The objective of this study was to analyze the histopathological picture of the gills of gambusia fish exposed to cadmium. Fish were exposed to different levels of cadmium, namely, treatment A: 1 ppm; treatment B: 0.1 ppm; treatment C: 0.01 ppm; treatment D: 0.001 ppm; treatment E: 0.0001 ppm and control treatment. After 96 h of treatment, clinical symptoms were observed in the gills. The gills of cadmium exposed fish were then fixed using 10 phosphate-buffered formalin (NBF) for 24-48 h, cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The tissue analysis was done descriptively by looking at the tissue changes caused by cadmium exposure. Consistent histopathological changes were found in gills exposed to cadmium. © 2020, Agri. Bio. Publishers. All rights reserved.
In Indonesia, 1% of the population is suffering from Down Syndrome (DS) due to trisomy of chromosome number 21. The music with slow rhythms has impact to increase the learning concentration by the brain waves α. Monoaural beats music produced the harmony of the music frequency in range 8-12 Hz which provides a relaxing effect in human. The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of monoaural beats music on increasing cognitive, affective and psychomotor of children with down-syndrome. The study was conducted with purposive sampling and used 10 people of DS disease from Special Junior High School (SMP-LB) in Malang city as a sample. The music therapy treated for 15 min to the down-syndrome student's and observed their activities in the classroom. Indicators of activity included the focus of view, effective, cognitive and psychomotor. The results of the study showed that the therapy monoaural beats music improved the learning concentrations of down-syndrome students in focus of view and effective aspects.
