A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen in a 78-years-old woman is presented. The diagnosis was established histologically. This is the ninth case of this rare entity described in the literature. The differential diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor especially with primary lymphoma of the spleen is discussed.
Porphobilinogen deaminase activity was studied in the erythrocytes of 73 women and 35 men with various malignant proliferative disorders of the lymphatic system and bone marrow, and, for comparison, in the erythrocytes of 34 women and 14 men with non malignant diseases of the haemopoietic system, and in those of 20 healthy women and 20 healthy men. The activity of the enzyme was determined by the Hsiao et al. method, using porphobilinogen as a substrate. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease of porphobilinogen deaminase activity in the erythrocytes of men with Hodgkin's disease and women with plasmocytoma and with myeloblastic leukemia; an increased activity of the studied enzyme was found only in men with lymphocytic leukemia.
Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric multiparameter analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed on fifteen formalin fixed, paraffin embedded lymph nodes with malignant lymphoma (eleven non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, four Hodgkin's lymphomas), and fifteen lymph nodes with metastatic carcinomas. A general concordance between PCNA measurement by both methods has been observed: the percentage of positively stained cells in tissue sections correlated well with the percentage of cells expressing this antigen in cell suspensions (r = 0.76). Both diploid and aneuploid tumors expressed PCNA, and a correlation between PCNA and the percent cells in S-phase was evident in both: in PCNA-positive tumors the mean percent of cells in S-phase was 16.5%, and in PCNA-negative tumors, 5.9%. The data indicate that PCNA can be detected in formalin-fixed tissues by either classic immunohistochemical analysis or by flow cytometry.
A case of splenogonadal fusion in a 60/year-old man has been described. This congenital malformation in this very case was composed of an abnormal fusion between the spleen and epididymis. This is an 124th case reported in the literature.
The author, while discussing the causes of increased demand for use of laboratory animals in biomedical research in the recent several decades, describes the origin of various social movements for the defense of the rights of animals in many countries. The paper lists the methods and ways of defending the animals' rights and numerous examples of appropriate resolutions and instructions of world institutions (UN, UNESCO, WHO), international and national bodies to regulate the animals' rights, protection and use for experimental and production purposes. The need for supervision of animal experiments, limitation of their use (only in indispensable and justified cases) and replacement with alternative methods for instance with cell, bacterial and fungal cultures, studies on species of a lower order, etc. is indicated. The author suggests that the number of laboratory animals in biomedical studies should be decreased emphasizing the need for appropriate organizational and administrative changes and use of animals with high sanitary and hygienic standards. The final part of the paper is devoted to nonspecific (environmental) anatomic and pathological changes found in the organs of laboratory animals. Based upon the proposed scoring system the author advocates a detailed description of these changes and comparison of the total pattern of changes with those in a matched control group.
Two hundred cases of adenomyosis have been studied in order to clarify the origin and significance of intravascular endometrial tissue in adenomyosis. A tumor-like intravascular proliferation of the adenomyotic stroma (IVSP) has been found in 17.5% of the cases. An endolymphatic proliferation (35 cases) was occasionally accompanied by an intravenous proliferation (3 cases). IVSP originated from a perivascular stromal proliferation (PVSP) and occurred only in deep adenomyosis. IVSP was focal and showed no atypia. It was significantly most frequent in patients 50-53 years of age and more frequent in patients up to 53 years than in those over 53. The frequency of occurrence of PVSP and IVSP was related to the histologic features of adenomyosis and the endometrium and was highest in hyperplastic adenomyosis and in adenomyosis accompanied by hyperplasia of the endometrium. The study suggests that PVSP and IVSP develop in the areas of adenomyotic stroma stimulated by estrogen and nonresponsive to progesterone. The differential diagnosis of tumor-like and sarcomatous IVSP, and histogenesis of adenomyosis are discussed.
A rare case of the malignant form of Gorlin's cyst is reported in a 42-year-old woman. The neoplasm developed in the right maxilla, infiltrated the anterior wall and roof of the sinus and grew into the nasal cavity. Based upon literature data we characterized various clinical and histological forms of Gorlin's cyst (calcifying odontogenic cyst).
I report here the molecular, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities between transmissible (scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome) and non-transmissible (Alzheimer's disease, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis--Dutch (HCHWA-D) and Icelandic (HCHWA-I) types) brain amyloidoses. The central pathogenic event in both types of amyloidoses is a synthesis and a processing of amyloid precursor followed by an accumulation of a final deposit. PrPc and APP are amyloid precursors and PrPsc and beta-A4 are final deposits in transmissible and nontransmissible cerebral amyloidoses of Alzheimer's disease type, respectively. In HCHWA-I, cystatin C serves the role of the amyloid precursor protein. The amyloid plaque composed of a different proportions of amyloid fibers, dystrophic neurites and astrocytes and microglia cells is the crucial neuropathological entity. The role of microglial cell as amyloid producer/processor cell seems to be analogous in both types of amyloidoses. The impairment of slow axoplasmic transport which leads to the accumulation of neurofilament triplet protein in the transmissible and tau protein in the non-transmissible cerebral amyloidoses causes the development of dystrophic neurites and neuropil threads. The other elements of neuropathology like Hirano bodies and granulovacuolar degeneration may be only secondary and non-specific phenomena.
This article summed up 4 years experiences in the creation and working with software package for collection, processing and storage of data in the form of standard database. Software package--PATHOLOGIST--can be implemented on microcomputer compatible with IBM PC. This package manages 92 relative databases in the order to gather all possible information about performed histological, cytological, immunological examinations as well as autopsy.
A case of 65 years of old female in which Reed-Sternberg cells were found in brush specimens from bronchial mucosa is reported. Histopathologic specimens from bronchial mucosa and lymph nodes were estimated too. We would like to direct attention to the necessity differential diagnosis Reed-Sternberg cells with adenocarcinoma cells in brush specimens from bronchial mucosa.
In the autopsy material of 2932 men and 3051 women the frequency of fresh myocardial infarct and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis were highly significantly lower in the population suffering from malignancies than in that free of cancer. Lower frequency of myocardial infarct seems to result from lower severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The incidence rate of myocardial infarct was also significantly lower in the cancer--bearing group when both compared populations showed identical, severe (grade 4) coronary atherosclerosis. This observation seems to indicate lesser contribution of coronary spasm in cancerous population and justifies the discussion of possible significance of EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) and catecholamines.
Primary and metastatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the alimentary tract is uncommon, even though it is the most frequently diagnosed malignant soft tissue tumor in adults. In this report, we describe a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the colon.
In 462 left testes of males, died in the age of 17-91 years (x = 51,9 +/- 16,8 years) the occurrence frequency and the degree of teratospermatogenesis activity was assessed. In the whole material, the phenomenon occurred in 84% of cases. In 47,83% of cases the grade of intensity was low (+), in 22% high ( ), in 14% moderate (++). Alcoholic intoxication occurred to have the heaviest impact on teratospermatogenesis frequency (92,5%); in liver cirrhosis the occurrence frequency was significantly more rare (76%). The age of cadavers and the weight of the gonad did not correlate with teratospermatogenesis occurrence frequency. Postmortem autolysis was not connected with the phenomenon occurrence also. It correlated positively albeit with type II and III seminiferous tubules, i.e. with tubules, where spermatogenesis was stopped on the stage of spermatids and spermatocytes, and negatively with hyalinized tubules, and also with the V% value of tubular membranes.
An electron-microscopic examination of ten cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma is presented. The most characteristic features for diagnosis are: presence of microvilli and desmosomes, abundant intermediate filaments and direct contact between microvilli and collagen fibres. Microvilli were present not only on the luminal surface of the cells, but also on the abluminal surfaces. Differentiation towards the cells characteristic for rhabdomyosarcoma was found in one case.
The effect of haemorrhage and melatonin on the vasopressin and oxytocin storage in the neurohypophysis of pinealectomized male rats was determined. Sham operated or pinealectomized rats as well as rats pinealectomized and injected with melatonin (100 micrograms/100 g b. w., once daily over 8 days) or with melatonin vehicle (2.2% ethanol in 0.9% NaCl) were subsequently subjected to haemorrhage. Pinealectomy was followed by known decrease of both vasopressin and oxytocin content in the neurohypophysis as compared to sham operated rats. Similarly, haemorrhage decreased the neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin storage in both sham operated and pinealectomized animals. Melatonin, injected to pinealectomized animals, did not modify the diminution of neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin content caused by bleeding. The results demonstrate that in pinealectomized rats melatonin does not affect the rate of the response of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurones to bleeding.
Forty eight human brain tumors: 31 primary glial tumors and 17 metastasizing neoplasms were submitted for an immunocytochemical characterization of mononuclear cell infiltrates in tumor tissue and in its surroundings, with antibodies CD 68, CD45RO, UHCL1, EMB11, CD21 and OPD4. It was found that cells were mainly marked with CD68 and CD45RO, UHCL1. The counting of the marked and unmarked mononuclear cells proved that there is a high degree of variability in cell density which is tumor type and case depended. The results indicate that there were fewer cells which reacted to the antibody EMB11 as compared with cells marked with other antibodies. With CD21 and OPD4 only single cells were marked. A great number of cells remained unmarked. There was a significant difference between the primary glial and the metastatic tumors as far as the number of marked cells is concerned. It is suggested that the difference between primary and metastatic tumors in the number of mononuclear cell infiltrates can be connected with a possibility that the metastatic tumor will present its antigenicity easier as compared with primary tumors of glial origin.
The following examination was carried out confirm the effect of Photodynamic Therapy on tumor damage induction in Wistar rats. 20 male Wistar rats bearing interstitioma testis with mean diameter of 2 cm were treated with Photodynamic Therapy, i.e. injected intravenously with alkaline solution of meta-tetra-hydroxyphenyl-porphyrin in dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight and after 24 hrs the tumors were irradiated with red light (650 nm). 2 hrs later these rats were injected intravenously with dye, i.e. 1% solution of Evans Blue in volume of 5 ml per one rat. After next 2 hrs animals were sacrificed. Necrosis areas in tumors were evaluated both on routine paraffin embedded sections without Evans Blue injections, stained with HE only and on paraffin sections from sample containing dye alone. There was the significant increase in necrosis size in treated tumors in comparison to untreated controls or tumors that were given photosensitizer, i.e. porphyrin or light alone. Present data indicate positive role of Photodynamic Therapy on interstitioma testis necrosis induction in Wistar rats.
Epithelial odontogenic cyst develop either in result od peridental inflammation-radicular cyst, or in result of developmental disturbances in the course of the odontogenesis. The latter are divided into primordial and dentigerous cysts. Some odontogenic cysts are lined with squamous keratotic epithelium -ortho- or parakeratotic type. The latter is characterized by higher recurrence rate and malignant potential. Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) both keratizing and nonkeratizing might originate in keratocyst. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and occasionally other benign and malignant sialogenic tumors might originate in keratocyst either. In addition in the jaw-bones with the odontogenic cyst or even without the cyst, squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) can develop or so-called squamous odontogenic tumor-like proliferation in odontogenic cyst (SOT-LPOC). PIOC is a cancer of low grade malignant potential. Biology of SOT and SOT-LPOC in not elucidated yet as these are not frequently occurred lesion.
The effect of haemorrhage (1 ml per 100 g b. w.) on the vasopressin and oxytocin storage in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis of melatonin-treated male rats was determined. Melatonin treatment (100 micrograms/100 g b. w., once daily over 8 days) resulted in a known decrease of vasopressin as well as oxytocin content both in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Haemorrhage decreased the neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin storage in animals injected with vehicle solution or otherwise not treated. In melatonin-treated rats, however, bleeding did not affect the actual (i.e., decreased by melatonin) vasopressin and oxytocin content in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. The results demonstrate that melatonin may be involved in mechanisms determining the rate of the response of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurones to bleeding.
