Growth and differentiating patterns of normal and malignant stratified epithelia of human cervix were compared with nucleic acid and protein measurement of 235 normal cells and 244 malignant cells with Caspersson's photoelectric microspectrophotometer.
ANALYSIS of mammary tumours occurring in C3H, BALB/Cf, and RIII mice has indicated the existence of strain differences in the characters of neoplasms1–10 (Table 1).
Humans become increasingly fragile as they age. We show that something similar may happen to states, although for states, the risk of termination levels off as they grow older, allowing some to persist for millennia. Proximate causes of their ...How states and great powers rise and fall is an intriguing enigma of human history. Are there any patterns? Do polities become more vulnerable over time as they age? We analyze longevity in hundreds of premodern states using survival analysis to help ...
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Transplantation Bulletin: May 1961 - Volume 27 - Issue 5 - p 565
Though the selection and administration of cytotoxic drugs is usually restricted to specialist units, all doctors should be aware of both the available treatment and its associated problems.This review concerns new cytotoxic drugs and some new applications of current drugs.It is largely confined to drugs marketed in the United Kingdom in the past five years and drugs from abroad that are currently used in the United Kingdom, although some mention is made of those still undergoing clinical trial which may be more widely used in the future.Many new drugs are analogues: they are the product of a search for a compound related to an existing cytotoxic drug that will retain or surpass its efficacy with a simultaneous reduction in toxicity.Current drugs and their analogues ALKYLATING AGENTS Alkylating agents-for instance, busulphan, cyclophospha- mide, melphalan, and mustine-prevent replication of nucleic acids by cross linking base pairs.Doses of all alkylating agents are limited by myelosuppression and gastrointestinal disturbance; haemorrhagic cystitis is dose limiting for cyclophosphamide.ANALOGUES OF ALKYLATING AGENTS Ifosfamide (Mitoxana) is structurally related to cyclophos- phamide.It may have better activity against non-small cell lung cancer and soft tissue sarcoma, but otherwise there is no convincing evidence of superiority over cyclophosphamide.Gastrointestinal side effects and haemorrhagic cystitis seem to be more severe than after cyclophosphamide but this may be related to differences in dose rather than in biological activity.Disturbances of consciousness have been reported after ifosfamide.Treosulfan (Treosulfan Leo) is a derivative of busulphan used to treat ovarian cancer.Like busulphan it is myelo- suppressive and causes skin pigmentation.
To determine cancer incidences accurately it is necessary to have adequate diagnostic facilities available to the population at risk, as well as demographic data on that population.The Jamaica Cancer Registry therefore restricts its activity to that region of Jamaica where these desiderata are fulfilled.Figures accumulated over a six-year period-1958-1963 inclusive-are now presented.FiG.1.-The island of Jamaica; elevations above sea level are shown.Geographical data.-Fig. 1 shows an outline of Jamaica giving elevations above sea level, Fig. 2 gives details on the parishes served by the Cancer Registry; these data include rock types, rainfall, background gamma radiation in micro roentgen per hour.Some climatological data are grouped in Table I.Kingston is in the rain shadow of the Blue Mountains (peak 7430 ft high),where moist North East trade winds lose most of their water.Consequently TABLE I.-Climatological Data for Kingston* Temperature in degrees F. Mean Hottest monthly average Coolest ,. .. Annual range Highest ever Coolest ever Humidity Sunshine 79 .Mean . . .80% .Jan.-
Der Einfluss einiger 4-Aminoanalogen der coenzymatisch aktiven Folsäurederivate auf die Enzyme der Folsäureumwandlungen wurde verfolgt. Die stärkste Hemmung zeigen alle 4-Aminoanaloge auf die Hydrogenase der Folsäure, wobei die Hydrierung des Pyrazinringes dieselbe deutlich vermindert. Eine mässige, jedoch deutlich schwächere Hemmung von nonkompetitiver Natur wurde bei der Hydroxymethyltetrahydrofolsäuredehydrogenase, Formiminotransferase und Leukovorincyclodehydrase festgestellt. Weiter wurde die enzymatische Hydroxymethylierung von Tetrahydroaminopterin durch Serinaldolase aus der Taubenleber beobachtet.
