Objective This study examined whether identification with and participation in groups of older adults moderates the internalized ageism-anxiety association, and whether this moderation differs by gender and age.Method A survey was conducted with 2674 Brazilian older adults using the WHO Ageism Experiences Scale (internalized ageism subscale), the DASS-21 anxiety subscale, and a measure of age-specific group engagement. A fully factorial moderation model estimated the conditional effect of internalized ageism on anxiety across gender, age, and group memberships, with exploratory conditional analyses at observed levels of group membership.Results Internalized ageism was positively associated with anxiety, and group memberships were associated with an overall attenuation of this link. The Internalization by Gender by Age interaction was significant, with the association strengthening with age among women and weakening among men. Exploratory conditional analyses located reliable attenuation by group memberships only among younger women. Among older women, the association remained constant across all observed levels of group engagement, and among men, the declines in point estimates were not statistically reliable. The results persisted with race, education, income, and marital status as covariates.Conclusion The findings suggest that group-based approaches may be differentially associated with the internalization-anxiety link across gender and age, and motivate future research on interventions that target internalized beliefs directly among older women.
Objectives Investigate the differences in care staff's perceived competence and strain, and well-being and distress behavior of people with dementia before and after a video feedback intervention.Methods In this pre-post observational study, data were collected online before (T0) and after (T1) in 27 cases. Care staff outcome measures were Sense of Competence in Dementia care Scale (SCIDS), quality of communication and care relationship, caregiver distress scale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-NH/NPI-Q) and Strain in Dementia Care Scale. For people with dementia, outcome measures were NPI-NH, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Quality of Life In Late-Stage Dementia Scale (QUALID), and Revised Index for Social Engagement.Results Linear Mixed Model analyses showed significant increases over time among care staff (n = 152 at T0, n = 73 at T1) for SCIDS, quality of communication and care relationship, and significant decreases for NPI-NH/NPI-Q caregiver distress. A significant increase was found in quality of life of people with dementia (QUALID). Effect sizes indicate small to moderate effects, the effect size for QUALID was largest at 0.71.Conclusion Although our findings indicate that VIO may contribute positively to perceived competence of care staff and quality of life of people with dementia, future research must confirm our findings and investigate how outcome variables behave longitudinally at team level.
