Background:Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital midline abnormality in the Head and Neck region, commonly presents as, a painless slowly progressive midline swelling, which moves with deglutition, and tongue protrusion. The aim of the study is to assess the clinical presentation and treatment of TGDC at a tertiary hospital in Kaduna, North-Western Nigeria. Methodology:It was a retrospective descriptive study; medical records of patients diagnosed with TGDC from January 2013 to September 2025 were reviewed. Data were collected from medical records, with variables including demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment outcomes. Categorical variables were presented in frequency tables and percentages, continuous variables were presented in mean and standard deviation, the relationship of variables was analysed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test, level of significance was set at p value <0.05. Results:Forty-six patients (74.2%) had complete records and were reviewed. Their ages ranged from 1-54 years (mean 15.0 ± 14.5 years), with males accounting for 54.3%. Most patients (80.4%) presented within five years of symptom onset, predominantly with neck masses (97.8%), while 8.7% had discharging sinuses. Central (69.6%) and infrahyoid (63.0%) lesions were most common. Twelve patients had infected cysts, with three requiring incision and drainage. Half underwent Sistrunk's procedure, while the remainder defaulted. Five patients developed complications, but no recurrence occurred. FNAC was significantly associated with undergoing Sistrunk's procedure (p = 0.008), unlike age or gender. Conclusion:The Sistrunk procedure provided a good outcome with minimal complications among those treated. However, there is significant patient default that needs further investigation in order to gain insight into the reasons.
Introduction:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multisystem disease of increasing prevalence and thus of great public health importance. CKD-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common dermatologic manifestation of CKD, and it has been associated with increased occurrences of mood and sleep disorders, increased rates of infection and hospitalization, reduced overall quality of life and increased mortality rates. Methodology:This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria between June 2024 and August 2024 to determine the prevalence and pattern of CKD-aP in 171 pre-dialysis patients with stages 3-5 CKD. Results:The mean age in this study was 59.9 ± 16.9 years, with females comprising 43.9% of study participants. The prevalence of CKD-aP was 26.9%. The majority (73.9%) had pruritus of moderate severity, and the distribution of pruritus was generalized in 39.1% of those with CKD-aP. There was no significant association observed between gender and aetiology of CKD. (p = 0.364), between gender, aetiology of CKD and pruritus, and between gender, CKD etiology, CKD stage and pruritus severity. CKD stage was a predictor of CKD-aP. (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.24-5.19; p = 0.011). Conclusion:CKD-aP was relatively common among pre-dialysis CKD, and there was no statistically significant association observed between pruritus, gender, CKD aetiology and CKD stage. It is therefore recommended that CKD-aP should be assessed periodically and managed in all patients with CKD, as this may improve their quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Background:Challenging behaviours are highly prevalent among children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), particularly those with speech impairments. Speech and language therapists in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, frequently encounter these behaviours during service delivery but often report limited training in effective behavioural management approaches such as Functional Behavioural Analysis (FBA). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioural management training programme on the knowledge and self-efficacy of speech therapists managing children with NDDs. Methodology:A quasi-experimental one-group pre-post intervention design was employed, conducted in three phases: baseline, intervention, and post-intervention. Sixteen participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Pre- and post-intervention knowledge and self-efficacy related to challenging behaviour management were assessed. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results:The intervention resulted in significant improvements in both knowledge and self-efficacy. Mean knowledge scores increased from 10.69 (± 1.40) at baseline to 11.50 (± 0.73) post-intervention. Self-efficacy scores also improved significantly, rising from 5.06 (± 2.08) to 7.50 (± 1.21). The effect size (Cohen's d = 1.03) indicates a large effect, suggesting that the intervention is potentially effective in improving participants' skills and confidence in managing challenging behaviours. Conclusion:Behavioural management training based on FBA appears effective in improving knowledge and self-efficacy among speech and language therapists working with children with NDDs. Integrating such training into professional development programmes may strengthen service delivery, improve access to care, and optimise outcomes for children in low-resource settings.
Background:Overweight and obesity are growing global public health challenges driven by genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. In Nigeria, their prevalence is increasing amid epidemiological transition, but local sociodemographic determinants remain poorly understood. This study investigated sociodemographic factors associated with overweight and obesity among overweight and obese adults in Uyo, Nigeria. Methodology:A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Outpatient Clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital from July to December 2017. Using consecutive sampling, 385 overweight and obese adults aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 17.0, employing chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results:Of 380 completed responses (98.7% response rate), 73.7% (n=280) were obese and 26.3% (n=100) were overweight. Class I obesity was most prevalent (55%). Factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity in bivariate analysis were female gender (χ2 = 32.69, p < 0.001), being married (χ2 = 26.39, p < 0.001), age ≥ 40 years (χ2 = 12.74, p < 0.001), Ibibio ethnicity (χ2 = 22.62, p < 0.001), and occupational class (χ2 = 16.06, p = 0.01). In the adjusted multivariable model, independent predictors of overweight and obesity were: female gender (aOR=6.33, 95% CI: 3.33-12.07), Ibibio ethnicity (aOR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.15-3.58), tertiary education (aOR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.02-5.17), and higher occupational classes (Class 2: aOR=5.30, 95% CI: 1.71-16.40; Class 3N: aOR=12.97, 95% CI: 1.45-115.76; Class 4: aOR=8.44, 95% CI: 2.57-27.79). Conclusion:Female gender, older age, marital status, higher occupational class, Ibibio ethnicity, and tertiary education were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among the study participants. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted, culturally sensitive lifestyle intervention programs, particularly for women in higher socioeconomic groups, to address the increasing burden of overweight and obesity in Southern Nigeria.
Prostate cancer remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, being the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men. Despite recent improvements in cancer policies, registries, and selected diagnostic and treatment investments, access to timely, equitable, and guideline-concordant care remains limited. Current evidence indicates persistent late presentation, delays in diagnosis and staging, high out-of-pocket costs, and significant disparities in access to specialist services. Although curative treatments such as radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and brachytherapy are available in selected centres, many patients present with advanced disease or experience delays that limit their effectiveness. Consequently, androgen-deprivation therapy remains the predominant treatment modality. Improving outcomes requires strengthening the entire care pathway through early risk-based detection, efficient referral systems, faster pathology services, expanded financial protection, multidisciplinary management, and robust monitoring of treatment outcomes.
