Introduction Thalassemia, a group of recessively inherited disorders, is characterized by persistent anemia of varying severity and diminished or nonexistent hemoglobin synthesis. Approximately 80 - 90 million individuals, including approximately1.5 percent of the population, are affected by β thalassemia. Beta thalassemia is associated with more than 200 identified mutations. The elevated prevalence of thalassemia in the area extending from sub-Saharan Africa to the Middle East can be attributed to the evolutionary link between malaria resistance and the thalassemia carrier state. Methods This study included 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) with β-thalassemia major (β-TM). The subjects were classified into two groups: Group 1 (G1) included individuals diagnosed with a body mass index (BMI) below 30, while Group 2 (G2) included individuals with a BMI above 40. A third group of healthy individuals without any known medical conditions was included as a control group (G3). Blood samples were collected, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of P-selectin and PSGL-1. Results The results showed that PSGL-1 may be a more reliable diagnostic biomarker. P-selectin was also found to be useful, although less effective, particularly in identifying obesity-related conditions in individuals with lower BMI. Discussion This study aimed to evaluate P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) as potential biomarkers in Iraqi patients with β-thalassemia major and to assess the effect of obesity on their serum levels. Conclusion These findings may help improve the understanding of the relationship between obesity and hematological complications in patients with β-thalassemia.
Introduction Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, particularly in developing countries. Zinc levels are involved in the outcome of sepsis, as they influence the function of the immune system and cytokine activity such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Data regarding the association between zinc and neonatal sepsis remain limited. Methods This observational, analytical, cross-sectional study investigated the correlation between zinc and IL-6 in neonates with neonatal sepsis. Participants were divided into a control group and a sepsis-risk group. Serum samples were analyzed for zinc by titration and for IL-6 by enzyme immunoassay. Results A total of 69 neonates were recruited and were divided into a control group of 34 neonates and a group at risk of sepsis of 35 neonates. Zinc levels in the sepsis-risk group were significantly lower than in the control group (57.34 ± 8.89 µg/dL vs. 80.47 ± 13.80 µg/dL, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in IL-6 levels between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum zinc levels and the risk of sepsis (correlation coefficient = -0.548, P < 0.05). Discussion This study demonstrates that lower serum zinc levels are associated with a higher prevalence of sepsis risk in neonates, suggesting that susceptibility to sepsis in the early neonatal period may be associated with zinc status. The absence of a significant difference in IL-6 levels between groups may have been influenced by the timing of sample collection, as subjects were identified based on sepsis risk factors rather than confirmed infection. Conclusion Neonates at risk for sepsis had lower serum levels of zinc but not the level of IL-6 when compared with healthy neonates. These study findings support a relationship between the neonate's zinc status and its early immune status. Further research is required to establish its effectiveness in a clinical setting.
Failure of dental implants due to inadequate osseointegration continues to pose a major clinical issue, with increasing evidence suggesting that systemic and genetic factors play a role in the outcomes. It is proposed that vitamin D deficiency and genetic variations, such as those in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, may affect bone metabolism and the success of implants. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels and VDR gene polymorphism (SNP rs228570) with dental implant osseointegration success or failure. A case-control study with 42 cases of implant failure and 42 controls with successful osseointegration was conducted in patients aged 31–60 years. Sociodemographic, clinical, and periodontal parameters were analyzed, and VDR SNP rs228570 was genotyped using real-time PCR, and serum vitamin D, TNF, and IL-6 levels were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v28.0, with univariate and multivariable logistic regression with significance (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between VDR gene polymorphism (SNP rs228570) and implant failure (p > 0.05). However, there is a significant association between higher vitamin D levels and successful osseointegration. Vitamin D levels were significantly higher in the successful group (36.85 ng/ml ± 11.55) compared to the failed group (17.03 ng/ml ± 9.16) (p < 0.001). Clinical parameters revealed significant differences, with the successful group showing lower bleeding on probing (BOP) at 25.15% (SD ± 5.31) compared to 42.46% (SD ± 7.59) in the failed group (p < 0.001) and a shallower probing depth of 2.21 mm (SD ± 0.85) compared to 5.62 mm (SD ± 1.32) in the failed group (p < 0.001). Biochemical markers such as TNF and IL-6 did not show significant differences between the groups, P-value = 0.181 and 0.186, respectively. The study highlights the importance of vitamin D levels and clinical parameters such as BOP and PD in predicting osseointegration outcomes. The study highlights the importance of vitamin D levels and clinical parameters such as BOP and PD in predicting osseointegration outcomes. Although VDR gene polymorphism showed no significant association with implant failure, higher vitamin D levels were positively correlated with successful osseointegration. These findings suggest that optimizing vitamin D levels and managing peri-implant health may improve dental implant success rates, emphasizing clinical over genetic predictors.
The rapid evolution of health monitoring technologies has transformed the landscape of chronic and preventive healthcare, with applications spanning diabetes, cardiovascular, and general health management. Continuous glucose monitoring systems, wearable electrocardiography (ECG), and mobile health applications provide real-time, accessible data to support early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and proactive patient engagement. This review aims to systematically examine current health monitoring technologies, their diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes, and implementation challenges. A systematic literature search of 55 peer-reviewed articles was conducted, focusing on diabetes and cardiovascular monitoring devices, general health trackers, and methodological approaches in health monitoring. Findings indicate that diabetes monitoring technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors, significantly improve glycemic control and reduce emergency hospitalizations. Cardiovascular health monitoring technologies, including wearable ECG and blood pressure devices, demonstrate potential in early detection and continuous risk assessment. General health monitoring tools, particularly fitness and wellness applications, show effectiveness in promoting preventive behaviors, though long-term efficacy remains uncertain. Common challenges identified include data security, integration into healthcare systems, and reliability across diverse populations. This review underscores the strengths and limitations of these technologies and highlights the need for robust data management strategies and evidence-based integration into clinical practices. Future research should focus on enhancing interoperability, addressing privacy concerns, and evaluating outcomes across diverse populations to fully harness the potential of health monitoring technologies in clinical and community health settings.
Depression is a psychological illness defined by persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities (anhedonia), hopelessness, and a range of cognitive and physical symptoms. Untreated depression can have serious implications, such as a deteriorating mental and physical state and an increased risk of suicidal behaviour. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent these adverse outcomes. Traditional diagnostic approaches primarily rely on self-reported symptoms, clinical evaluations, and questionnaire-based assessments, which, although significant, may vary and depend on perspective, necessitating the exploration of biological markers. This narrative review is based on the existing literature regarding the role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the neurobiological function and evaluates its potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of disease progression. The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is the most common neurotrophin abundantly present in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, and it is found in both serum and plasma. In the context of depression, BDNF has a fundamental function in the serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic pathways, which are linked to the progression of clinical depression and are implicated in mood regulation. An extensive quantity of research on BDNF supports the neurotrophic theory of depression. According to this theory, low BDNF levels cause neuroplastic alterations such as neuronal atrophy, impaired hippocampus neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, contributing to its inception and progression. Several clinical findings consistently established that people with depression show lower levels of BDNF, with these levels generally increasing after successful antidepressant therapy, further supporting this hypothesis. This article provides an overview of BDNF's effect on the aetiology of depression, highlighting its significance as a possible marker.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. Prodromal GI symptoms often precede motor symptoms, potentially serving as early indicators of the disease. This study aimed to assess the prodromal GI manifestations in idiopathic PD and explore their correlation with disease onset. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 41 idiopathic PD patients and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical assessment was performed using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). GI symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for Parkinson’s Disease (GIDS-PD), Gastrointestinal (GIT) Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (GIT-NMSS), and ROME IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The relationships between GI symptoms and various disease characteristics were then examined through correlation analysis. PD patients exhibited significantly higher GI dysfunction compared to controls (p < 0.001), with constipation, drooling, and dysphagia being the most prevalent symptoms. The GIDS-PD total score was significantly correlated with disease duration, duration of GI manifestations, NMSS domain 6, and specific MDS- UPDRS items (constipation, drooling, and chewing/swallowing difficulties), with the most predicting variable being disease duration. Notably, GI symptoms often precede motor symptoms for several years. Prodromal GI symptoms are common in idiopathic PD and correlate with disease progression. These findings suggest that early recognition of GI disturbances could facilitate earlier diagnosis and intervention, potentially improving disease management and patient outcomes.
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a retinal vascular disease caused by hyperglycemia, is the most common microvascular consequence of diabetes that affects a significant proportion of young adults. The transition from the non-proliferative to the proliferative stage results in vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and ultimately irreversible blindness. Currently, there are no effective interventions to support the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Non-invasive methods, such as AI-mediated deep learning, are useful for screening and diagnosing DR once visual changes become evident. These methods also help assess whether current treatments are improving vision. Furthermore, existing pharmaceutical therapies are typically employed only when vision is already impaired. Therefore, to predict the onset of the disease, monitor its progression, and identify new therapeutic targets, it is crucial to search for optimal biomarkers that have high specificity and sensitivity related to the pathogenesis of DR. This narrative review aims to address the regulation of circulating biomarkers in DR, with a particular emphasis on its pathogenesis, which includes inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration, as well as the associated therapies. It also discusses the role of nutritional factors in DR and highlights studies conducted on human populations to date. A review was conducted using databases from the Cochrane Library and search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Scopus. The study included Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with or without diabetic retinopathy. Exclusion criteria includedstudies conducted in Gestational diabetes mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes mellitus, editorial, pilot studies, conferences, abstracts, interviews, thesis, and unpublished work. Results: Based on the putative molecular targets of these biomarkers, future research may successfully create novel therapeutics to reduce the overall burden of the disease and enhance the visual outcome of diabetic patients Ultimately, this could improve patients' quality of life by reducing the impact of vision loss and alleviating the overall burden of the disease.
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multi-component systemic disease with elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in stable conditions and during exacerbations. Serum CRP is an important biomarker and increased CRP levels lead to diminished lung function, decreased stamina to exercise, and poor quality of life in COPD patients. Aim This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum CRP levels and the impact of various risk factors and associated morbidities among patients with COPD attending a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar. Methods 205 stable COPD patients were enrolled. The CRP levels were analyzed with reference to the patients’ sociodemographics, clinical profiles, symptoms, and risk factors. Results In our study, more males were enrolled. It was observed that most of them were in the age group of 51-60 years, residing in urban areas, and belonging to a lower socio-economic group living in houses with no proper ventilation. A significant proportion of COPD patients had exposure to smoke, biomass, or dust for 20 years or more. There was no significant difference in age distribution and socio-economic status across genders. Urban slums (p = 0.048), illiteracy (p < 0.0001), ventilation status (p = 0.0009), and exposure to tobacco, smokeless tobacco, dust, etc. (p < 0.00001), were significant factors. 73% of male and 59% of female COPD patients were taking both oral and inhaler medicines. The majority of COPD patients had normal BMI. Females had a higher prevalence of wheezing symptoms (p < 0.00001), obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0), pre-diabetes (p = 0.044), and diabetes (p = 0.0200). 13% of male COPD patients had hypertension. 55% of the COPD patients had 3-10 mg/L of serum CRP, and 81% were in stage 1, 12% in stage 2, and 6% in stage 3 (GOLD). No significant gender difference in GOLD stage, duration of COPD, medication type, and hospitalization rates was observed. A higher proportion of males exhibited night/morning cough and an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70% predicted value. The differences in CRP levels across stages were statistically significant. The findings have provided valuable insights into the inflammatory status of COPD patients based on CRP levels, varying symptomatology, and lung function impairment. Conclusion COPD patients, in general, have increased levels of CRP; this emphasizes the measurement of CRP in stable COPD patients.
Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) is an essential lipid metabolism enzyme affecting both the brain and peripheral tissues. Its impact on neuronal lipid homeostasis, synaptic function, and plasticity is increasingly recognized. This review explores the various functions of LPL in the brain and how it may affect neurological health, especially in Alzheimer's disease. We explore how LPL regulates lipid uptake and utilization in the brain, its influence on synaptic function, neurogenesis, and myelination, and its role in the pathophysiology of AD. Genetic and environmental factors modulating LPL activity are also discussed. The review provides insights into LPL's role in neurodegenerative diseases, acknowledges current limitations and challenges in research, and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting LPL for AD treatment. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of LPL in maintaining brain health and its promising potential as a therapeutic target for AD.
Aim Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, cardiometabolic diseases remain a major worldwide health problem. A new direction in identifying biomarkers that increase diagnostics predictive potential is the study of the WNT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Experimental and clinical studies have provided mixed evidence that determined the purpose of the study. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of the production of certain JAK/STAT and WNT signaling proteins in cardiometabolic pathology patients. Materials and Methods The research involved patients with myocardial infarction and cardiometabolic syndrome, as well as healthy individuals. Measurement of proteins STAT-1, STAT-3, STAT-6, β-catenin, sclerostin, WIF-1, GSK-3 α, and β, DVL-1 serum concentrations was carried out by ELISA. Results We established a wide range of JAK/STAT and WNT signaling protein values in the patient’s blood serum. In cardiometabolic syndrome, there was an increase in the concentrations of β-catenin, DVL-1, GSK-3α, and GSK-3β and a decrease in STAT-1, 3, compared with healthy individuals. During myocardial infarction, an increase in β-catenin, WIF-1, and DVL-1 and a decrease in sclerostin, GSK-3α, STAT-1, STAT-3, and STAT-6 were recorded compared with healthy individuals. The most significant intergroup differences were found for β-catenin, WIF -1, DVL-1, GSK-3α and STAT-6. Statistically significant correlations between the levels of a number of JAK/STAT and WNT signaling proteins and lipid profile parameters were revealed. Conclusion The data received about changes in the production of proteins of the WNT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways expand the molecular mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases' immunopathogenesis understanding.
Background and Aim Although α-fetoprotein (AFP) is the main marker used for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), its sensitivity and specificity as a screening tool have been questionable. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been involved as a prognostic tool for many diseases and cancers including liver diseases. Still, its role in the diagnosis of HCC needs to be identified. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical importance of RDW as a novel marker in the diagnosis of HCC in Egyptian cirrhotic patients. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 162 cirrhotic patients who attended Tropical medicine department clinics and inpatient wards at the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University. Then they were divided into 2 groups of 81 patients each depending on their diagnosis with or without HCC (group I and group II respectively). Complete blood picture (CBC) that included red cell distribution width- coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) and AFP were obtained from all patients. Results There was a statistically significant elevation in RDW-CV in the HCC group as its mean± SD was 15.2.± 1.86 in HCC group versus 13.8 ± 1.99 in non HCC group (P<0.001). In addition, AFP was significantly elevated in group I than in group II (P<0.001). RDW-CV at a cut–off >14% had a 66.76%sensitivity and 61.73%specificity while AFP at a cut-off value>20 ng/ml had a 60.49%sensitivity and 79.01%specificity in the diagnosis of HCC. The combination of RDW-CV and AFP increased the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of HCC(72.84% and 87.65% respectively) than each marker alone. Conclusions RDW may be considered a novel and cheap biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC either alone or in combination with AFP as it is readily available in CBC and does not need sophisticated techniques.
Aim The study aimed to evaluate biomarkers, ratios, and indexes as flags of coronary obstructions in women with established coronary atherosclerotic disease regardless of diabetes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 confirmed atherosclerotic coronary female patients, stratified into diabetic or not and scheduled for angioplasty or coronary graft bypass surgery. Blood samples were collected immediately before coronary intervention for laboratory determinations, such as glycemia, HbA1c, insulin, HDL-C, PON-1, free cholesterol, LDL-C, Apo A-1, Apo B, and TG. Results In diabetic patients, insulin was positively correlated with triglycerides (p < 0.0108; r = 0.2009), apo B (p < 0.0006; r = 0.3737), non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.0084; r = 0.2156), and free cholesterol (p < 0.0084; r = 0.3251). Applying a linear regression model, insulin from diabetic patients showed an association with glycemia, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.9868), but in non-diabetics, the association was only found between insulin and HOMA-IR (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.9031). On the other hand, using triglycerides as a dependent variable, its association has been found in both groups, but only with HOMA-IR (diabetics: p = 0.006, R2 = 0.2504; non-diabetics: p = 0.014, R2 = 0.4697). Also, the TG/HDL-C ratio was higher than 2.5 in 90% of diabetics and 83.33% of non-diabetic patients. Conclusion The high prevalence of females with a TG/HDL-C ratio above 2.5, the association among insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG/HDL-C, and correlations with apoB, non-HDL-C, and free cholesterol, should be evaluated as flags of female precocious coronary atherosclerosis.
Background The prevalence of Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) is highly variable at different stages of liver disease: in compensated patients 10%, in decompensated patients 17%, in acute decompensated cirrhosis 9%, and in post-liver transplantation patients 2-26%. Aim The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of systemic thrombolysis in acute portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods A total of 10 compensated cirrhotic patients with acute portal vein thrombosis were examined by abdominal ultrasonography with color Doppler and Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography. Continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(r-tPA.) and Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was used to treat all patients for a maximum of 7 days. Patients were followed up for improvement of clinical symptoms and radiological by abdominal ultrasound with color Doppler and contrast-enhanced computerized tomography. Results The regimen of therapy was found to be well-tolerated by all the patients. At the end of the seven days, six patients (60%) had full recanalization of the portal vein, while three had partial recanalization (30%) and no recanalization in only one patient (10%). Conclusion The preliminary data indicate that systemic thrombolytic therapy combined with low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of PVT appears to be safe and effective over a few days with no clinically significant side effects.
Introduction: During pregnancy, maternal lipid metabolism undergoes several transformations originated by hormonal changes. There are two distinct phases: initial and late, finally driven to hypertriglyceridemia. Maternal hyperlipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, is associated with an increased hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis stimulated by high estrogen levels during gestation. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the action of possible lipoproteins remodeling modulators, such as phospholipid and cholesteryl-ester transfer proteins (PLTP and CETP), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and apolipoproteins (apo), during gestation. Methods: An observational prospective cohort study composed of 40 pregnant women was conducted. Blood samples were collected in two moments: at the first and third trimesters of gestation, followed by the biochemical determination of apo A-I, apo B, lipid profile, PON-1, PLTP and CETP activities, and HDL particle size. Results: The majority of pregnant women in the third trimester showed dyslipidemia, mainly hypertriglyceridemia. In the third trimester of gestation, we observed an increase in CETP activity (70.5 ± 9.6 pmol/µL/h; p <0.001) and TG/HDL-C ratio (2.7 [2.0-3.8]), but on the other hand, PON-1 activity (65.4 [46.5-105] nMol of p-nitrophenol/min/mL) decreased. High-density level lipoprotein (HDL) particle size and PLTP activity did not differ in the two studied moments. The serum triglyceride concentration and CETP activity showed a positive linear correlation in the first trimester of gestation (r2=0.65, p<0.001). Conclusion: Data suggest that the CETP activity, antioxidant profile, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) remodeling are modified by physiological metabolic changes during an uncomplicated gestational period.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the non-communicable metabolic disorders associated with serious thrombotic outcomes and risk of cardiovascular disease, which can be fatal. Aim: This study was therefore aimed at comparing the levels of haemostatic and haematological parameters of T2DM and non-diabetic subjects. The study also determines the relationship between haemostatic parameters with haematological parameters among the T2DM subjects. Methods: Total of 150 participants, comprising “75” of those with diabetes and those without diabetes, were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of full blood count, Factor V, VII, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (TPA I-1). Test of significance of means was carried out using the One-Way Analysis of variance test, while relationships were tested using Pearson correlation and logistic regression. Results: The results revealed significantly higher levels of Factor V, VII, and TPA I-1 among participants with diabetes when compared with those without diabetes. However, significantly lower levels of red cell parameters and red cell indices were observed in the participants with diabetes. In addition, with the exception of lymphocyte and eosinophil levels, all other white blood cells(WBC), platelets, and differential leukocyte parameters were significantly higher in the subjects with diabetes. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Factors V and VII, TPA I – 1 and Factor VII, TPA I-1 and platelets, Factor VII and Haematocrit (HCT) levels in diabetic subjects. Conclusion: Conclusively, the correlation between pro-coagulant and hypofibrinolytic factors may be accountable for the hypercoagulability and thrombotic events which characterize T2DM, thereby providing an insight into factor-specific management of the disease with haematological parameters assisting routinely predict factor levels thereafter increasing the ease of prognosis of T2DM.
Introduction: Cytoglobin (Cygb) is an oxygen transporter marker that appears in hypoxic conditions. The clinical condition of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, in general is that patients experience hypoxemia with low oxygen saturation. The Cygb gene is stimulated by the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) transcription factor, which is stable in hypoxia. Methods: This study investigates Cygb expression in hypoxic COVID-19 cases. The design of this research is analytically observational. Parameters measured were Cygb mRNA and protein levels, correlation of HIF-1α and Cygb proteins in COVID-19 patients with Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron variants and negative control patients. Results: The results showed that each Cygb mRNA level decreased by 0.50, 0.92, 0.75 and 0.84 times that of the control. In contrast, Cygb protein levels (ng/mL) increased (16.95; 20.33; 21.20; 14.01 and 6.29 control). Strong negative correlation between mRNA and Cygb protein (R = -0.611). Strong positive correlation between HIF-1α and Cygb protein (R = 0.670). Conclusion: This study showed that Cygb mRNA expression decreased, further increasing Cygb protein; HIF-1α protein levels increased, further increasing Cygb protein. In COVID-19 patients (Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants), there is an increase in Cygb protein levels through stimulation of HIF-1α, which is stable under hypoxic conditions. The regulation of Cygb in this study has the potential to become the basis for handling cases of viral infections or other cases of hypoxia.
Recently, more attention has been paid to identifying biomarkers for epilepsy to direct a more personalized treatment strategy, especially for patients who suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy which carries a much poorer prognosis. microRNA has emerged as an important and diverse type of biomarker that can participate in metabolic and cellular processes of the disease and, importantly, can be detected in patient’s serum. In this short review, we compile state-of-the-art evidence regarding miRNA-146a, a novel biomarker that shows high potential for studying epileptogenesis, monitoring disease progression, evaluating treatment response, and may even function as a therapeutic target given its role in the process of neuroinflammation.
Background: The carbon family nanoparticles are less reviewed for their impact on organisms associated with oxidative stress physiology. Methods: This review was carried out after collecting literature on the above topic from various sources, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The carbon family nanoparticles have tissue-specific impacts on various organisms, which are evident at the molecular level. Conclusion: The carbon nanoparticles and molecules of its family need to be very judiciously released as waste to the environment as they may impart toxic effects on organisms.
Background & Aims Bleeding gastroesophageal varices are a cause of high mortality among cirrhotic patients. We aimed to investigate late mortality predictors and prognostic models using easily verified factors at admission in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB). Methods Between January 2020 and June 2020, 142 patients with AVB from Tanta university hospital were included. Investigating multiple prognostic models was done using multiple logistic regression after identifying significant predictors of 6 months' mortality. Mortality prediction accuracy was assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results The 6 months’ overall mortality rate was 31% (44 patients had died). AIMS56, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) grade C and MELD scores were significantly higher among non survivors (p<0.001) while Platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) was significantly more negative among survivors (P=0.001). Hepatocellular carcinoma was not significantly related to the mortality (p =0.364). Univariate analysis showed that high CTP, MELD, AIMS65 and PALBI scores were predictors of mortality and associated with decreased survival with high sensitivity and low specificity; while multivariate analysis showed that only AIMS56 was independently associated with mortality (p 0.004). Conclusion CTP, MELD, AIMS65 and PALBI scores are simple, bed side risk scores that can be used for the prediction of 6 months’ mortality after AVB in cirrhotic patients with high sensitivities and lower specificities.
Aim: The aims of the research were to study the citation history of popular articles in the field of biomarkers in personalized medicine, to study the use of terms in the sections of articles, and to consider the key terminology of the most-cited articles and its visualization. Background: The article describes approaches to the analysis of publication activity in the field of biomarkers and personalized medicine based on the data from the Web of Science. Objective: The aim of this study is a bibliometric and semantic analysis of the investigation field related to the application of biomarkers for the purposes of personalized medicine. Methods: The evaluation of a number of publications and its’ citations was carried out. The key terms extracted from the most-cited articles were divided into thematic groups. The number of citations of the most popular articles since 2011 was estimated. Results: The citation histories of the top ten articles were considered. Analysis of key terms from different parts of the most-cited articles included statistics and thematic ranking. The comparison of key terms from the most-cited article and the citing articles allowed us to show that the key terminology of the cited article extends to the citing articles. We presented the key terms of the most-cited articles as a terminological map. Conclusion: The study of citation of the articles in the field of personalized medicine and biomarkers was based on a survey on the Web of Science. Based on the analysis of a number of citations the trends and citation histories were constructed. The statistical and thematic analysis of the use of keywords in different sections of articles was done. We have shown that the citing articles spread the key terms of the cited article to identify trends in knowledge development which could be presented as a terminological map. Others: We presented the results in the form of a terminological map of the latest developments in the field of biomarkers in personalized medicine based on proposed principles.
