The training of aviation professionals requires not only a high level of technical knowledge but also the development of psychological resilience, self-regulation, and the capacity for active personality development. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of a programme integrating sports, health-promoting, and psychological interventions on the personality development and professional competencies of future pilots. The study involved 116 cadets aged 17–22 years, divided into an experimental group (58 participants) and a control group (58 participants). In the experimental group, a personality development algorithm was implemented, which included individual coaching, self-regulation training, and the pedagogical strategy “Challenge and Support” within the sports and health-promoting module. The data indicated positive trends in key psychological mechanisms in the group exposed to the formative intervention. In the experimental group, self-control increased by 28.3% (from 61.2±3.1 to 78.5±2.9 points, p<0.001), reflecting enhanced volitional regulation and the ability to maintain discipline under stressful conditions. The planning indicator, as a marker of executive functions, increased by 21.5% (to 18.1±0.7 points, p<0.001), demonstrating the development of autonomy in decision-making and effective action monitoring. Verbal creativity increased by 18.9% (to 57.9±2.1 points, p<0.01), and mastery-oriented motivational focus rose by 15.4%, forming prerequisites for the creative construction of the self and adaptive behaviour. Multiple regression analysis indicated that self-control (β=0.45, p<0.001) and planning (β=0.32, p<0.01) were the most significant independent predictors of effective personality development, with the model accounting for 61% of the variance in the integral indicator. The practical value of the study lies in demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating psychological and pedagogical tools into sports and health-promoting activities for the systematic development of volitional control, executive functions, and creativity in cadet pilots.
The aim of the study was to identify the dynamics of the formation of family values and the level of marital adaptation in young married couples at different stages of early marriage in the socio-cultural context of Kyrgyz Republic. The study was conducted in 2024-2025 and covered 150 young married couples (300 people) from different regions of Kyrgyz Republic. The methods of theoretical analysis, questioning, psychodiagnostic testing (Dyadic Adjustment Scale and author’s questionnaire), pedagogical experiment, as well as methods of mathematical and statistical data processing (calculation of mean values and standard deviations) were used to assess the dynamics of indicators in a quasi-experimental design. The results of the formative stage showed an increase in the integral indicator of marital adaptation in the experimental group. It was found that in couples with less than one year of marriage, it increased from 113.7 to 133.1 points, in the subgroup with 1-2 years of marriage, it reached 141.7 points, and among spouses who had been married for more than two years, it increased to 149.2 points. The author’s questionnaire data also showed positive dynamics, in particular an increase in the proportion of positive responses to 74.6-89.6% in the experimental group compared to 59.7-78.2% in the control group (p>0.05). The set of results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed 12-week psychological and pedagogical programme aimed at improving the level of marital adaptation, harmonising relationships and aligning family values in young families. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained to develop and implement psychological and pedagogical programmes to support young married couples, aimed at forming family values, developing communication skills and improving marital adaptation.
This study presents the adaptation and validation of the General Intellectual Humility Scale (GIHS) for Argentina, addressing the scarcity of Spanish-language instruments measuring this epistemic virtue. A sample of 201 Argentinian adults ( M = 58.9, SD = 16.6; 70.6% female) completed the adapted GIHS, the Mini-IPIP, and demographic questions through an online survey. The adaptation followed International Test Commission guidelines. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure with adequate fit (CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.922, RMSEA = 0.087). Internal consistency was good (α = 0.797, ω = 0.801). External convergent validity was demonstrated through significant correlation with agreeableness ( r = 0.341, p < .001), consistent with theoretical expectations. The Argentinian GIHS is a psychometrically sound instrument suitable for assessing intellectual humility in the Argentinian population, enabling cross-cultural research on this virtue crucial for constructive dialogue in polarized societies.
Flow is an experiential phenomenon that occurs when one is deeply engaged with an activity. The current set of studies aimed to create and test a single-item measure of flow for future use in studies where existing multi-item measures are not viable, such as exploratory research. We tested our single-item measure against multi-item measures in two studies, then established the measure’s test-retest reliability and validity in two further studies, before performing a final study to determine convergent validity in a fandom context. Our single-item measure was found to significantly correlate with existing multi-item measures in both movie and game contexts, to have good test-retest reliability, to show divergent validity with respect to measures of social desirability and anti-intellectualism, and was able to show convergent validity on group-relevant media for fans.
In recent years, research on school leadership in Indonesia has grown significantly, yet validated instruments specifically designed for early childhood education remain scarce. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Principal Leadership Practices (PLP) scale in kindergarten institutions in Surabaya. The instrument consists of 22 items across four dimensions: Setting Direction, Building Relationships and Developing People, Developing the Organization to Support Desired Practices, and Improving the Instructional Program. Data were collected from 540 Indonesian kindergarten teachers through a multistage random sampling procedure within a probability sampling framework. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that all items exhibited statistically significant factor loadings (p < .001), supporting the construct validity of the scale. Most goodness-of-fit indices met recommended thresholds (CFI = .981; TLI = .979; GFI = .997; NFI = .978; SRMR = .040), although RMSEA (.102) indicated marginal fit. Reliability analysis showed Cronbach’s Alpha values above .80, Composite Reliability above .85, and AVE above .72, confirming strong internal consistency and convergent validity. Findings highlight that Building Relationships and Developing People and Improving the Instructional Program are the most salient leadership dimensions. The Indonesian version of the PLP scale demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability, making it a useful tool for evaluating principal leadership practices and informing educational policy development in early childhood education.
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a critical evidence-based framework for developing effective interventions for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In Kuwait, where the majority of students with ASD are enrolled in private special education schools, the ABA competency of the instructional workforce remains largely unexamined. This cross-sectional quantitative study investigated the knowledge of ABA strategies among 328 teachers and teacher assistants at private special education schools in Kuwait. The sample of the study totaled 328 special education teachers and teacher assistants selected from 32 special education schools providing ABA services to students with ASD.Using an adapted and translated Arabic version of the Behavior Management Survey (Randozzo, 2011), participants were evaluated across five key domains: Basic Principles, Measurement, Skill Acquisition, Antecedent Interventions, and Behavior Reduction. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann‒Whitney U test, the Kruskal‒Wallis H test, and the chi‒square test. The results indicated significant disparities in knowledge across domains (p<.001), with participants demonstrating relative strengths in Basic Principles (M=62.3%) and Skill Acquisition (M=56.3%) but exhibiting critical deficiencies in Measurement (M=46.0%), Antecedent Interventions (M=43.3%), and Behavior Reduction (M=49.8%). Notably, participants who held formal ABA certifications (RBT, BCaBA, or BCBA) scored significantly higher across all the domains (p<.001), with median scores up to three times higher than those of noncertified staff. These findings reveal a substantial gap in procedural ABA knowledge within Kuwait’s private special education sector and underscore an urgent need for systematic professional development and policies that support formal certification to ensure high-quality educational outcomes for students with ASD.
While there has been an explosion of research around the psychological dynamics of video game play, comparatively little work has been to explore the many divergent approaches video games take to create identification and connection within it’s players, especially around LGBTQ+ represenation. In this qualitative study, we look at data collected from a short-answer survey, as well as from Steam reviews, to see how players discuss and reflect upon their experiences with Gone Home , one of first high-profile narrative video games that centered around a queer narrative. We tie our observations to the history of both gaming and identification research, and demonstrate the need for further inquiry into the ways that video games interact with the diverse identities represented and the diverse audience that engages with them.
Online dating platforms typically emphasize looks, often neglecting interpersonal traits. Humor, associated with emotional health, social bonding, and mate selection, may counterbalance this bias; however, evidence on whether compatible humor styles foster digital matches is limited, particularly among Filipino Generation Z users. The study investigated whether similar versus contrasting humor styles predict match success and identified the most effective humor-style pairings. In a quasi-experiment, 160 heterosexual Filipino undergraduates (80 men, 80 women; 18–25 years) completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire and were paired into ten dyads of similar or contrasting styles. Each pair chatted for ten minutes on Discord, then rated dating intention on a five-item scale. Normality and homogeneity violations justified non-parametric analysis; ethical clearance and informed consent safeguarded participant privacy. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Dunn post-hoc tests rigorously compared group differences. Pairs sharing adaptive styles (Affiliative–Affiliative; Self-Enhancing–Self-Enhancing) posted higher dating-intention scores than contrasting or aggressive matches (U = 2505, p = .048, r = .16). Differences across all ten dyads were significant (χ²(9) = 26.04, p = .002, η² = .34); Aggressive–Aggressive pairs scored lowest. Findings show that humor-style compatibility, especially shared adaptive humor, modestly but consistently enhances early romantic interest online, affirming Similarity–Attraction and Sexual Selection theories. Dating apps should embed humor assessments within matching algorithms, and users might highlight adaptive humor in profiles. Counselors and relationship educators could incorporate humor-style awareness into training modules, while engineers can experiment with real-time comedic matching features. Researchers should pursue longitudinal and multicultural studies to see if initial humor compatibility forecasts durable relationship quality over time
The development of daily physical activity is a major public health issue. A number of studies on the promotion of stair use with nudges next to escalators have demonstrated their effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to test whether action identification theory could improve this incentive in a public transport environment. To this end, eighty-one French participants (M age = 34.35, SD = 12.01; 85,19% women) completed an online simulation questionnaire. The results showed that posters at the decision point and high levels of personal identification increased stair use but did not reveal an interaction effect. These elements were discussed with the idea of understanding the link between personal identification, provoked identification and the role of incentives.
Religious belief formation among clergy reflects complex interactions between individual cognitive processes and socially embedded influences. Although psychological research on religion has expanded considerably, empirical studies focusing on African clergy remain limited. This study examines cognitive and social influences on faith and belief formation among Baptist pastors in the Lagos East Baptist Conference, Nigeria, within established psychological frameworks. Drawing on dual-process models of cognition and social learning theory, a mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected using standardised measures of cognitive reflection, religious commitment, and perceived social influence, while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews exploring faith narratives and belief development. Regression analyses indicated that both cognitive reflection and social reinforcement significantly predicted belief strength and stability, with social influence emerging as the strongest predictor. Thematic analysis further highlighted the central role of mentorship, communal validation, and reflective meaning-making in sustaining pastoral belief systems. By extending psychological research on religion to a non-Western clergy context, this study contributes to cross-cultural understanding of belief formation and aligns with the empirical and theoretical scope of the North American Journal of Psychology.
Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPS) are critical to individual and community well-being, yet stigma and limited mental health literacy continue to impede help-seeking in many low- and middle-income contexts, including the Philippines. Within Filipino households, mothers function as primary caregivers and primary decision-makers regarding health, positioning them as “gatekeepers” to formal mental health services. This study examined the perceived awareness and attitudes toward mental health and psychosocial support among 134 Filipino mothers in a community in Pampanga, Philippines. Using a correlational–comparative design and a researcher-validated instrument (Cronbach’s α = .839), the study assessed levels of MHPS awareness and attitudes, the relationship between these variables, and demographic differences across age, educational attainment, and employment status. Results indicated high perceived awareness (M = 28.10, SD = 2.14) and generally positive attitudes toward MHPS (M = 145.00, SD = 16.80). Pearson correlation revealed a significant but weak positive association between awareness and attitudes (r = .32, p < .001), explaining approximately 10% of the variance. One-way ANOVA showed no significant differences in awareness or attitudes across demographic groups. These findings suggest that maternal perspectives are shaped less by individual socioeconomic characteristics than by shared sociocultural contexts. The weak awareness–attitude link further implies that informational campaigns alone may be insufficient to overcome entrenched stigma. A community-based MHPS framework is therefore proposed, emphasizing barangay-level integration and peer-led “Nanay Wellness Circles” to normalize mental health discourse and help-seeking within Filipino communities.
Psychological flexibility enables athletes to maintain focus and adapt effectively under competitive pressure, which may help reduce competition anxiety. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological flexibility and competition anxiety among athletes, and to identify differences based on gender, age, and type of sport. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed. The sample consisted of 104 male and female athletes selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using standardized measures of psychological flexibility and competition anxiety. Pearson correlation and three-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between psychological flexibility and competition anxiety (r = −0.23, p = .018), indicating a small effect size. Females reported significantly higher levels of competition anxiety than males (p < .001), while no significant differences were found based on age or type of sport. Psychological flexibility did not significantly differ across gender, age, or sport type. Psychological flexibility appears to play a protective role in reducing competition anxiety, although its effect is limited. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating psychological skills training programs, particularly for female athletes.
There is a dearth of domain-specific studies examining students’ lack of interest in academic engagement. Anchoring in the concept of disengagement as a multidimensional construct, this study utilized a scale development approach to identify the plausible reasons why Filipino students disengage in learning technical and vocational courses. In Study 1, the initial version of the TVE Learning Disengagement Scale (TLDS) was developed and administered to n=459 high school students. A nine-factor model was identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), consisting of parental influence, general aversion to TVE as a subject, value beliefs, effort beliefs, classmate-related interaction, ability beliefs, lack of instructional materials and facilities, aversion to the subject’s specific tasks and demands, and teaching pedagogy. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the nine-factor model in a sample of 1624 students. Results provided support for its goodness of fit to the data. Overall, the findings provided evidence of reliability, construct- and criterion-related validity. The development of TLDS will help in crafting appropriate intervention programs that would address every specific factor for students who struggle with academic disengagement in TVE classes.
We administered a national government political ideology scale, a personal political ideology scale, a scale to measure the right to complain about noisy neighbors, and the right to complain about one’s national government, to samples of university students recruited in India, the Philippines, United States, and Vietnam. We hypothesized that across all four countries attitude scores on willingness to complain would be higher on complaints about noisy neighbors than complaints about one’s national government. Our results showed this to be false for all but the Vietnamese sample. We also hypothesized that willingness to complain scores about one’s government would be highest in the United States relative to the other three countries. We found that the United States was second highest, perhaps because data were collected in a conservative area of the country. We hypothesized that across all four countries there would be a positive correlation between discrepancy scores and willingness to complain about one’s national government. This hypothesis was disconfirmed, possibly because discrepancy scores were quite low and not widely dispersed. Our analysis of gender differences in willingness to complain about either noisy neighbors or one’s national government revealed no significant differences across all four countries. Discussion focused on understanding the results.
This study examines the association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and criminal behavior among individuals receiving psychiatric treatment. Using a retrospective cohort design, the investigation analyzed medical records and ACE survey data from the National Center for Mental Health (NCMH) to determine the extent to which early adverse experiences contribute to later involvement in criminal activity. Result revealed high levels of neglect, emotional and physical abuse, alongside occasional sexual victimization and family instability, characterize participants’ childhoods, suggesting early trauma contributes to later psychiatric difficulties and criminal behavior. Our findings have implications for developing evidence‑based prevention and intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the long‑term psychological and behavioral consequences of ACEs. Our results intend to support the implementation of comprehensive, trauma‑informed approaches to prevention, treatment, and ongoing support for affected individuals in partner agencies of NCMH.
The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the AI-based Otsimo Speech Therapy application in developing language skills (receptive, expressive, and pragmatic) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study was conducted in the Irbid Governorate of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, utilizing a two-group (experimental and control) quasi-experimental design. The study sample consisted of 20 children (aged 4-8 years) with functional language impairment, who were selected via purposive sampling from four specialized centers based on the criteria of poor language performance and regular attendance of rehabilitative services. The Results indicated the presence of statistically significant differences favoring the experimental group in the overall language skills score and across all subdomains. Receptive skills demonstrated the largest effect size, followed by expressive and then pragmatic skills. These positive outcomes are attributed to the application’s capacity to provide an intensive, personalized, and adaptive intervention that dynamically adjusts to each child’s performance level and offers immediate feedback. Key recommendations include: encouraging the design and development of similar Arabic-language applications that are tailored to linguistic and cultural characteristics; incorporating training on such tools into specialist preparation programs; and conducting longitudinal studies to track the sustainability of therapeutic gains. Furthermore, the study recommends integrating these applications as supportive tools within comprehensive intervention plans, while reinforcing the role of both the family and the specialist in promoting the generalization of acquired skills to daily life.
Recent survey research established a connection between political orientation and celebrity worship, a phenomenon characterized in part by a parasocial or one-sided nature of a connection to an individual. Specifically, researchers found that increased levels of celebrity worship were associated with greater conservatism. The aim of the present study was to expand upon these findings by further examining the relationship between political orientation and parasocial relationships. We predicted that increased levels of conservatism would be positively correlated with enhanced parasocial relationships. Analyses did not support our hypotheses. Rather, for those individuals who indicated having a favorite politician, commitment to parasocial relationships was largely in the opposite direction, with greater parasocial commitment being positively correlated with a more liberal than conservative orientation. We found no significant relationships between commitment to parasocial relationships and political orientation for those participants who did not indicate having a favorite politician. Implications of these results are discussed.
Older adults may become especially sensitive to potential memory and cognitive decline before any measurable decline is present. The current study sought to develop a version of the Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST) to measure older adult stereotype threat. A comparative sample of older and younger adults were recruited with each completing the VAAST coded with words commonly associated with positive or negative aging. Results showed expected differences for older and young adults across valance and movement domains. Additionally, a greater response difference was observed between young and old adults for negative word movement. These results support that older adults have an implicit motivation to avoid threatening stimuli related to age related stereotype threat and avoid negative words, unlike the younger population. Findings indicate that older adults develop negative stereotyped words into their self-concept and support the use of The VAAST as a research tool in this domain.
In a 2025 survey of 5,005 employees and 500 employers in the United States, 51% of employees reported burnout because they lack autonomy and control over their professional future; 60% of employers reported persistent challenges with recruitment and retention and favored hiring new employees over training current staff. This conceptual review describes factors contributing to workers’ burnout and crisis of autonomy, outlines evidence-based employer initiatives to increase engagement, and describes how mentorship reduces burnout and enhances organizational agility.
The increasing use of smartphones among young children has raised concerns about developmental outcomes and digital parenting. While prior research has focused on parental perceptions and mediation strategies, less attention has been given to parents’ motivations for allowing smartphone use. Understanding these motivations is essential for developing effective digital parenting strategies and public health interventions. This scoping review, guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework, examined parental motivations for smartphone use in early childhood. Literature from six databases (2014–2025) and grey sources was systematically reviewed, with screening and analysis conducted using Rayyan.ai. Of 796 records, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on parents of children aged 3–6 years. Three key motivation domains emerged: educational purposes, practical needs (e.g., occupying or calming children), and balancing benefits and risks through regulation. These findings emphasize the importance of parental intent in supporting appropriate technology use and promoting children’s well-being in the digital age.
