This article examines the attention and support of representatives of the Russian Imperial House toward the «three Athos» (the Russian St. Panteleimon Monastery on Mount Athos, the New Athos Monastery of Simon the Canaanite, and the «Russian Athos» in Crimea). It demonstrates that Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich played a key role in this regard. He became the first august pilgrim to the Holy Mountain, the Holy Land, and New Athos, contributed greatly to strengthening Russia's influence in the Middle East, and also showed interest in and supported the establishment of a domestic center for hermitage in Crimea. Many of his initiatives were supported by other members of the imperial family. All of this not only contributed to the development and prosperity of the monasteries (increasing their influence and authority, attracting pilgrims, and increasing the flow of donations) but also helped resolve a number of church and state issues. The Russian Athonite St. Panteleimon Monastery became one of the strongholds of Russian church policy in the Balkans and the Middle East, and the two «Athos» in the south of the Russian Empire, being spiritual and missionary centers, occupied a prominent place in the ecclesiastical, political, and social life of the country.
The article analyzes the coverage in the latest research of the emergence, ideology and activities of right-wing parties in the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century.
The article is devoted to establishing the exact number of children in the families of the Moscow elite in the second half of the XVI—early XVII centuries. It was revealed that there were 41 marriages for 22 men, of which 5 ended in divorce. Half of all men (11) were married two or more times. Of the 41 marriages, 13 were childless, while the remaining 28 accounted for 113 children. Of these, 83 (73,4%) died or perished in infancy and childhood. The reasons for such a high mortality rate are related, among others, to disgraces under Ivan the Terrible, on the eve of and during the Time of Troubles. These factors (as well as divorces) reduced the number of children born and the potential for children. However, external influences were not the main ones. A huge percentage of child mortality was in quite prosperous Godunov families. Obviously, the catastrophically high infant mortality rate was one of the reasons for the extinction of many clans of the Moscow aristocracy
