Background: Continuous consumption of sweetened condensed milk can inhibit the optimal growth and development of children aged 1-3 years. These consumption habits in toddlers impact their nutritional status, including the risk of being overweight, obese, and undernourished. This study aims to determine the determinants of sweetened condensed milk consumption in toddlers from a behavioral and social perspective in the Sekaran and Bandarharjo Health Center Area, Semarang City. Methods: This study employs quantitative research with observational and analytical methods, utilizing cross-sectional approaches. The respondents in this study were 100 toddlers residing in Sekaran and Bandarharjo Health Centers, Semarang City. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling, and data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis with frequency distribution, bivariate analysis with the Pearson statistical test or Spearman Rank correlation (α = 5%), and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results: Approximately 35.8% of children had been provided with sweetened condensed milk for no less than twelve months, while 41.2% were reported to consume it three or more times within a single day. The elevated intake of sweetened condensed milk observed in this study demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with lower maternal educational attainment (p = 0.028). Notably, although 51.0% of surveyed mothers acknowledged that sweetened condensed milk is a sugar-laden beverage with added milk content, it is still administered to toddlers. Conclusions: In conclusion, despite over half of mothers recognizing sweetened condensed milk as a sugar-rich beverage with added milk, its frequent administration to toddlers—often three or more times daily and sustained for over a year—is significantly associated with lower maternal education levels, highlighting a critical gap in nutritional awareness and practice. The consumption of sweetened condensed milk among toddlers remains relatively high, and this elevated intake is influenced by maternal education
Background: Measles remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia. The number of measles rose sharply from more than 4,800 cases in 2022 to over 10,600 cases in 2023. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between school-based immunization, access to health facilities, breastfeeding practices, vitamin A supplementation, integrated health post capacity, and the incidence of suspected measles cases at the provincial level in Indonesia. Methods: An ecological study design was applied using aggregated provincial level data from the Indonesia Health Profile 2024. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to examine the correlation between some independent variables with measles incidence as dependent variable. Result: In this study, several variables showed significant negative correlations with measles incidence of measles. Variables with significant correlations at p value<0.005 were number of children receiving school immunization (ρ =-0.930), number of regencies achieving 80% complete basic immunization (ρ=-0.730), number of students accessing health facilities (ρ=-0.798), number of babies receiving exclusive breastfeeding (ρ = -0.826) number of children receiving booster measles immunization (ρ=-0.659), number of babies receiving vitamin A (ρ=-0.505) and number of children under five receiving vitamin A (ρ=-0.477). Meanwhile, variables related to number of regencies receiving integrated health post training and activity levels 80% of active integrated health post did not show significant correlations with the incidence of measles (p value>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that school-based immunization, access to health facilities, breastfeeding, and vitamin A supplementation are correlated with the incidence of measles at the provincial level in Indonesia
Background: Adolescents in rural areas often face greater challenges with reproductive health problems than adolescents in urban areas, including more difficult access to health services, less access to reproductive health information, and limited social support. This affects the high prevalence of reproductive health problems such as teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and limited understanding of sexual and reproductive health rights The objective of this study was to explore the educational needs The purpose of this study is to investigate more comprehensively the needs of adolescents about reproductive health education in rural areas of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Method: This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, and data collection methods with in-depth interviews. The research participants consisted of 10 adolescents who lived in a rural area and were analysed using thematic analysis. Result: Four major themes were found from the results of this research, among others: adolescents' experience of getting education about reproductive health, challenges faced by adolescents around reproductive health education, the most appropriate person to provide reproductive health education to adolescents, and the need for adolescent education on reproductive health. Conclusion: The challenges faced by adolescents living in rural areas regarding reproductive health education:Adolescents feel uncomfortable discussing reproductive health with their parents, but feel comfortable discussing it with their peers, even though they cannot help them. The internet is still the main source for asking questions about reproductive health, but often they do not get the right answers.
Background: The Special Lung Hospital of North Sumatra Province, Medan, Indonesia is mandated by city regulations to implement the Smoke-Free Area (SFA) policy. In the fact, smoking by visitors and security personnel still occurs, posing health risks to patients and staffs. However, smoking activities by visitors and security staff were observed, posing health risks to patients and mployees. This study aims to analyse the implementation, challenges, and possible solutions related to the SFA policy. Methods: Using a qualitative case study design, six informants were interviewed, including the Hospital Director, Health Safety Environment Committee, security staff, employees, cleaning staff, and visitors. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, with triangulation used to ensure validity. Result: The study indicates that, although the policy has been implemented, its effectiveness remains limited due to weak communication, insufficient resources, a lack of commitment, and an inadequate bureaucratic structure. Major obstacles include poor coordination with the government in Medan, limited no-smoking signage, low compliance and awareness among staffs, a lack of a dedicated task force, and weak law enforcement without clear sanctions. Conclusion: Additionally, socialization and outreach regarding SFA regulations remain minimal. To strengthen implementation, proposed solutions include improving interagency communication, enhancing enforcement and signage, issuing a director's circular, reactivating cessation clinics, and fostering collaboration among hospital units to promote and supervise continuous SFA
Background: Public health graduates are increasingly expected to possess not only theoretical knowledge but also practical competencies such as task execution, adaptability, and effective communication. In Indonesia, however, assessment practices predominantly focus on cognitive domains, often overlooking essential workforce competencies. Methods: This study employs a descriptive case study approach at the Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, analyzing 18 group reports from the 2024 Field Learning Practice 2 (FLP_2) program. Assessment focuses on five competency dimensions defined by the Indonesian National Professional Certification Agency (BNSP): Task Skills (TS), Task Management Skills (TMS), Contingency Management Skills (CMS), Transfer Skills (TRS), and Job/Role Environment Skills (JRES). Results: Students demonstrated TS through systematic problem identification using the Multiple Criteria Utility Analysis (MCUA). TMS was evident in the planning and management of community interventions. CMS was reflected in effective responses to health crises, such as dengue outbreaks. TRS was noted for its ability to adapt to different socio-cultural environments. JRES was demonstrated through professional conduct in diverse institutional contexts. Authentic learning activities fostered readiness for complex public health roles. Conclusion: FLP_2 effectively evaluates comprehensive public health competencies. A shift towards performance-based, contextual assessment frameworks is essential for aligning education with workforce needs. Embedding such frameworks into curricula will enhance the quality and preparedness of graduates for addressing real-world challenges
Background: Retirement is a transitional phase that affects various life aspects, including social relationships. Many civil servants feel socially unprepared, leading to reduced interactions, increased isolation, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. This highlights the need for social readiness to support retirees' well-being. Therefore, this study describes the social relationship readiness of prospective retired civil servants in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted online via WhatsApp from November to December 2024, involving 171 prospective civil servant retirees who participated in the retirement preparation program organized by the Regional Civil Service Agency, using a consecutive sampling technique. The instrument used was the civil servant retirement readiness questionnaire by Mardova, which had been modified. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis (Spearman’s rho, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test). Results: Most respondents (60.2%) were categorized as "Ready" regarding social relationship readiness. There was a significant difference in social relationship readiness based on gender (p-value=0.005), where female respondents tended to be more socially prepared than males. Conclusions: Most prospective civil servant retirees are classified as socially ready. The level of social readiness among prospective retirees varies by gender.
Background: Athlete nutrition can indirectly improve athlete performance. One of the efforts to improve athlete nutrition is by providing additional food such as Tiliaya. Tiliaya is a traditional Gorontalo food that is believed to increase stamina, because it has high calories. This study aims to increase the physical activity of athletes through the intervention of reformulated tiliaya products. Method: This study used 20 respondents of Gorontalo Student Training and Education Program (STEP) Taekwondo athletes. The intervention was carried out for 3 months with the parameters measured, namely nutritional status based on body mass index, measurement of cholesterol levels (Cholesterol OxidasePhenol Aminophenazone/CHOD-PAP) and VO2max, before and after the intervention. Result: The results of the athlete's blood cholesterol test showed that there were 75.00% in the normal category and 25.00% in the high category. The results of T-Test of Cholesterol level and VO2Max significant for treatment group and not significant for control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the intervention of a reformulated food supplement, Tiliaya (using fiber creme as a substitute for coconut milk), has a significant impact on improving the physical fitness of STEP taekwondo athletes in Gorontalo, particularly by reducing total cholesterol levels and enhancing VO2max capacity
Background: Open Defecation Free (ODF) is the first pillar of the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) program. The ODF achievement in Cirebon City is 82%. However, one area in Cirebon City, namely Panjunan Village, has an ODF achievement of only 70%. This study aims to analyze the causes of low ODF. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was conducted in June-September 2024. The research subjects were residents of Panjunan Village, Cirebon City. Data were collected through six in-depth interviews and observations. Results: Based on the research results, there are several indicators that cause low ODF among the residents of Panjunan Village, including: Low literacy about CLTS, minimal support from cadres, as well as low awareness and community participation, in addition to limited sanitation facilities and infrastructure.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered children's daily routines, particularly increasing screen time, decreasing physical activity, and changing sleep duration, which may impact their physical and mental health. It is important to know how changes in physical activity and screen time can affect children's sleep duration before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study used a quantitative analytical observational cohort study method with 240 child samples aged 6–12 years in Semarang City. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The research instrument used the SMALLQ® questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used normality tests, Spearman-Rank tests to determine correlations, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare data. Results: The correlation between screen time and sleep duration was not statistically significant (p>0.05), while physical activity showed a significant positive correlation with sleep duration (r = 0.253 on weekdays, r = 0.21 weekly, p<0.05). Significant differences were found in screen time, physical activity, and sleep duration across the three periods (p<0.001), with increased screen time and decreased physical activity and sleep duration persisting post-pandemic. Conclusions: The pandemic led to lasting increases in screen time and decreases in physical activity and sleep duration among children. Promoting healthier routines is essential to mitigate these impacts in the new normal era.
Background: Children are vulnerable to air pollution, especially in their early life and so far there are no personal hygiene promotion strategies specifically aimed at addressing health threats or vulnerabilities in children in industrial areas. Therefore, the study aimed to determine teachers' views on air pollution and personal hygiene promotion strategies for children's health. Methods: This study used a quantitative method conducted with structured interviews. Respondents in this study were kindergarten teachers who taught in Ngaliyan District, totaling 95 teachers. The data analysis technique used was theme analysis technique. Results: Based on the interview results, teachers' views on air pollution are categorized as good. Respondents can mention sources of information about air pollution, causes of air pollution, the effect of air pollution on children's health, and diseases that arise due to air pollution. Teachers' views regarding personal hygiene promotion strategies are not good, especially in protecting children's health from air pollution. Conclusion: Teachers' views on air pollution are good but in personal hygiene promotion strategies, especially related to protecting children's health from exposure and the impact of air pollution, counseling, seminars, workshops, or similar activities are still rare. This study is expected to contribute to early childhood education, especially related to children's health.
Background: Education Youth4OSH e-learning is one of the ILO's efforts to reduce the high number of young worker accidents. This study aims to determine differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices of safety behavior during practicum before and after being given education through Youth4OSH e-learning. Methods: This research used a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study design, with a purposive sampling technique and a sample of 30 students in the control group and 31 students in the treatment group. Interventions involve OSH education through Youth4OSH e-learning, which is provided three times over three weeks. Data analysis utilized the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there was an increase in the scores of knowledge (p= 0.000), attitudes (p= 0.000), and practices (p= 0.000) in the treatment group. Furthermore, differences in enhancement scores of knowledge, attitudes, and practices between the treatment group and the control group are observed using the Mann-Whitney U test, which showed a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusions: There were differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices of safety behavior before and after receiving Youth4OSH e-learning education.
Background: The prevalence of stunting in Semarang City is the lowest compared to other districts/cities at 10.40%. Semarang City has not used a mapping system in handling stunting cases even though mapping stunting and its risk factors with GIS can help policymakers read areas that can be used as a basis for determining stunting-related programs because each region has different characteristics. Methods: This study combined an ecological study and mapping approach with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in 2022. The population in this study were all 16 sub-districts in Semarang City. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling. Results: The results showed that in the mapping of correlated risk factors, the variables of the percentage of households that have access to safe sanitation, percentage of households with shared toilet, percentage of LBW, percentage of pregnant women with parity >4, and percentage of pregnant women aged >35 years old were significantly associated with the prevalence of stunting. Conclusions: Sub-districts that can be prioritized for stunting prevention, treatment, and screening are Semarang Selatan, Semarang Utara, Semarang Tengah, Semarang Timur, and Tugu
Background: Indonesia is a country that is highly susceptible to natural disasters, particularly due to the frequent volcanic eruptions occurring on the island of Java. This situation underscores the importance of ensuring that students in disaster-prone regions are well-prepared for such events. Traditional outreach methods have often been deemed insufficient in enhancing students' understanding of disaster preparedness. In response to this challenge, this research introduces an innovative educational tool: modified "Disaster Snakes and Ladders" game. This game aims to improve students' readiness for a specific focus on the potential eruptions of Mount Merapi. The study’s objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the game in enhancing the understanding of disaster preparedness among students at Kepuharjo State Elementary School. Method: Employing a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach, the study selected fifty students through total sampling. Data collection involved administering questionnaires before and after game implementation. Analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed promising results: initial scores averaged 17.08, increasing to 17.92 post-test. Statistical significance was confirmed p-value of 0.016, indicating a substantial improvement in students' disaster preparedness knowledge. Conclusion: the Disaster Snakes and Ladders game effectively enhances elementary students' awareness and understanding of disaster preparedness, specifically geared towards Mount Merapi-related disasters.
Background: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia has generally experienced a decline, although not significantly. The issue of stunting is not solely caused by a single, simple factor; rather, it is influenced by complex factors. This study aims to analyze the factors associating with stunting in urban areas across Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey approach. The data were from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The sample in this study were children aged 6 to 23 months residing in urban areas across Indonesia. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associate between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Results: This study found that male (PR = 1.37), history of stunting at birth (PR = 1.41), low birth weight (PR = 2.13), history of tuberculosis (TB) (PR = 4.53) and family wealth status (PR = 2.28) were significantly associated with stunting status among children in urban areas. These factors were identified as key determinants, with their respective prevalence ratios indicating a substantial association with the prevalence of stunting in the population under study. Conclusions: In the urban context, there are predictive factors of stunting prevalence that require serious attention, such as having a history of TB illness and poor environmental health conditions
Background: Colostrum is important for babies because it contains many nutrients and body defense substances. The practice of breastfeeding is still lacking and they prefer to give MP-ASI the reason that the baby grows faster, some even believe that colostrum is excrement that must be disposed of. Constraints in giving colostrum are lack of knowledge and wrong beliefs, many mothers do not give colostrum to their babies, and colostrum will adversely affect the health of babies. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with colostrum breastfeeding.Metode: An analytical descriptive method with the cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was 100 postpartum mothers at the Kudus district health center taken by total sampling, the analysis of this research was carried out by chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The method used is the enter method. This entry method is carried out repeatedly by removing the independent variable that has the largest p value until leaving the independent variable which has a p value <0.05 in the Wald test. The research instrument used a questionnaire.Results: The most influential factor on colostrum breastfeeding for newborns was the support of health workers having a value (OR = 13,800, 95% CI = 1,570 – 121,266, p = 0.018 with) meaning that respondents who received support from health workers had a probability of 13,800 times the effect of colostrum breastfeeding in newborns compared to respondents who did not receive the support of health workers.Conclusion: There is a relationship between Knowledge, exposure to formula milk and support from health workers with colostrum breastfeeding and no husband support with colostrum breastfeeding
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic caused by infection with the CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) virus has become an event that threatens public health throughout the world. The disease caused by the corona virus is a new type of disease that was discovered in 2019 and has never been identified to infect humans before. Methods: quantitative research with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 180 respondents selected by purposive sampling technique. Knowledge and behavior data from respondents were collected through online and offline questionnaires distributed from August to October 2021. Data analysis used bivariate analysis. Results : the results showed that the majority of people showed good levels of knowledge about the pandemic Covid-19 (87,7%) and good practices (77,2%). Statistic results have shown p=0,000 meaning that there is a relationship between knowledge and prevention practices. Conclusions: Knowledge can influence the behavior of Indonesian people. Providing valid and well-targeted knowledge has an impact on improving behavior in community prevention efforts against Covid-19 infection.
Background: Depression that occurs in older people can interfere the psychomotor activities such as slowing body movements and verbal responses. The elderly who have depression will ignore themselves and their appearance and lose interest in interacting with other people which has an impact on decreasing their quality of life. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study using a cross-sectional approach to find depression among older people living in nursing homes. The sample size was measured by the Lemeshow formula 95% confidence interval with purposive technical sampling. A total of 103 elderly (those aged ≥60 years) lived in Padu Wau nursing home and Budi Agung nursing home, Kupang East Nusa Tenggara. Questionnaires were distributed to study participants consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, geriatric depression scale, sleep quality, and generalized anxiety disorder. Statistical analysis used descriptive and logistic regression analysis. Results: the average age of study participants is 74.51 years old (SD ± 7.73; min-max=61-90 years old). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that female (OR = 6.75; 95% CI = 1.89 to 24.12), sleep quality (OR = 12.08; 95% CI = 1.46 to 99.65), and anxiety (OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 1.04 to 11.94) is significantly associated with depression among older people who lived in nursing homes. Conclusions: female elderly, poor sleep quality, and anxiety contribute to the risk of depression in older adults. KEYWORDS: elderly; sleep quality; depression; nursing home
Background: Street Children are children who spend or spend most of their time on the streets, markets, shops and other crowded centers. One of the problems often faced by street children is reproductive health problems. Reproductive health problems that occur in street youth are free sex, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDS. Street children need competent assistances in providing education about reproductive health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs and potential of assistances in providing reproductive health education for street youth. Methods: This qualitative research involved 17 subjects who accompany street children. Data collection techniques with interviews and documentation. The research was conducted in 5 institutions that assist street children, namely 1) Mandiri RSPA, 2) Indonesian Gold Foundation NGO, 3) Anantaka NGO, 4) Setara NGO and 5) Rumpin Bangio NGO. The research was conducted from January-May 2021. Results: The results showed that the assistances had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices about reproductive health. Mentoring activities can provide positive motivation to street youth and minimize social deviant behavior. Mentoring activities received support from various parties such as UNICEF and the Semarang City Social Service. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude and behavior about reproductive health is an important capital in the implementation of reproductive health education for street children. KEYWORDS: reproductive health, street children, description of assistance behavior
Background: Policies regarding procedures for using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for medical record officers were needed during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the quality assurance of services in the medical record unit RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. Type of mixed methods research. Methods: Type of mixed methods research. This research was conducted from July 1 to August 15, 2020. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews, and the processing and analysis of research data were carried out using content analysis and quantitative methods. Results: RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarangalready have an SOP for the procedure for using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for medical record officers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Officers comply with the SOP for using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the pandemic. Conclusions: There has been an evaluation of hospital policy monitoring the use of PPE for medical record officers in the Covid-19 pandemic era. KEYWORDS: Policies; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); URM; Covid-19 pandemic era
Background: Enjoying natural beauty, fresh air, and beautiful scenery has become a necessity at this time. Identification of sanitation compliance and visitors' comfort level at tourist sites needs to be done to increase visitor comfort, which can increase tourist attraction. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the fulfillment of sanitation to the comfort level of visitors to tourist attractions. Methods: The research method used is cross-sectional, with the number of respondents as many as 100 people. The research location is in the tourist area of Kreo Cave, Semarang. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the fulfillment of sanitation and the comfort level of visitors to Kreo Cave (P-value <0.005) with a reasonably strong relationship strength (Rho: 0.370). Conclusions: The better the fulfillment of sanitation, the more perceived level of comfort by visitors. Fulfillment of toilet cleanliness, availability of water, friendliness of officers, and implementation of health protocols makes visitors feel comfortable at tourist attractions. However, in this tourist spot, it is necessary to install a disaster evacuation route signboard that has not been carried out by the tourist spot manager and improve the cleanliness of the food and beverage sellers. KEYWORDS: Sanitation; Comfort Level; Visitors; Tourist Attractions; Kreo Cave
