveness. The leadership skills gained through training positively impacts their leadership ability, performance and career progression of nurses.
Hairdressers are integral to community grooming services, but they face occupational health risks due to close contact with clients. Barbershops may act as source of infections such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV, and skin disorders, mainly due to inadequate hygiene practices and a lack of proper infection prevention. Repeated use of razors, towels, and tools without sterilisation further increases this risk. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding infection prevention and hygiene among hairdressers in Nadiad city of Gujarat, and develop an informational booklet promoting safe practices. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 150 hairdressers aged 18-60 years with a minimum of three months of experience, selected using simple random sampling from roadside and shop-based establishments. Data were collected between January and April 2025 using a structured knowledge questionnaire and an observational checklist focusing on hand hygiene, tool sterilisation, and infection awareness. Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, SD) and inferential statistics (t-test, chi-square, correlation) were applied. Findings revealed that 59.3 percent of participants had inadequate knowledge, and 54.6 percent demonstrated poor hygiene practices. The mean knowledge score was 9.92 (SD = 4.18), and the mean practice score was 10.65 (SD = 4.83). A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between knowledge and practice, indicating that improved awareness enhances hygiene compliance. The study concluded that infection prevention knowledge and practices among hairdressers were suboptimal. An informational booklet was developed to bridge this gap, aiming to reduce infection risks and promote standardised hygiene measures in barbershops.
This study explores the post-migration satisfaction level of nurses who have migrated from the Indian government sector to overseas countries. Using an exploratory survey design, data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing demographic details and post-migration satisfaction from 305 migrated nurses worldwide through an exponential non-discriminative random sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the majority of migrated nurses from the Indian government sector (83.9%) were aged 31-40 years, mostly female (66.6%), and married (92.1%), with nearly half having two children (49.8%). A significant portion (48.8%) were Christians and had obtained a BSc Nursing degree (66.6%). Many (40.7%) had 6-10 years of experience, worked as Nursing Officer (88.2%), with 45.2 percent coming from Central Government institutions and most earned between Rs. 80,001 to 1 lakh before migration. The UK (33.8%) was the top destination followed by Australia (15.4%) and New Zealand (13.4%). Post-migration, 79.3 percent of nurses were highly satisfied, while 16.4 percent were satisfied, and only 4.3 percent expressed dissatisfaction. Interestingly, 66.89 percent respondents had no plans to return to India, while 28.2 percent intended to relocate after retirement due to family ties. The findings indicate that none of the demographic variables were statistically associated with the level of satisfaction. The study underscores the need for reforms in India’s government healthcare sector to curb the migration of skilled nurses. Improving wages, offering professional development opportunities, and enhancing workplace conditions are crucial to retaining nursing talent.
Research publication is an expectation from, and academic responsibility of nursing faculty; yet many encounter barriers that hinder scholarly output. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceived barriers related to research publication and publication ethics among nursing teachers in India. The objectives were: to evaluate the level of expertise on research publication and ethics, to identify perceived barriers faced by nursing teachers and to analyse association between demographic variables and knowledge/barriers. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted among 76 nursing teachers from 23 teaching institutions across four regions of India. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via a structured online questionnaire comprising three sections. Reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.82) and expert validation ensured tool accuracy; 43.4 percent of teachers demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge; 55.2 percent reported strong perceived barriers, with lack of time, insufficient institutional support, and inadequate research skills most frequently cited. The number of publications was significantly associated with perceived barriers (p = 0.021). Knowledge of research publication and ethics among nursing teachers is suboptimal, while barriers remain strongly perceived.
Nursing interventions are central to specialist palliative care, addressing physical, psychosocial, and supportive needs. Systematic documentation and evaluation in outpatient oncology settings remain limited. This study evaluated the frequency, type, and outcomes of nursing interventions at the palliative care outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary cancer centre. A retrospective review of client records from 1 January to 30 June 2023 at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, was conducted. Of 903 records screened, 110 were excluded due to incomplete documentation or paediatric age, leaving 793 adult cases for analysis. Data were extracted from nursing intervention and procedure records that included patient characteristics, interventions, and outcomes; Chi-square tests assessed associations between intervention type and symptom improvement using SPSS v25. Among 793 patients (mean age 48.9 years; 51.3% female), head & neck (26.6%), gastrointestinal (17.8%), and breast cancers (14.0%) predominated. Mild pain occurred in 439 (55.4%) patients, moderate in 86 (10.8%), and severe in 1 (0.1%). Non-opioid analgesics were highly effective for mild (87.5% improved) and moderate pain (80.0%), while opioids showed moderate effectiveness (mild: 44.4%; moderate: 45.5%). Severe pain remained largely untreated. Analgesic type was significantly associated with pain improvement (χ² = 1,442.07, df = 2, p < 0.001). Discharge-related wounds (26.6%) and general dressings (20.8%) were most common, while bleeding-related wounds (1.7%), maggot/debridement (0.7%), and bed sore care (0.4%) were less frequent. Wound type significantly influenced the likelihood of intervention (χ² = 573.47, p < 0.001). Gastrointestinal - antiemetics (22% given; 2.2% improvement), IV fluids for dehydration (6.7% improvement); respiratory interventions, including dyspnoea management and nebulisation, were documented in less than 5 percent patients: Nursing interventions in outpatient palliative care encompass pharmacological and supportive measures, primarily pain management and wound care. Structured documentation and electronic medical record integration enhance symptom control, interdisciplinary communication, and care quality. Psychosocial care documentation is recommended for holistic, patient-centred outcomes.
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a rare but life-threatening infectious disease. Neurological involvement is uncommon but presents diagnostic challenges due to non-specific imaging findings and negative cultures. A 10-year-old female from Chennai (Tamil Nadu, India), presented with fever, cough, and bilateral upper extremity paralysis, which later progressed to involve the lower limbs. She had a history of recent treatment with Ceftriaxone following a reactive Widal test. Diagnosis was delayed due to multiple negative cultures from bodily fluids and nonspecific radiological findings. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was suggestive of infection, and gram staining of a brain biopsy specimen revealed gram-negative rods with a characteristic ‘safety pin’ morphology, confirming B. pseudomallei infection. The patient received targeted antibiotic therapy and intensive medical care. Despite severe complications, she demonstrated clinical improvement and survived. Neurological melioidosis should be considered in cases of unexplained neurological deterioration, particularly in endemic regions or travellers from such areas. Early recognition and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial for improving outcomes.
Females have traditionally dominated the nursing profession, but in recent years, men have been entering this field. In India, men account for approximately 10-15 percent of the nursing workforce (Indian Nursing Council, 2021). This study sought to assess the level of professional well-being (work environment, self-esteem and psychological distress) among male nurses. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed with 100 male nurses from selected hospitals providing data via Google Forms and using the consecutive sampling method. The tools used for the study were: background variables proforma of male nurses, a work environment assessment, a self-esteem scale, and a psychological distress scale. Half of the male nurses reported having a high level of professional well-being (50%), 61 percent said their workplace was healthy, 22 percent had high self-esteem, and less than half had severe distress (45%). The mean and standard deviation of the overall score of professional well-being of male nurses were 155.81±42.59. A statistically significant positive connection was observed between psychological distress and self-esteem (p < 0.001). Among male nurses, background characteristics such as years of experience, type of organisation, field of employment, and work environment were statistically significantly correlated (p <0.05). The study reveals a paradox in male nurses' professional well-being; despite most reporting a healthy workplace and half showing high well-being, significant concerns persist, and demands urgent action to improve working conditions and mental health support to sustain their vital role in healthcare.
Stroke often leads to impaired upper limb function, reducing independence in daily activities. Motor imagery training is an emerging rehabilitation strategy that can enhance functional recovery. The present study aimed to assess the effect of a motor imagery training programme on upper limb function among patients with stroke. An experimental two-group pre-test post-test design was adopted with 40 subjects, randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) was used for assessment. The experimental group received motor imagery training for 30 minutes twice daily for 2-3 weeks, while the control group received conventional therapy. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in functional ability scores (p = 0.000) and a reduction in task completion time in the experimental group. A significant association was also found between education status and pre-test WMFT time. The study highlights that motor imagery training significantly improves upper limb function in stroke patients, supporting its integration into rehabilitation programmes.
Online gaming among adolescents has raised concerns regarding its effects on health and well-being. To assess the level of addiction, and psychological and physiological effects of online gaming, and explore its association with demographic variables, a descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 adolescents in higher secondary schools of Kashmir. The study used standardised scales (IGDS9-SF, DASS21) and a self-structured tool. Over half (51%) exhibited behaviours linked to gaming addiction, 45 percent had normal depressive symptoms, and 31 percent experienced extremely severe anxiety. Physiologically, 60.5 percent reported mild effects. Online gaming has notable psychological and physiological impacts on adolescents.
