Vaccination has made the greatest contribution to global health of any human intervention apart from the introduction of clean water and sanitation Despite the successes, approximately 6 6 million children still die each year and about a half of these deaths could be prevented by vaccination The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the vaccine industry right to the forefront The expectation has never been this high to come up with innovative solutions to fight this terrible disease and to develop an effective vaccine in an unprecedented time frame Over the last several decades there has been a significant evolution in breakthroughs in bioprocess technologies to support vaccine development The advances in these technologies have greatly benefited vaccine development and manufacturing to achieve consistent product purity and quality, in a timely and cost- effective manner This article reviews the constraints and complexities in the vaccine industry, specifically in vaccine product development and manufacture;and describes the current trends in bioprocess development and manufacturing innovation and technologies to overcome these challenges, with an outlook into the future © 2021 TeknoScienze All rights reserved
Collaboration can be pivotal in making change happen. So how can new collaborative models be forged in areas where such relationships are not well established, but where change is required? In UK medicines manufacturing, there is an opportunity and a pressing need for progressive change. But there are also plenty of challenges and obstacles, particularly in a highly competitive and tightly regulated sector. A bold step forward has been taken through a collaborative £23m four-year project, ReMediES, involving 22 industry partners and 2 leading UK Universities. Dr Jag Srai and Professor Clive Badman, co-Directors of Project ReMediES discuss how the project has forged a model for change through collaboration.
We sought to demonstrate that hard x-rays can initiate a sequence of acatalytic photochemical reactions with the aim of creating molecular mixtures (O2 and F2) and then observe the two species react to form OF2 and with little introduction of heat. Two x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) studies of 1. KBF4 and 2. a mixture of KBF4 + KlO4 pressurized to 3 GPa in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) at ambient temperature at the 16 ID-D undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The spectrometer collected photons with energy losses around 680 eV near the fluorine K-edge. Fluorine K-edge x-ray Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the clear formation of a new peak near 682 eV energy loss after some 8 hours of irradiation and detection of the KBF4/KClO4 mixture which likely represents OF2 produced from the following reaction: O2+2F2 -> 2OF2 following irradiation of the mixture to release O2 and F2, respectively. from each constituent.
A scale-up of hazardous reactions in batch requires extensive safety investigations which can cause massive delays for the scaleup process of pharmaceutical intermediates and active molecules. Continuous flow chemistry as an enabling technology nowadays can help to reduce the safety hazards thus bringing back neglected chemistries into synthesis laboratories where in the past the application of those reactions often was avoided, One of those hazardous but very useful reagents is diazomethane which is a valuable Cl-building block for organic synthesis. A safe handling of diazomethane on larger scale in a batch reactor is almost impossible whereas the hazards of preparing and reacting diazomethane can be minimized significantly under continuous flow conditions. In the past, various groups developed flow procedures for an on demand preparation of diazomethane however most of them suffered from low productivity. In this article, the various existing methods are discussed, including the one, we recently developed to fill this gap.
This article provides a brief legal overview of the new Eurasian economic union (eaeu) technical reglament on safety of chemical products adopted on 4 march 2017. The new rules set out the unified eaeu mandatory safety requirements for chemical products placed on the market and provide a number of compliance procedures inspired by the eu reach/clp regimes. Although the entrance of the regulation into force is envisaged on 2 june 2021. it is conditional upon the adoption of extensive secondary legislation, which might be a challenging task.
Photo flow chemistry has become a very popular field of research. This work demonstrates that the recognized mass transfer and heat management of microreactors are superior to simple-tubular reactors commonly used in photo chemical research. Additionally. the benefit of using Light Emitting Diodes (LED) as a clean and efficient light source is shown by demonstrating the effect of two different light wavelengths on a reaction. The combination of a structured flow reactor and LED light source provides an efficient flow reactor that can also be scaled up.
Every year more than 40 million metric tons of electronic wastes are discarded worldwide and these wastes represent a problem due to their improper treatment, Presence of metals. plastics and ceramics in these wastes pose a threat for health and environment. Pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are employed for metal extraction from these wastes. However, of late, bioleaching is emerging one of the alternatives for recovery of metals. Chemolithotrophic bacterial strains are used and they accomplish bioleaching either by direct or indirect mechanisms. This review deals on the potential bacterial strains, their mechanism of action, factors involved, limitations and perspectives on bioleaching.
Sustainability represents an opportunity for businesses to explore new chemistries and development options that help to offer the best environmental protection, social responsibility and economic development practices. Applied to the chemicals industry, the term denotes those chemical processes that are environmentally friendly, socially and economically responsible and afford long-term benefits along the product value chain. Metathesis is one example of a chemical reaction that is widely considered to be both green and sustainable, with applications across multiple industries. In addition, the scarcity and economic value of precious metal complexes, which are essential for catalytic processes, have emphasised the need for robust metal recycling workflows. Both sustainable syntheses and environmental recycling procedures are essential for delivering long-term benefits in the industry.
Itaconic acid is a versatile biobased monomer with active research, and a modest market. Despite high hopes for its production in large volumes, in the beginning of this century, nowadays the acid production is around 40,000 tons/year and is projected to reach 52,000 tons/year in 2025, with sales around U$D 100 million/year. However, there is potential for development of this market with new insights for derivation of itaconic acid into classical monomers or even drop-in technologies. The market could reach about 170,000 tons/year in 2025, with 2.6 million dollars in sales (at U$D 1,500/ton), if the specialty polymers demand increases. The economy of scale, if this demand grows, could force a price reduction to the point that IA might be cheaper than several similar monomers. With its biobased appeal - there is no other natural unsaturated monomer that can be so easily produced by fermentation - and the slow transition of the ethanol industry to value-added biobased building blocks. IA tends to gain market in the near future. Currently, it is a prospective biomonomer waiting for market development.
