The literature concerning marital adjustment among couples with a physical disability present in the marriage is reviewed. The stress induced by the physical handicap and the variables associated with such marital stress are explored. Role flexibility was found to be of major importance, though the outcomes were different for men and women. The non-handicapped spouses of seriously handicapped individuals were found to become encased by the disability, altering appreciably the content of these marriages.
The adult males in rural Appalachian families have been under pressure to change their roles to meet the demands of modern society. This paper looks at the male role derived from the traditional folk culture, the male's place within the family, the pressure for change, and the various role structures that have developed and their impact on family life. Suggestions for intervention programming are discussed. There have been profound changes in the Southern Appalachian family within the past 20-30 years due, in great part, to industrialization and its concomitant modernization of the region. Our specific focus in this paper will be on the changing role of adult males within the isolated rural low-income family system, especially the provider role. Implicit are the effects that this role has on other male roles such as child rearing and sexual partner.
Structured communication training has accumulated a substantial body of empirical data supporting its effectiveness as a method of intervention with conflicted marital relationships (Beck, 1975). Guerney (1971) has suggested that such training is a particular instance of a more general model for helping which emphasizes teaching clients the interpersonal skills that are deficient in their lives. Carkhuff (1971) has supported a similar approach. Such a model views the helping professional as an educator as opposed to models based (explicitly or implicitly) upon medical practice which view the helping professional as a healer. The conjugal therapy approach to structured communication training was developed by Bernard Guerney, Jr. and has been the subject of considerable empirical research substantiating its effectiveness (D'Augelli, Deyss, Guerney, Hershenberg, & Sborofsky, 1974; Ely, Guerney, & Stover, 1973; Collins, 1971; Rappaport, 1971). Systematic facili-
144 female and 100 male high school and university students answered questionnaires on sexual attitudes and behavior contraceptive usage and background characteristics. All subjects were sexually active. The data were analyzed by a multivariate analysis method that chooses the best predictors for contraceptive usage from a set of independent variables (in this case 24 suggested by previous literature). Female contraceptive use was influenced most strongly by internal factors such as commitment (dating status) conditions of love (having been in love more than once previously) and high self-esteem. The only external factor significant for contraceptive use among females was social class; users were higher class. In contrast male contraceptive use was predicted entirely by external factors such as age at first date fathers permissiveness and mothers permissiveness. Practical implications are that the first step in dealing with females who are sexually active but tend not to use contraceptives is to help them define and accept themselves as sexual beings while the males who do not use contraceptives have already defined themselves sexually and are indifferent to contraceptive use regarding it as the females problem. Because this exploitative attitude may be reinforced in their homes they present more of a challenge to family planning practitioners.
This volume, first published in 1975 with a new introduction by Ziona Strelitz, marked a pioneering contribution to family and leisure studies. The study includes empirical material collected in the form of biographical case studies. The case studies are not only rich in detail and well presented, but they provide a meaning of leisure within the pattern of life of the individuals studied. This book will be of great interest to students of leisure and family studies.
Physical Activity Play: the Nature and Function of a Neglected Aspect of Play, A. D. Pelligrini, and P. K. Smith. Child Development and Emergent Literacy, G. J. Whitehurst, C. J. Lonigan. How Shall We Speak of Children's Personalities in Middle Childhood? A Preliminary Taxonomy, R. L. Shiner. Worry in Normal Children, P. Muris, Ph.D., C. Meesters, Ph.D., H. Merckelbach, Ph.D., A. Sermon, M.Sc., S. Zwakhalen, M.Sc. Children's Recollections of Traumatic and Nontraumatic Events, R. Fivush. Child-Rearing Attitudes and Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese and Canadian Toddlers: a Cross-Cultural Study, X. Chen, et al. A Cross-National Study of Self-Evaluations and Attributions in Parenting: Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, and the United States, M. H. Bornstein, et al. Relationship Between Hunger and Psychosocial Functioning in Low-Income Children, J. M. Murphy, et al. What Matters? What Does Not?, E. M. Hetherington, M. Bridges, G. M. Insabella. Attachment Feeding Problems: a Reexamination of Nonorganic Failure to Thrive and Attachment Insecurity, I. Chatoor, M.D., et al. Psychiatric Illness and Family Support in Children and Adolescents with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: a Controlled Study, D. S. Liss, Ph.D., et al. Headaches and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents, H. L. Egger, M.D., A. Angold, M.R.C.Psych., E. J. Costello, Ph.D. Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: the First Two Decades, J. F. Leekman, M.D., et al. Multidimensionally Impaired Disorder: Is It a variant of Early-Onset Schizophrenia?, S. Kumra, M.D. Interaction of Temperamental Resistance to Control and Restrictive Parenting in the Development of Externalizing Behavior, J. E. Bates, et al. Longitudinal Study of Co-occurring Psychiatric disorders and Substance Use, J. S. Brook, Ed.D., P. Cohen, Ph.D., D. W. Brook, M.D. Practitioner Review: Psychological and Educational Treatments for Autism, P. Howlin. A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Attachment Disorganization/Disorientation, E. A. Carlson. IQ Decline During Childhood and Adult Psychotic Symptoms in a Community Sample: a 19-Year Longitudinal Study, W. S. Kremen, Ph.D., et al. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of School Phobia, C. G. Last, Ph.D., C. Hansen, M.S., N. Franco, Ph.D. What Happens to Bad Girls? A Review of the Adult Outcomes of Antisocial Adolescent Girls, K. A. Pajer, M.D., M.P.H.
