Background Nigeria's human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rollout creates opportunities to strengthen adolescent vaccination through participatory, family-engaged approaches. We examined HPV vaccination uptake and associated characteristics among adolescent girls in a multi-state pilot using linked mother–daughter data. Methods We analyzed pilot data from 331 vaccine-naïve girls aged 9–14 years, 325 mothers/guardians, and 326 linked mother–daughter records across seven Nigerian states. The participatory approach combined community engagement, maternal HPV DNA self-sampling, and school- and community-linked access to routine HPV vaccination. The primary outcome was logbook-verified vaccination uptake. Exploratory associations were assessed using log-binomial generalized estimating equations to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of 331 girls, 314 (94.9%) received HPV vaccination, with complete outcome ascertainment. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded. In exploratory adjusted analyses, uptake was higher among Igbo girls (aRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.22) and girls of other ethnicities (aRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.19) than among Yoruba girls. Maternal income was positively associated with uptake (aRR per income category 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03). Associations involving maternal screening participation require caution because few mothers did not participate in screening. Conclusions HPV vaccination uptake was high among girls participating in this pilot. The exploratory findings suggest areas for further investigation but cannot establish intervention effectiveness or causal relationships. Larger studies should evaluate implementation processes, comparative effectiveness, and equity.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06728085.
