Geopolitical strategies and insecurities over minerals like oil have highlighted the increasing dependence on resources for growth. This paper sheds light on how resources for electric vehicle (EV) batteries also affect international trade. We see, lithium-ion batteries'price is declining, while sodium-ion batteries are emerging, in both cases China leads globally. The year 2025 showcases an inflection point, which is an important landmark in the global EV transition as lithium-ion battery costs cross the long-awaited barrier for price difference with internal combustion engine (ICE) cars. The aspects of battery cost competitiveness in 2025 are explained in this paper: (i) technological drivers achieving breakthrough with the $100/kWh cost for lithium-ion battery (ii) existence of price differences between Western economies and China; (iii) inference for EV-ICE price concourse with in specific regards to India. The research signifies how systems' excess capacity in China and technological changes, especially the emergence of sodium-ion battery and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) chemistry, are changing battery and vehicle freight economics at world level. It does this by utilizing secondary data from BloombergNEF, the International Energy Agency, and policy documents.
China's consumer market is enormous and evolving fast: in 2024, retail sales of consumer goods totaled & YEN;48.79 trillion, with online physical goods making up 26.8% of all retail purchases. At the same time, AI capacity has scaled rapidly-China accounted for about 61% of the world's granted AI patents over 2010-2022, installed 276,288 industrial robots in 2023 alone, and drew roughly $9.3 billion in private AI investment in 2024. Yet the micro-behavioral channel from regional AI development to household spending remains under-examined, particularly across provinces with differing urbanization and fiscal capacity. Against this backdrop, this study uses data of 31 provinces of China over the period 2001-2022 and examines the impact of regional AI development on consumer spending behavior. Employing a two-way fixed effects regression method, the findings reveal that regional AI development positively influences consumer spending. A series of robustness tests also verifies these findings. The study also confirms the moderating effect of consumer confidence on this relationship. AI development significantly impacts consumption categories such as clothing, education, culture & entertainment, residence, healthcare, and household goods and services. The research highlights heterogeneous effects, showing that provinces with higher urbanization, industrialization, fiscal expenditures, and regional development benefit more from AI-driven consumer spending growth. These findings present numerous implications for consumers, policymakers and regional governments to adopt AI technologies, frame processes and policies to expand regional AI development across all areas, including less developed regions, to enhance consumer expenditure.
This paper presents RPCA-Eco, a robust matrix completion framework designed for ecological ordination in the presence of substantial missing data. Building on the principles of Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA), RPCA-Eco integrates nuclear norm regularization with the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to recover low-rank ecological structures while isolating sparse anomalies. The method demonstrates high reconstruction fidelity and low bias even under extreme missingness levels (up to 70%), outperforming standard imputation techniques such as mean substitution, k-nearest neighbors, and MICE. Applied to macroinvertebrate data from the Okavango Delta, RPCA-Eco successfully recovers ecologically meaningful gradients despite incomplete and noisy observations. These results underscore its utility for biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning in data-sparse environments.
The use of traditional medicine and herbal remedies is deeply rooted in Iran, a country endowed with extensive biodiversity and a large variety of medicinal plant species. The present study aimed to document ethnobotanical knowledge related to medicinal plants traditionally employed for managing musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in Ilam, a city located in western Iran. A mixed-methods design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative components was adopted. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with local herbalists and traditional healers. Plant species were identified using reputable sources, including online botanical databases, Dr. Valiollah Mozaffarian's flora of Ilam, and expert support from the Medicinal Plants Center at Ilam University of Medical Sciences. In total, 30 medicinal plant species belonging to 23 families were recorded as remedies commonly used for MSP among the inhabitants of Ilam. The most frequently cited species included Achillea biebersteinii, Thymbra spicata L., Nigella sativa, Crocus haussknechtii, Datura innoxia Miller, Nerium oleander L., Ricinus communis, and Melissa officinalis. These taxa exhibited the highest levels of traditional relevance, with a usage report (UR) of 5, a relative frequency of citation (RFC) of 0.20, and a percentage familiarity and use (PFU) of 57.6%. Overall, the findings emphasize the significant role of native medicinal flora of Ilam in the traditional management of MSP. Beyond safeguarding valuable ethnobotanical heritage, these results also highlight promising prospects for developing novel phytotherapeutic agents. Further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations will be essential to validate the therapeutic efficacy of these plants and support their potential incorporation into contemporary medical practice
Natural ecosystems provide vital services to human societies, many of which are intangible, invisible and excluded from market pricing. Dibru Saikhowa National Park (DSNP), a river-island national park in Assam, India is one such ecologically rich but economically undervalued site. This study estimates the preservation value of DSNP using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Based on a representative sample of 362 households, the study elicits individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for continued preservation of DSNP, independent of any direct use. To ensure reliability, the survey incorporates rigorous bias-mitigation techniques addressing several biases and anomalies that affect CVM. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identifies two attitudinal dimensions viz., Warm-glow motive and Preservation motive, out of which only the latter significantly influences WTP. A Tobit regression model reveals that environmental awareness, education, and income positively affect WTP, while age and distance to the site show negative effects. To estimate the total preservation value for the state of Assam, the median monthly WTP was scaled up to all households and annualised. The resulting valuation, when compared with the annual government allocation for the area, reveals that public conservation spending amounts to only 0.013% of the preservation value, highlighting a stark underinvestment in conservation efforts. The findings highlight substantial public support for the nonuse values of DSNP and underline the need to integrate such values into environmental budgeting and policy.
This study examines the socio-economic conditions in three rural regions of India: Barpeta (Assam), Nalbari (Assam), and Tripura. Using survey data from over 120 respondents, the paper presents insights into the demographic composition, educational attainment, economic activities, and industry engagement, with a specific focus on the bamboo handicraft sector. The analysis highlights disparities in income generation, educational access, and market participation across these regions. The findings aim to provide data-driven insights that could guide regional policymaking and the development of rural industries.
This study aims to substantiate the feasibility of producing soft ice cream using a powdered food additive from viburnum fruit. The article investigates the effect of a powdered food additive from wild berries Viburnum opulus on the organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators of ice cream. The nutritional and biological value of the enriched ice cream was analyzed and the compliance of the developed ice cream samples with safety indicators by current standards was investigated.
Ethnobotany knowledge is investigating how people of a particular tribe, culture, or region utilize native plants. In terms of plant biodiversity, Iran is one of the richest countries in southwest Asia. Ilam Province is located in the southwest part of Iran, which has a rich plant flora with over 400 plant species.The purpose of this study was to investigate the ethnobotanical properties of native medicinal plants that are used to treat knee pain.The data on consuming native medicinal plants was collected using a questionnaire. These data included the names of the plants used to treat knee pain, organs used, and methods of consumption. Then, the data was analyzed using ethnobotanical indices.The present study reports that local people consume Ziziphus rotundata, modesta Fenzl, Astragalus gossypinus Fischer, and Rhus coriaria L to reduce pain. There are a wide variety of medicinal plants in Ilam province consumed to treat knee pain. Between these plants, E. angustifolia, R. canina, P. granatum L, P. atlantica, N. sativa, and R. coriaria L are recommended for further clinical studies.
Transitive dependency plays an important role in inferential statistics for data integrity and data consistency. After identifying and resolving, it can be structured efficiently and avoid prolixity and standardisation. This study liaisoning between FDI, CO2 emission and two sustainable green indices- S&P BSE Carbonex: Adherence of industries towards reduce threats arising from climate change and S&P BSE Greenex: Companies performance in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) effusions with time span from 2010 to 2022. The methods used here to analyse the transitive dependency between FDI, S&P BSE Carbonex & Greenex and CO2 emission includes Karl Person's Coefficient of Correlation and Simple Linear Regression using SPSS software. From the analysis, FDI inflows to developing countries like India with high concentration of energy-intake enterprises directing to consequential positive impacts on ecological deterioration in presence of wan environmental regulations as compared to developed countries.
The development of a nation is contingent upon the empowerment of its women. Data from multiple nations suggests that providing microcredit to Self-Help Group (SHG) members can enhance the empowerment of rural women. The primary aim of the study is to assess the impact of Self-Help Groups on rural women in Assam. The objective of this research was to assess the extent to which Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in Assam facilitate women's economic empowerment. The study's primary data was derived from interviews with Self-Help Group beneficiaries in the Jorhat District of Assam. A total of 100 samples were collected from two blocks in the Jorhat district namely Titabor block and Kaliapani block. The survey indicates that the predominant age group of respondents is between 31 and 45 years old. Upon joining SHGs, participants partook in diverse income-generating endeavors. The results indicated a positive change in economic empowerment indicators, including income, employment, and savings, subsequent to SHG membership. The estimated value of the univariate general linear model for the economic indicators was significant. In comparison to the pre-SHG scenario, the majority of respondents experienced increases in income, employment days, and savings in the post-SHG scenario. Consequently, the study concluded that Self-Help Groups were vital for the empowerment of rural women in the examined region. We also gather data from secondary sources, including government websites, articles, books, journals, the Assam Economic Survey, and the Assam Statistical Handbook.
The present study aimed to compare the group method of data handling type artificial neural network (GMDH-type ANN) model and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model for prediction of India's total fertility rate (TFR). In this study, time series TFR data was collected from the period 1995-96 to 2019-2020. The ARIMA (1,2,2) model was found to have lowerAkaike's information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values, making them more acceptable. After that, GMDH-type ANN model was fitted and to check the adequacy of these two models using different error measures such as the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and scatter index (SI). The GMDH-type ANN model is superior overARIMA (1,2,2) model. Thus, the GMDH-type ANN model was used to predict the TFR of India for the next 10 years and the results indicated that the TFR will decline in upcoming years. The government will use the information regarding the prediction of TFR to allocate the forthcoming resources and also make decisions for people's welfare.
The combined use of field measurements, statistical analysis and remote sensing measurements allows understanding the complexity of ecological forest landscapes. In this work we analyzed data from a small forest landscape to estimate forest tree diameter, a variable often used in ecological research literature. Based on 40 forest inventory plots field measured in one Alpine watershed, we compared a calibration model with remote sensing auxiliary data to a spatial dependence regression kriging model which use only field measured interdependence. The use of the comparison of statistical techniques proposed is innovative for the study of small forests.
We studied the stability analysis of prey-predator model with constant harvesting of prey-species. The basic mathematical model is described by the couple of differential equation. The Holling type function-II response is included in the prey-predator interaction. The well posed ness of the model is explored. The bounded ness property and persistence is also addressed. The local stability analysis is studied at all equilibrium points. The global dynamics is also studied and shown that the system is asymptotically stable. Further numerical simulation is executed in support of stability analysis.
The mathematical model for predator-prey interactions discussed in this article includes cannibalism in the predator. Cannibalism is pervasive in natural individuals which reflects the potential to modify their functional relationship for interacting with resources. We have considered here prey refuge, which depends on the contacts between both the species. Predator consumes the prey according to Holling type II functional response. Feasibility as well as stability of the points of equilibria and the existence of Hopf bifurcation along with its direction at interior equilibrium have been duly accomplished and in this regard suitable graphical representation with proper discussions are executed to substantiate the system under consideration.
In this era of globalization, the importance of financial sector growth in economic development procedures is not to be disregarded for economies with high and low incomes, globally. The adoption of ICT-based technology improvements raised and optimized capital accumulation decreased information asymmetry, encouraged and mobilized savings, and supported the economy's current account balance, contributing to the financial sector development's ability to accelerate economic development. This study empirically investigated the linkage amid financial development and its important determinants such as information and communication technology (ICT), natural resource rents (NRR), economic growth (EG), current account balance (CAB), and gross savings (S) in 107 economies worldwide. This paper preferred to employ the second-generation unit root tests to handle the issues of slope heterogeneity and "cross-sectional dependence" in panel data. The results of "Kao, Pedroni, and Westerlund tests" confirm the long-lasting connections among the variables under study, while the significant endings of "cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL)" exposed that NRR, CAB, and S negatively affected the financial development while ICT and EG stimulates the procedure of FD. Further, the robustness analysis's application of "Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS)" further supports the appropriateness and applicability of CSARDL. Finally, the findings of "Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality analysis" endorse the bidirectional causality linkages amongst research factors. Based on the study's empirical outcomes, we suggest some effective policy suggestions that empower the process of financial development to boost the overall economic well-being, globally.
Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestine) of commonly consumed commercial edible fishes, namely Labeo rohita, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Oreochromis mossambicus, Pampas argenteus, and Nemipterus virgatus, as well as in different water sources. Methods: The commercial edible fishes mentioned above were obtained and dissected in the laboratory. The dissection procedure and identification of the gastrointestinal tract parts were conducted following the methodology described by Jennifer Luke et al. ( 2009). Results: The study, conducted from June to September 2023, revealed the presence of microplastics in the examined fishes and different water sources. The results showed that Labeo rohita had 36 (20.34%) microplastics, Rastrelliger kanagurt had 32 (18.08%), Oreochromis mossambicus had 28 (15.82%), Pampas argenteus had 48 (27.12%), and Nemipterus virgatus had 33 (18.64%). In terms of water sources, municipal water had 3 microplastics, RO water had 2, canal water had 21, and bottled water had 11. The variations in the number of microplastics could be attributed to differences in food habits, water quality, and the level of microplastic pollution. The presence of microplastic pollution in canal water and bottled water could be due to high pollution sources and improper processing of water bottles. Conclusion: The study found high levels of microplastic pollution in Pampas argenteus from marine ecosystems, followed by Labeo rohita from freshwater ecosystems. The presence of microplastics in canal water and bottled water indicates a significant level of plastic pollution in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. This highlights the need for awareness and understanding of the extent of plastic pollution that we are exposed to through our food, water, and other means.
The article is devoted to substantiating the prospects of solving public (including social) and environmental problems using the "donating" procedure, as well as the feasibility to introduce such term into the legislation of Ukraine and the professional practice of social workers. The Law of Ukraine No. 5073-VI "On Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations" was analysed, this gave a possibility to pay an attention for the concept of charitable activity in general as well as its types, among them- the procedure for public collection of charitable donations and to create a legislative basis for donating. Thus, Article 7 of Law No. 5073-VI can be supplemented with provisions on donate and donating with the corresponding wording of these definitions in Article 1 of this Law. Special attention in the article is paid to the defy the essence of the concepts "donate" and "donating", the characteristics of their specific features, functional limitations and the definition of its role in achieving social goals, namely through messengers as well as social networks. The approaches to understanding the concepts of "donate" and "donating" represented by Ukrainian and foreign scientists, as well as information portals and electronic dictionaries were analysed. In addition, a working project to provide legal support for the organizers of donating has been proposed. The article purpose is to establish the essence of donating as a promising form within the charitable activity in Ukraine, as well as to justify its place and role in solving problems in the social and environmental spheres. It is noted that donating has a number of specific features, insufficient attention to which will turn it into an existing mechanism for public collection of charitable donations and reduce the main advantage- the speed of donors' response. It is proven that the donating procedure, organized in accordance with the conceptual mechanism discussed in the article, can be an additional tool for achieving certain goals of sustainable development. In this context, the goals of sustainable development are considered: 1st, 2nd. 6th, 11th, 13th and 15th, proposed ways to achieve them using donations. Thus, it is substantiated that donating is one of the promising tools for solving social and environmental problems, the intensification of which could unite citizens of communities, cities, and even entire countries to jointly overcome urgent or strategic issues. Particular attention was paid to establishing the interdependence between the economic activity of the regions and the amount of donations. It was proven that citizens of different regions of Ukraine participate almost equally in collecting funds for public needs. At the same time, the activity of the population in donation procedure was analyzed in accordance with the age structure of society. It was determined that the society is extremely consolidated. The lower participation of the elderly (60+) is explained only by financial opportunities, which are completely lower than those of the younger economically active population. This confirms the high degree of readiness of Ukrainian citizens to consolidate around social problems and the relevance of donations as a separate instrument of charitable activity.
Teeth are one of the most important parts of the body. Toothache is one of the most important complaints that people go to the dentist with. Toothache can be debilitating. Chemical drugs used to treat toothache have side effects. Considering the high prevalence of toothache in the society and since various plants are used in the ethnobotanical knowledge of Ilam region in Iran to relieve toothache, this research was conducted with the aim of documenting the information of the ethnobotanical knowledge of Ilam about medicinal plants effective in reducing toothache. Became based on the obtained results, the plant family Rocaceae is the most plant family with anti-toothache effects in Ilam. Decoction with 45% is the most used form of traditional use and aerial parts with 37% are the most used plant parts to reduce toothache. Data analysis shows that 8 species of herbal plants from 7 families are used for toothache in Ilam city. Medicinal plants Seidlitzia resmarinus, Melissa officinalis L., Dianthus orientalis Adams, Amygdalus Haussknechtii, Isatis raphanifoliaBoiss., Cannabis sativa L., Cichorium intybus L. and Amygdalus lycioides are among the anti-toothache plants of Ilam region. It is necessary to identify the effective ingredients of native medicinal plants of Ilam city that are used to reduce toothache and to study the remedy effects of their effective analgesic ingredients in order to produce natural and effective medicines and side effects for toothache.
In this paper we investigate the constant effort harvesting effort of prey species in prey-predator model with holling type II functional response. The system is described by a system of ordinary differential equations. The boundedness properties, long term behaviour of the system, equilibrium points are identified. Local stability analysis is discussed at each of its equilibrium points. Global stability is studied by constructing suitable Lyapunov's function. We proved that the system is both locally and globally asymptotically stable. Further Numerical simulation is performed and in support of analytical study.
Green human resource management is defined as an environment-friendly HR practice that subscribes to the sustainable use of coffers all over the world. The present paper attempts to estimate the impact of Green HRM on some associations from Bangladesh's perspective. The present paper follows the methodical review of applicable academic literature related to Green HRM practices in the global script. The findings of the study appear to suggest associations across the globe are absorbing Green HRM as a visionary step toward guarding the environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of mindfulness of Green Human Resource Management among different situations of HR directors from various associations in Bangladesh. A combination of quantitative and qualitative exploration styles is employed to gather information. Descriptive data analysis is presented with respect to the awareness position and unproductive exploration approach executed to find out the significant factors which increase the workers' mindfulness of green HRM. All the proposed suppositions were supported. Specifically, at the organizational position, organizational environmental culture is appreciatively related to green HRM and green HRM operation appreciatively associates with the association's environmental performance. At the individual level, green HRM positively affects employees' job satisfaction, and meaningful work serves as a potent intermediary in this interaction. The study linked the mindfulness position of Green HRM among directors from different sectors in Bangladesh. Governments & associations may produce programs to promote the below practices in the longterm achieving organizational excellence will reflect appreciatively on frugality.
