Skin and hair quality directly impact facial plastic surgery outcomes, influencing wound healing, scar quality, pigmentation, inflammation, and perioperative telogen effluvium. This review summarizes the nutritional biologics-dietary nutrients and bioactive compounds with mechanistic and clinical relevance to aesthetic practice. Vitamins A and C support keratinocyte differentiation and collagen hydroxylation; vitamin D and zinc contribute to barrier immunity, antimicrobial peptides, and tissue repair. A structured nutritional assessment and targeted correction of deficiencies, paired with a low-glycemic, antioxidant-rich dietary pattern, offers a practical, low-risk strategy to optimize perioperative recovery and long-term maintenance after facial aesthetic and reconstructive procedures.
This review summarizes current understanding of defensin peptides in skin and hair rejuvenation. It draws on preclinical animal models, mechanistic studies, and human clinical trials, including data on α-defensin and β-defensin formulations. Defensins are discussed in the context of regenerative peptides, growth factor-based cosmeceuticals, extracellular vesicles, safety, regulatory considerations, and heterochronic parabiosis. The goal is to provide facial plastic surgeons and aesthetic clinicians with a practical, evidence-based overview of defensin therapy and its potential integration into regenerative aesthetic practice.
Skin aging manifests as loss of collagen, thinning of the dermis, diminished epidermal turnover, and accumulation of senescent cells. Recent advances highlight the potential of biologic therapies-including stem cell secretomes, growth factors, peptides, and exosomes-to restore skin health at the molecular and cellular level. This review summarizes peer-reviewed evidence on biologic skin improvement, with emphasis on Klotho, growth factors, exosomes, bioactive peptides (including defensins), sirtuins, and senolytic approaches. Mechanistic pathways are presented, clinical outcomes are discussed, and practical considerations for facial plastic surgery are highlighted. Takeaway points underscore the synergy of combining biologic agents with established aesthetic procedures.
This article reviews the clinical application of direct injection of stem cells and differentiated cells, comparing established European experience with the rapidly evolving regenerative medicine landscape in Dubai. It highlights the strongest evidence in orthopedic applications, outlines current limitations in standardization and long-term outcomes, and examines emerging technologies such as exosomes and engineered cellular therapies. Differences in regulatory frameworks and clinical adoption are discussed, emphasizing the need for continued evidence-based integration and ethical oversight in the expansion of regenerative medicine.
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles, critical for intercellular communication. They are released from a cell via exocytosis, after which they travel through the extracellular fluid until they reach a target cell. Research in the fields of cellular medicine, regenerative and stem cell therapy continues to grow exponentially. Deciphering the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes as cell-free therapeutic tools is important for wound healing and cutaneous regeneration. The future is also bright for genetically engineering exosomes for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
This is a review of modified mRNA (mmRNA) science and a description of a novel application of mmRNA for the creation of personalized cosmetic products.
Photobiomodulation harnesses visible and near-infrared wavelengths to modulate mitochondrial energetics and transcriptional programs that orchestrate wound repair, immune homeostasis, angiogenesis, and organized extracellular matrix remodeling. In parallel, topical or intradermal biological interventions (including exosomes, platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin, polydeoxyribonucleotides, polynucleotides, recombinant growth factors, and bioactive peptides) deliver molecular cargo that stimulates collagen synthesis, elastin assembly, and barrier restoration. Fractional ablative and non-ablative laser systems, along with mechanical and energy-based microneedling platforms, overcome the stratum corneum barrier to facilitate substantive dermal penetration of these agents through laser-assisted drug delivery (or device-assisted drug delivery).
Today there is a growing shift in the paradigm from restorative medicine to regenerative medicine using regenerative biologics. Additional research is occurring to help solve some of the challenges of hair regeneration. While there is not a one size fits all formula for patients, further study of biologics including PRP, exosomes, PDGF, organoids, will continue to refine approaches and improve outcomes, a thorough evaluation of these approaches with consideration of not only the components but also the delivery method is key to achieving a high degree of efficacy while maintaining patient safety at the same time.
Exosomes-small extracellular vesicles containing protein, lipid, and nucleic-acid cargo-modulate key pathways involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. This narrative review synthesizes current pre-clinical and clinical evidence supporting exosome-based interventions in cutaneous wound healing and facial skin regeneration, with attention to delivery strategies, translational limitations, and regulatory considerations relevant to facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Across multiple in vivo models, exosome-based therapies have been associated with accelerated wound closure, enhanced neovascularization, and more organized collagen architecture, with attenuation of excessive fibrotic remodeling in later phases of healing.
