Policymakers have used a twopronged approach to reduce suspension and expulsion practices and confront the underlying causes of negative behaviors in the early years. Many states and school districts have begun to address this challenge by setting a benchmark for reducing early grade suspensions and expulsions. Other approaches incorporate multi-tiered systems of support to address disruptive behaviors, such as social and emotional learning (SEL), positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) and restorative justice practices (RJ).
(1) There were 840 bicyclist traffic deaths in 2016, the highest amount since 1991. (2) According to the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety, 45 percent of fatal bicycle crashes between 2008 and 2012 involved a vehicle hitting the bicyclist from behind or the side while traveling in the same direction. (3) Thirty-two states have a law requiring a motorist to provide at least 3 feet of space when passing a bicyclist.
(1) Section 1332 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) allows states to apply for reinsurance waivers--which can alter certain ACA requirements forhealth insurance plans--to help make coverage more affordable. (2) As of 2017, more than 10 million people were enrolled in a health insurance plan in the individual market. (3) To date, seven states have successfully adopted reinsurance programs at minimal cost to the state and have seen premiums reduced as much as 20 percent annually.
(1) Untreated mental disorders and mental illness in children can lead to costly outcomes such as school dropout, substance use and suicide. (2) Half of lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 14 and 75 percent of all lifetime cases present by age 24. (3) Early intervention and access to treatment may decrease the financial and health burdens associated with mental illness.
(1) Since 2002, annual state spending on preschool has increased from $2.4 billion to $7.6 billion. (2) Nineteen percent of the nearly 20 million children under age 5 in the U.S. live in poverty. (3) Forty-eight percent of children from low-income families are ready for school at age 5, compared with 75 percent of children from families with moderate and high incomes.
(1) Studies have found a $1.80 to $5.70 return on investment for every dollar spent on home visiting. (2) Nearly 4 million evidence-based home visits reached more than 300,000 families in 2016. (3) Approximately 40 percent of U.S. counties have at least one home visiting agency that offers an evidence-based program.
(1) At least 74.7 million Americans use three or more prescription drugs in a 30-day period. (2) Eighty percent of the U.S. public views prescription drug costs as "unreasonable," while 17 percent say “reasonable,” according to a recent poll. (3) An influenza drug has a cash price of $100, but a patient with insurance may pay $125 because of a “gag clause” that restricts pharmacists from disclosing price options.
(1) Human trafficking in the United States is believed to be on the rise, although comprehensive data is hard to come by. (2) At least 22 states have established funds to enhance their efforts to eradicate human trafficking. (3) Some states are working to educate the public about the National Human Trafficking Hotline, 1-888-373-7888 (TTY: 711).
Twenty-eight states have enacted scope of practice legislation since 2015. (1) Nearly 80 percent of nurse practitioners deliver primary care. (2) In rural and underserved areas, physician assistants may be the primary care providers at clinics where a physician is present only a few days a week.
