Sexual education is the education to understand about cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and the sexual development of individuals to gain and accept different roles that correlates with sexual health, sexual activity, and sexual identity. The problem of this research is the increasing number of sex before marriage case in Indonesia. It is discovered that the number of male adolescent that have done sex before marriage is higher than that of female adolescent. Sexual education is known to lower the number of sex before marriage but a new problem emerges when parents, specifically fathers refuse to give sexual education to their male adolescent. This research has the purpose to know the reason and the communication barrier that makes fathers not want to give their male adolescent sexual education. This research is using a descriptive qualitative approach using the case study method from Stake (1995). Research is also using an in-depth-interview to gain data. The result of this research is that fathers who already gave their male adolescent sexual education is known to almost always communicate interpersonally with their male adolescent. Meanwhile, the fathers that hasn’t given sexual education is known to rarely communicate interpersonally with their male adolescent. The conclusion of this research is that interpersonal communication is very important to deepen the bonds between father and male adolescent and depending on their relationship, fathers will have an easier time explaining sexual education to their male adolescent.
With development and social change, spatial homogamy—the tendency to marry someone from the same area of origin—is expected to decline. In Indonesia, this phenomenon remains under-examined, and little is known about how young adults perceive it. This article explores patterns of spatial homogamy and the extent to which socio-spatial identities shape partner choice and marriage aspirations among young people in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Using the 2010 Population Census, we identify patterns and correlates of spatial homogamy defined as marriage within the same birth district. Guided by these results, we selected two contrasting sites with high and low homogamy levels and conducted in‑depth interviews and focus groups with 34 young people (aged 16–30) in 2019. Spatial homogamy was lowest in Yogyakarta City (39.5% of married couples) and highest in rural Gunung Kidul (89.9%). Younger age, higher education, and urban residence were associated with a lower likelihood of marrying within one’s district. Rural youth framed mobility as a way to move beyond marrying someone from the same village, while urban participants prioritised shared values and visions over geographic origin. Still, socio-spatial identities influenced partner choice across both contexts. Socio-spatial identities continue to shape partner choice and marriage aspirations even as education and mobility diversify partner pools, weakening—but not erasing— locality-based ties and preferences.
This study addresses the growing demographic transition in peri-urban Indonesia, where changing socio-economic conditions increasingly shape fertility behaviour yet remain underexplored from women’s subjective perspectives. It examines how young mothers construct their perceptions of ideal family size and make fertility decisions in Depok Subdistrict, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research involved married women aged 20–35 years with one or two children. Data were collected through in-depth interviews in Condongcatur and Maguwoharjo villages and analysed thematically.Findings indicate that most respondents perceive two children as the ideal family size, driven primarily by economic considerations, aspirations for quality childcare, and the need to balance reproductive and productive roles. Contextual variations arise from gender composition preferences and emotional motivations such as sibling companionship. Fertility decisions are influenced by household economic conditions, educational attainment, employment status, and the perceived function of family planning as a birth-spacing mechanism rather than a family-size determinant. Social pressure from extended families remains limited.This study contributes novel qualitative evidence on fertility norm internalisation in peri-urban contexts, highlighting how economic rationality increasingly replaces traditional pronatalist influences in shaping reproductive choices. It offers policy-relevant insights for context-sensitive family planning interventions.
Simpson’s probability-based diversity index has been widely used in many fields of study (e.g., ecology, economics, and social sciences). However, it has long been criticized for the lack of clear understanding of what is being measured. To address such a concern, the purpose of this study was to explain how Simpson’s probability-based diversity index can be formulated into an interaction-based diversity index (i.e., Lieberson’s interaction-based diversity index) and to highlight the importance of interpretability and decomposability in the measurement of diversity. Population estimates by race and ethnicity in the District of Columbia were used to demonstrate these points. Therefore, population diversity by sociodemographic groups may be conceived as the extent of interaction among two or more mutually exclusive groups. While further considerations are needed for Lieberson’s interaction-based diversity index to be effective in capturing the distributional pattern of population diversity in geographic space (e.g., handling different population sizes and incorporating spatial information), it may provide a new avenue for moving beyond the probabilistic meaning of diversity and for quantifying population diversity by majority or minority groups and/or by different combinations of majority or minority groups (e.g., two-group diversity, three-group diversity, and four-group diversity).
The viral social media phenomenon #KaburAjaDulu reflects high migration intentions among Indonesian Generation Z (aged 19–28) seeking better lives and career opportunities abroad. This phenomenon poses a potential brain drain issue that could impede the realization of the Golden Indonesia 2045 Vision. Therefore, this study addresses a fundamental research question: Does national resilience significantly influence Generation Z's migration intention, and how is this dynamic explained within the Theory of Planned Behavior framework?. In this context, national resilience is conceptualized as a nation's collective capacity to foster stability and optimism in facing adversity, thereby strengthening citizens' trust in their country's future. This research employs a non-experimental quantitative approach with a simple correlational design. The study subjects comprised 365 Generation Z respondents in Indonesia engaged with the trend, selected via accidental sampling. Data were collected using the National Resilience Scale (NR-13) and the Intention to Emigrate Scale. The hypothesis was tested using simple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that national resilience significantly reduces migration intention. This study demonstrates that national resilience is a crucial factor influencing decisions to migrate. Low levels of nationalism, unity, and trust in public institutions tend to increase migration intention. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening national resilience to retain quality human capital in Indonesia.
This study analyzes the role of collaborative leadership in the effectiveness of the 2025 Eid Transportation Post at Hunimua Ferry Port, Central Maluku. In the face of complex challenges such as high traffic volume, limited infrastructure, and cross-agency operational demands, this research adopts a qualitative embedded single case study design. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and institutional document analysis. Findings reveal that the success of the post is closely linked to leadership figures who perform three collaborative functions: steward (ensuring inclusive and transparent coordination), mediator (managing inter-agency relationships and resolving conflicts), and catalyst (driving adaptive innovation and cross-sector mobilization). These roles were effectively carried out by the Post Team Leader and the Post Manager, despite minimal institutional protocols. The prevailing leadership style identified was that of an organic leader, which fostered responsive coordination through informal networks. However, the absence of formal facilitation systems and integrated SOPs limits the institutionalization of collaboration. The study recommends the development of a hybrid leadership style that combines relational legitimacy with professional facilitation to ensure sustainable cross-agency coordination. This research contributes to the theoretical development of collaborative governance in the context of transport services and provides practical insights for institutional reform of temporary integrated command posts.
Maternal complications remain a critical challenge in Indonesia, where progress toward the SDGs target of reducing maternal mortality has been slow. This study investigates how education and the absence of health insurance shape complication risks. Using nationally representative data from the IFLS (2014/15), we analyzed 6,156 women’s last pregnancies across 20 provinces. Multilevel logistic regression models were estimated, with predictive margins used to explore education with parity and insurance interactions. Women with primary or less education had significantly higher odds of complications than those with post-secondary education (OR=1.41, 95% CI). Predictive margins revealed that education reduced risks at higher parities, while first births carried elevated risks across all education groups. Insurance effects were uneven: women covered by government schemes (JKN, Jampersal) had greater odds of complications (OR=1.32 and OR=1.36), while those with employer/private insurance showed lower risks (OR=0.61). Older maternal age (≥35 years) increased risks, whereas antenatal care visits did not show a consistent protective effect. These findings emphasized that education and health insurance remain crucial for maternal complications in Indonesia. Policies should therefore prioritize first-time and high-parity mothers with low education, while also strengthening JKN to deliver equitable services, so that women without private insurance are not systematically disadvantaged.
This study examines the demographic profile and policy implications concerning female-headed households in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Using a descriptive quantitative approach based on secondary data from the 2023 Population Administration Database, the analysis employed frequency distributions, percentage breakdowns, and simple visualizations to profile socio-demographic characteristics and spatial variations across districts. The analysis reveals that the majority of female household heads are elderly (57% aged 60 years and above), have low educational attainment (42.8% completed only primary school or less), and are engaged in informal or subsistence employment (over 67% work in unpaid domestic work, farming, or casual labor). These patterns suggest heightened socio-economic vulnerability and limited access to formal support systems. The study integrates insights from recent international literature, emphasizing the importance of psychological empowerment, adult education, and economic inclusion in improving the quality of life for female heads of households. Based on these findings, the study proposes region-specific policy recommendations focused on skill development, access to formal employment, expanded adult education, community-based psychosocial support, and inclusive social protection. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature on gender and household dynamics by offering a localized, data-driven analysis and proposing holistic policy interventions that respond to the unique socio-demographic realities of female-headed households in SPecial Region of Yogyakarta. The results aim to inform policy strategies that promote social equity and sustainable regional development.
The right to health can be fulfilled by eliminating the threat of stunting, which is primarily influenced by two major variables, poverty and the low level of education among women aged over 15. This paper analyzes the relationship between poverty, the duration of women’s education, and the prevalence of stunting in Riau Province. Women’s formal education has proven to play a critical role in reducing stunting rates by enhancing knowledge about nutrition and health. Poverty which entraps families becomes the main barrier to accessing education. A qualitative research method was employed, with data gathered through interviews, literature reviews, journals, and relevant media sources. The results indicate that basic literacy and numeracy skills acquired by women in school increase their awareness and capacity to prevent and manage stunting, thereby positively impacting the future of their children.
Social protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMWs) is a critical topic concerning the rights and welfare of migrant workers. This page covers different areas of social protection for IMW, including pre-departure planning, work in the target country, and reintegration upon return to the motherland. According to Law No. 18/2017, social protection is divided into three major stages that coincide with Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Although bilateral agreements with nations such as Hong Kong and Japan have had a favorable impact, issues in socialization, cross-country coordination, and monitoring in destination countries remain considerable. This study found that many IMWs are still uninformed of their rights, notably with Social Security Agency for Employment, due to a lack of information and access to adequate services. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of Maslow’s hierarchy with a policy-oriented framework for migrant worker protection, offering a fresh analytical lens to assess unmet needs at each migration stage. Recommendations include enhancing socialization, strengthening bilateral and international cooperation, digitizing services, enforcing stricter oversight, and improving reintegration and economic empowerment programs. These measures are expected to strengthen social protection for IMWs and ensure their welfare abroad.
Fertility is a critical aspect of demographic and health studies, directly influencing population growth and public health. This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyze fertility research from 2000 to 2020, utilizing VOSviewer software to visualize the relationships between key topics in the field. Through an extensive analysis of scientific literature from the Scopus database, the study identifies key research themes, such as low fertility, health surveys, reproductive technology, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that health surveys have consistently been a central focus in fertility research, providing essential data on fertility trends and their implications. Additionally, the emergence of reproductive technologies, such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), has been instrumental in addressing infertility, thus influencing fertility decisions globally. The study also highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted fertility behaviours, with many couples delaying childbearing due to economic and health uncertainties. The interconnectedness of topics like parenthood, fertility intentions, and socio-economic factors underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to fertility research. This analysis offers valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in developing strategies to address future demographic challenges and fertility-related issues.
Most studies refer to food as a symbol of salvation in Javanese beliefs. However, only some of these studies linked the interpretation of Javanese beliefs about the concept of salvation with values of environmental ethics. This research aims to uncover other interpretations of Javanese life ethics about environmental issues embedded in cultural rituals’ food symbols. The objects of this research are two traditions in Javanese society. First, Takir Plontang, ritual which is held by people of Junjung Village, Tulungagung Regency. Second, GrebegPancasila in Blitar City. The Javanese community organizes Takir Plontang Ritual at the beginning of the new year, Suro, by eating together at the village crossroads. As for Grebeg Pancasila, it is an annual activity of Blitar City to celebrate the birth of Pancasila every June 1 and this activity has five gunungan kirab festival as an expression of gratitude for the crops. The research used participant observation and interview methods to collect data. Unlike other Javanese ritual studies focusing on spiritual values in Javanese ceremonies which emphasize social cohesion, this study wishes to connect how far the concept of salvation symbolized through food in Javanese celebration ceremonies is linked to environmental ethics by balancing human and non-human relationships. The results showed that, in general, Javanese people connect Takir Plontang ritual as a gathering to pray for the salvation of their families and descendants. They believe that this ritual is a means to connect them with their ancestors and strengthen human inner power as a source of life balance. The imbalance between human inner power and the environment will cause disasters. As for the other ritual, people believe in seeking blessings from the crops in the five gunungan which have been prayed for in Bung Karno’s grave, has power beyond the world. People enthusiastically compete for part of the five gunungan as a form of gratitude for crops, respect, and blessings from God. Food symbolizes balance and salvation in rituals and festivals, highlighting nature as part of their lives and contributing to human welfare. However, nature is not valued as a subject/agency as the subject of ethics but as a medium and consequence in the relationship between people and their ancestors and spirits.
This study analyzes the process of electronic services at the Surakarta City Land Office and the role of digital leadership in improving service quality. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with data obtained through in-depth interviews with 18 informants, observations, and document studies. Data triangulation is carried out to ensure the validity of the information. The results of the study show that electronic services, such as electronic mortgage (HT-El), elimination of Mortgage Rights/electronic roya (Roya-El), and electronic land registration certificate (SKPT-El) increase efficiency, transparency, and accuracy in the management of land services. Digitization is carried out gradually through the conversion of physical documents into electronic documents with encryption technology for data security. The electronic dashboard integrated with the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) allows for direct supervision, increasing accountability and accelerating services. The success of digitalization depends heavily on visionary digital leadership. The Head of Office not only acts as a decision-maker, but also as a driver of change, motivates employees, and builds external collaboration. This leadership creates a strong digital culture, strengthens relationships with stakeholders, and encourages a change in digital mindset. Innovations such as electronic certificates, Certificate Printing Platform, and the “Sentuh Tanahku” application improve the quality of electronic-based services, especially in the E-S-Qual and E-Recs-Qual dimensions, providing an efficient, transparent, and responsive experience for users.
This study investigates internal migration in Indonesia using logistic regression to analyze the impact of nine independent variables: social participation, social capital, risk-taking attitudes, age, marital status, gender, education level, mobile phone ownership, and internet access. The data were derived from the 5th Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), which included 16,204 households and 50,418 individuals across 13 provinces. Respondents comprised of households’ head, their partners, and family members aged 15 years and older. The findings indicate that education level, internet access, marital status, and social capital significantly influence internal migration. Specifically, the contributions of these variables to explaining internal migration were 58.36% (OR: 1.401) for education level, 58.17% (OR: 1.398) for internet access, 51.63 % (OR: 1.068) for social capital, and 49.7% (OR: 0,987) for marital status, cumulatively explaining 1,55% of the variance in migration outcomes, with a Chi-square (X2) of 153,16 and p < 0.000. Based on these results, it is recommended that the government develop new economic growth centers, enhance social capital at the community level, and improve the information and communication technology infrastructure nationwide to optimize the benefits of internal migration for societal welfare.
Psychological resilience is an important factor in determining the mental well-being of migrant workers. Migrant workers are people who migrate or have migrated from one country to another who will be employed by anyone other than themselves. This study aims to determine the factors which influence the psychological resilience of migrant workers in Thailand, and how they adapt to challenges in the new environment. This study is a qualitative study. The subjects in the study were three migrant workers in Thailand. Data collection methods used were interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis used was data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the factors influencing the psychological resilience of migrant workers in Thailand can be grouped into two, specifically internal factors and external factors. These internal factors are spirituality, self-efficacy, optimism, self-esteem, hope, and hardiness. External factors are social and family support. Meanwhile, the description of the adaptation of migrant workers in Thailand to the challenges in the new environment can be grouped into three strategies: social adaptation, economic adaptation and cultural adaptation.
Artikel ini menganalisis isu koherensi kebijakan dalam pengembangan anak usia dini (PAUD) dengan mengambil kasus di Indonesia. Analisis difokuskan pada implikasi isu koherensi kebijakan pada capaian program PAUD dan bagaimana isu koherensi kebijakan ini mendorong pemerintah Indonesia untuk meminimalisasi inkoherensi kebijakan. Dalam hal ini, program PAUD dilihat sebagai bagian integral dalam upaya pembangunan sumber daya manusia (SDM) guna mendukung pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Dengan meneggunakan teknik analisis naratif data kualitatif yang dihasilkan dari wawancara pejabat tinggi pemerintah pusat, staf ahli lembaga internasional, dan Koalisis PAUD Nasional, studi ini menemukan bahwa inkoherensi kebijakan telah terjadi dalam program PAUD dan menghambat pencapaian kinerja program yang tinggi. Pemerintah merespons isu inkoherensi ini dengan beberapa mekanisme yang berusaha menumbuhkan koordinasi lintas sektoral. Temuan ini menggambarkan bahwa isu impelementasi kebijakan, terutama dalam aspek koordinasi dan harmonisasi realisasi program masih menjadi masalah serius dalam program PAUD atau dalam sekala makro, kebijakan pengembangan SDM. Berabagai pendekatan dalam PAUD dan SDM juga telah diterapkan namun kasus realisasi program di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan-pendekatan ini kurang berjalan karena isu inkoherensi kebijakan. Ini merefleksikan bahwa mempertimbangkan atau mengintegrasigrasikan konsep koherensi kebijakan dalam pendekatan tersebut sangat penting.
Covid-19 for three years has become an inseparable part of the lives of urban and rural communities. The impact occurs, such as the impact of Covid-19 on children. Children are a vulnerable part of society during a pandemic, about the conditions for their health, education, and protection. The role of the city in carrying out its duties as a public servant is important, where all stakeholders have an important role. Central Java, one of the provinces affected by Covid-19 has responded well with its adaptive programs. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach with a quantitative descriptive method, starting with an analysis of the role of stakeholders and programs related to Covid-19 prevention for children. The results of the analysis are continued by looking at the spatial pattern between cities and districts. Research data is taken from primary surveys through FGD and document review. The results of the study identify that not all city/district areas have a response to child protection during the Covid-19 pandemic, urban areas are more responsive to this condition. Increasing the role of protection for children during a pandemic is an important part of the process of returning to the new normal.
The national Youth Development Index (YDI) is still fluctuating. One of the provinces with a lower percentage change in YDI than expected is West Java, which is at the bottom of the list. This is ironic considering that 20% of Indonesia's total youth reside in West Java. In fact, during period 2018-2023, many programs were launched which focused on youth development, such as Patriot Desa. The presence of the Patriot Desa Program did not make the value of Youth Participation and Leadership increase. Therefore, this research aims to find out how the Patriot Desa Program impacts youth leadership development in West Java. The methodology used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach. The research was conducted in Sukaharja and Sukamakmur Village, Sukamakmur Sub-district, Bogor Regency. Data collection techniques through interviews the representatives of the West Java DPMD, Patriot Desa, village secretaries, youth organizations, and local champions. The program followed by young people who became Patriot Desas was able to have an impact on the development of individual and social leadership. In particular, the village patriots who served in the research locations were highly dedicated with a self-sacrificing attitude and always collaborated with various parties, so that they were able to bring about changes in the village in social, economic and environmental aspects. However, these things are also inseparable from the influence of pre-deployment orientation and the role of the regional coordinator who is very supportive as a mentor. Youth involvement in community empowerment programs can be a means of developing youth leadership. Therefore, the government needs to involve more youth in other programs so that there is an increase in the domain value of youth participation and leadership.
Fertility in Malawi has been declining since the late 1980s. Total Fertility Rate is reported to have declined by 1.1 children per woman from 5.7 in 2010 to 4.6 in 2015. This reduction indicates a continuing rapid decline in fertility in the country. In view of the foregoing, this study aims to examine the influence of the age structure of the population, nuptiality, and marital fertility on fertility in Malawi. This study used the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data from 1992, 2000, 2004, 2010, and 2015–2016. Standardization and decomposition methods were used to re-examine fertility trends in Malawi. The results confirms that fertility is declining in Malawi and the fall is clustered among women younger than 30 years of age. The contribution of marital fertility to the decline of Total Fertility Rate was 65.0% during the period 1992–2000, 89.5% during 2000–2004, 2.6% during 2004–2010, and 4.3% during 2010–2015, respectively. Over the same period, the respective contribution of the proportion married was 29.4%, 10.8%, 77.9%, and 92.6%. These percentages suggest that marital fertility followed by proportion of married were important factors before 2005. After 2005, fertility levels and patterns in Malawi are largely influenced by nuptiality. However, there is need for further studies to explain the marriage and fertility nexus in the Malawian context.
The increasing number of elderly people indicates that Indonesia has begun to enter the second demographic bonus. This stage can be beneficial if the elderly remain productive and contribute to development. One of the things closely related to the elderly population and remains the development capital is their work activity. In Indonesia, the percentage of elderly who work also continues to increase yearly. However, most of them have low per capita expenditure, indicating that their low welfare motivates the elderly to work. This research aims to study the general description and characteristics of the elderly and working elderly in Indonesia, examine the effect of per capita expenditure on their working status, and analyze the differences in the effect considering other variables. The data is sourced from the March 2023 National Socio-Economic Survey (NSES), and the study utilizes binary logistic regression with interaction effects. The results showed that per capita expenditure has a significant effect on the working status of the elderly, but the effect is different in terms of place of residence, age, gender, head of household status, marital status, education level, health complaint status, and ownership of health insurance.
