Major depressive disorder with psychotic features (MDDP), as a specifier of major depressive disorder, is characterized by the concurrent presence of depressive and psychotic symptoms. However, the interrelations between these symptom domains remain unclear. Guided by a network-based psychopathology framework, this study employed the symptom network and Bayesian network analysis to examine the connections between depressive-related and psychotic-related symptoms in MDDP. A total of 535 patients (female = 395, male = 140; Meanage = 34.52, SDage = 17.45, range age = 12–77) diagnosed with MDDP were included in the data analysis. Of these, 195 were classified as first-onset (female = 126, male = 69; Mage = 31.90, SDage = 16.70) and 340 as recurrent (female = 269, male = 71; Mage = 36.10, SDage = 17.70) based on clinical diagnosis and patients’ self-reports. All patients completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. In the full sample, the psychotic symptom (i.e., motor retardation) shares central bridge symptoms (Z score above 2) linking the HDRS symptom and BPRS symptom communities. One depressive and one psychotic symptom (i.e., depressed mood; depressive mood) were central bridge symptoms in the first-onset group. Only one depressive symptom (i.e., loss of weight) acted as a bridge symptom and was significantly stronger in the recurrent group than the first-onset group. Bridge centrality values were not significantly correlated with bridge path number in the overall MDDP sample (r = 0.19, p = 0.28) or in patients with recurrent MDDP (r = 0.14, p = 0.42), whereas a significant positive correlation was observed in patients with first-onset MDDP (r = 0.37, p = 0.032). Network stability, accuracy, and sensitivity were also assessed. These findings suggest that first-onset and recurrent MDDP may require differentiated treatment approaches, with early interventions targeting psychotic-affective linkages in first-onset patients and symptom-specific treatment of somatic manifestations in recurrent patients. Not applicable.
Childhood adversity is associated with depression across the life course, while sleep duration may influence vulnerability to depressive symptoms. However, whether sleep duration modifies the association between cumulative childhood adversity and later-life depressive symptoms remains unclear. Data from 9,118 adults aged ≥ 45 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. A cumulative childhood adversity score (CAS) was constructed from eight early-life adversity indicators. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) in 2013 and 2020. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analyses, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Interactions between CAS and nighttime sleep duration measured in 2020 and 2013 were examined separately. Each one-point increase in CAS was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms in 2020 after adjustment for baseline depressive symptoms and other covariates (OR = 1.238, 95
Sensory sensitivity and intolerance may represent a distinct, empirically defined psychiatric phenotype characterized by distressing sensory symptoms and functional impairment due to atypical sensory processing. The aim of this study, in contrast to prior studies relying primarily on subjective self-report measures, was to objectively assess sensory processing using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in individuals with affective and anxiety disorders. TENS was applied with the following parameters: 100 Hz frequency, 100 µs pulse duration, and a biphasic waveform to assess individual detection thresholds. Electrode placement corresponded to the T1 dermatome on the forearm of the dominant hand. Anhedonia was assessed with the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) and quality of life with the WHOQOL-BREF. Questionnaire-based measures were included to capture affective and hedonic aspects of functioning that are clinically relevant to the interpretation of sensory processing. In adjusted analyses, the clinical group showed numerically higher detection thresholds than the control group (adjusted difference = 0.84 mA, 95
Gender norms can shape adolescent girls’ opportunities to participate in outdoor activities and pursue work outside the home. Individual endorsement of restrictive gender norms may be associated with depressive symptoms, but evidence among female adolescents on this issue in Bangladesh is limited. This study examined the association between endorsement of two gender-norm statements concerning girls’ outdoor activities and women’s employment outside the home, and elevated depressive symptoms among female adolescents aged 15–19 years. This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey (BAHWS) 2019–2020. The analysis included 4,984 female adolescents aged 15–19 years. Depressive symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score ≥ 10 indicating elevated depressive symptoms. Restrictive gender-norm attitudes was defined based on agreement with survey statements concerning restrictions on girls’ participation in outdoor activities and employment outside the home. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to assess the distribution and bivariate associations of study variables. Logistic regression model was appropriate in the analysis to see the association between study variables and elevated depressive symptoms, as the outcome elevated depressive symptoms is binary. Overall, 12.40
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves persistent social-communication difficulties and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Evidence remains limited for programs integrating physical games with both parent–child and peer interaction. This study compared a multicomponent sport-based program incorporating mother–child and peer interaction with fundamental movement skill training in Han Chinese boys aged 7–10 years who had ASD and Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores of 30–36. This single-site, open-label, block-randomized exploratory trial enrolled 56 boys aged 7–10 years. One participant in the experimental group withdrew after completing the baseline assessment and did not complete the post-intervention assessment, leaving 55 participants in the complete-case analysis (27 experimental and 28 control). The experimental group received a multicomponent sport-based intervention incorporating mother–child and peer interaction twice weekly for 80 min over 12 weeks. The control group received fundamental movement skill training with the same session frequency and duration. The primary outcome was the mother-reported Social Responsiveness Scale total score. Secondary outcomes were the mother-reported Autism Behavior Checklist and Repetitive Behavior Scale–Revised scores. Mothers were aware of group allocation, and mothers in the experimental group participated directly in the intervention. The trial was registered retrospectively after recruitment and intervention completion. The mean SRS total score decreased by 16.44 points in the experimental group and by 2.86 points in the control group. The between-group difference in change was − 13.59 points (95
