Introduction Progressive periodontal attachment loss (PAL) signifies the final and irreversible stage of periodontitis. It results from the convergence of a dysbiotic microbial challenge, maladaptive innate immune escalation, and epigenetically reinforced stromal activation. Despite this understanding, the precise molecular hierarchy responsible for this destruction at a cellular resolution has remained undefined. We introduce PerioDynaCausal-GT, a Dynamic Causal Graph Transformer that synthesizes differential expression data, single-cell RNA sequencing deconvolution, and pathway-encoded causal graph learning. This system systematically ranks immuno-epigenetic drivers of PAL based on large-scale, multi-cohort transcriptomic evidence. Methods Applying this framework to 19,177 gene-level features across two independent gingival biopsy cohorts—GSE10334 (n=247; 183 diseased, 64 healthy) and GSE16134 (n=310; 241 diseased, 69 healthy)—we identified 1,003 concordant differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 551 upregulated, 452 downregulated) with cross-cohort log₂FC concordance of Pearson r=0.973. Bindea single-sample GSEA across 23 immune populations yielded a cross-cohort immune infiltration concordance (Pearson r=0.995; 19/23 populations FDR<0.05 in both cohorts independently), establishing a reproducibility standard that far exceeds prior periodontal immunoprofiling studies. Results A four-component Driver Priority Score assessed a 94,108-cell gingival single-cell atlas, identifying CD79A, IL1B, and IRF4 as the foremost PAL effectors based on differential expression magnitude, validation, pathway load, and cell-type specificity. IL6 is ranked within the top ten (priority=9.40), primarily influenced by pathway burden (C_z=10.22; 30 pathways), despite a modest fold change, signifying its role as a significant pleiotropic regulator that may be undervalued if considering differential expression alone. Classifiers built on the 30-gene signature demonstrated high AUC values and low Brier scores when validated externally; furthermore, LM22 CIBERSORT analysis corroborated the enrichment of disease-associated T follicular helper cells (FDR=1.4×10⁻¹³), M2 macrophages (FDR=2.1×10⁻¹¹), and plasma cells (FDR=7.9×10⁻¹⁰). Conclusion Clinically, PerioDynaCausal-GT recognizes periodontal attachment loss as a reproducible immuno-stromal disorder governed by B-plasma cell proliferation, IL6/CXCL1 cytokine networks, and compromise of the epithelial barrier.
Background: The integration of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed workflows within prosthodontics through the incorporation of advanced tools such as computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), intraoral scanners (IOSs), and three-dimensional printing (3D). However, a notable gap remains between awareness and actual implementation, predominantly due to financial and educational limitations. Data concerning digital prosthodontics in Saudi Arabia are limited, despite the country's emphasis on digital health initiatives under Vision 2030. This study aims to examine the knowledge, awareness, and practices (KAP) pertaining to digital prosthodontics among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia, and to compare the adoption rates of these technologies between general practitioners and specialists. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from May to August 2025, utilizing a validated self-administered questionnaire. Eligible participants included interns, general dentists, specialists, and faculty members from the public, private, and academic sectors within Saudi Arabia. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test to evaluate associations between professional level and KAP outcomes. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 204 professionals participated, most of whom were young (<25 years; 51%) and affiliated with academic institutions (53.9%). Although 57.8% of the participants were aware of digital prosthodontics, only 25.5% reported using such technologies in practice. IOSs (48.5%) and CAD/CAM (27%) were the most frequently employed instruments, particularly for crown and bridge restorations. Specialists consistently exhibited higher KAP than general dentists (all p-values < 0.001), and postgraduate training emerged as a key determinant. The primary obstacles were the high initial cost (23%) and lack of training (16.7%). Notably, 79.9% of the respondents expressed interest in structured training, and 72.1% supported curricular integration. In conclusion, Saudi dental professionals exhibit a moderate level of awareness regarding digital prosthodontics; however, their clinical application predominantly remains within the realm of specialists. The principal barriers comprise financial, educational, and institutional challenges. Opportunities exist to enhance adoption through the promotion of enthusiasm for curricular reforms and training initiatives. By emphasizing structured education, accessible training programs, and cost-sharing strategies, Saudi prosthodontics can advance patient care and align with international digital standards. The clinical significance lies in bridging the divide between awareness and the adoption of digital prosthodontics, which is vital for the advancement of clinical practice. Improving educational opportunities and minimizing financial barriers can lead to better patient outcomes, more efficient workflows, and expanded access to digital care outside specialist environments.
Zirconia barriers have been proposed as an alternative to titanium meshes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) and bone augmentation, but systematic biocompatibility testing is required before clinical use. This study evaluated the intracutaneous irritation potential of a zirconia barrier device (Zirbone) according to ISO 10993‑10. Polar (physiological saline) and non‑polar (cottonseed oil) extracts of Zirbone were prepared in accordance with ISO 10993‑10 and ISO 10993‑12 at an extraction ratio of 3 cm²/mL for 72 ± 2 h at 37 ± 1 °C under gentle agitation. Three young, healthy New Zealand albino rabbits (same sex, ≥ 2 kg) were used. For each animal, 0.2 mL of polar and non‑polar extracts were injected intracutaneously at five sites on one flank, and 0.2 mL of the corresponding extraction media alone were injected at five sites on the contralateral flank. Erythema and edema were scored at 24, 48 and 72 h using standardized scales, and the primary irritation index (PII) was calculated for each extract by comparison with its control solvent. No erythema or edema was observed at any sites injected with the polar solvent or polar Zirbone extract during the 72‑h observation period. In contrast, very slight to well‑defined erythema without edema was observed at sites injected with the non‑polar solvent and non‑polar Zirbone extract at all time points in all animals. The PII was 0.00 for the polar extract and 0.07 for the non‑polar extract, both well below the ISO 10993‑10 acceptance threshold of 1.0 for non‑irritant materials. These findings indicate that polar and non‑polar extracts of the zirconia barrier device Zirbone are non‑irritant according to ISO 10993‑10 and support its local biocompatibility and potential safe use as a barrier material in GBR and bone augmentation procedures.
Background: Extracapsular fractures of the mandibular condylar neck and subcondylar region are frequent maxillofacial injuries. Their management remains debated because closed treatment avoids extraoral surgical morbidity, whereas open reduction and internal fixation may improve anatomical reduction and occlusal stability in selected displaced fractures. Methods: This retrospective descriptive case series included surgically treated extracapsular mandibular condylar process fractures managed at a single maxillofacial unit. Eligible fractures were condylar neck or subcondylar fractures treated with retromandibular, trans-parotid trans-masseteric, or combined surgical access. Preoperative assessment included clinical examination, cone-beam computed tomography or computed tomography, and three-dimensional reconstruction. Postoperative assessment included clinical monitoring and postoperative imaging. Only descriptive statistics were used; no comparative or inferential analysis was performed. Results: This series comprised 73 mandibular condylar process fractures, including 25 condylar neck fractures and 48 subcondylar fractures. The mean age was reported as 35 years. A retromandibular approach was used for condylar neck fractures. Reported adverse events included 3 temporary lower facial nerve branch weaknesses, 2 rhomboid plate fractures approximately 1 month after surgery, and 1 screw fixation failure after 40 days. No persistent facial expression deficit or occlusal sequelae were reported in the available text. Conclusions: This retrospective descriptive case series documents the authors' operative experience with retromandibular and related approaches to extracapsular condylar fractures.
Abstract This narrative review examines contemporary evidence on static computer-guided implant surgery compared with conventional freehand placement, with reference to dynamic navigation and robotic assistance as emerging alternatives. Across multiple studies, static guides consistently reduced coronal, apical, and angular deviations compared with freehand techniques, typically halving linear error and bringing mean deviations close to or below 1 mm. Accuracy was generally comparable to that achieved with dynamic navigation and early robotic systems, with all computer-assisted approaches clearly outperforming freehand surgery. Despite these gains in precision, long-term implant survival and peri-implant bone level changes were similar for guided and freehand protocols in most reports, suggesting that once a basic accuracy threshold is met, biological and prosthetic factors dominate long-term outcomes. Static guidance showed particular strength as part of an integrated digital workflow, linking cone-beam imaging, virtual planning, intraoral scanning or photogrammetry, and CAD/CAM prosthetics. This enabled flapless or minimally invasive surgery, smoother early recovery, and predictable same-day or next-day immediate loading in full-arch rehabilitations. Patients reported similar long-term satisfaction for guided and freehand surgery, while clinicians valued the increased confidence, standardisation, and risk reduction in anatomically challenging or prosthetically demanding cases, balanced against added cost, complexity, and potential over-reliance. Overall, static computer-guided implant surgery is best viewed as a powerful adjunct that enhances safety and predictability in selected indications, rather than a universal replacement for well-executed freehand techniques.
Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the infectious risk associated with dental unit water by assessing microbial contamination, identifying contributing factors, and proposing preventive measures to ensure the safety of patients and staff. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted in Tunisia utilizing an online questionnaire. Distributed to dentists and dental students, the survey assessed their knowledge, training, and practices concerning water-related infection risks in dental chair units. Results: Among the 82 participants, most demonstrated a lack of awareness regarding waterborne infection risks and failed to implement recommended disinfection protocols. Only 29% were aware of the Ministry of Health’s circular 31bis-2023. Water quality testing (both chemical and microbiological) was infrequent, and vital practices such as flushing, disinfection, and traceability of maintenance actions were inconsistently applied. Discussion: The findings reveal substantial gaps in infection control awareness and adherence within the dental sector. Limited training and inadequate enforcement of existing guidelines necessitate urgent reforms, including enhanced professional education, standardized hygiene protocols, and more stringent regulatory oversight to ensure the safety of both patients and providers. Conclusion: Further studies involving a larger sample of dentists, complemented by field visits, are required.
Background: Suture materials employed in oral surgery vary with respect to their structure, absorbability, coating, handling characteristics, and propensity for plaque retention and tissue reaction. These attributes may impact early wound stability and signs of postoperative inflammation. Objective: To compare four widely utilized oral surgery suture materials with respect to clinician-rated intraoperative performance and early postoperative clinical response. Methods: A total of forty patients requiring oral surgical procedures involving suturing were incorporated into a four-arm pilot comparative study. Four types of suture materials were assessed: absorbable monofilament Monocryl 4-0, non-absorbable braided polyester Ethibond Excel 4-0, absorbable antibacterial-coated braided polyglactin 910 Vicryl Plus 4-0, and braided silk 4-0. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at days 3, 7, and 14. Sutures were removed on day 7, including those that are absorbable. The operator rated smoothness, handling, and resistance during placement on a 0-10 scale. Clinical scores for edema, gingival inflammation, perilesional plaque, and suppuration were documented at follow-up. Results: Monocryl demonstrated the highest mean smoothness score (8.47 ± 0.85) and clinician-rated resistance score (8.92 ± 0.74). Silk exhibited the lowest scores in smoothness (5.60 ± 1.10) and resistance (5.21 ± 0.97), while attaining the highest handling score (7.82 ± 0.95). Early clinical assessments indicated increased edema and inflammation associated with silk at 3 days; conversely, Vicryl Plus showed comparatively low inflammatory scores and low perilesional plaque scores at day 3 and lower scores than silk during follow-up. Suppuration was infrequent across all groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this pilot dataset, synthetic sutures appeared to provide more favorable intraoperative performance than braided silk, while antibacterial-coated Vicryl Plus showed favorable early clinical scores. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size, incomplete reporting of allocation and ethics procedures, unclear scoring definitions, and absence of microbiological analysis. Larger randomized clinical studies with standardized clinical and microbiological outcomes are required before definitive recommendations can be made.
Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising multifunctional surface modification for dental implants, addressing two persistent causes of implant failure: peri-implant infection and inadequate osseointegration. This review summarises current evidence on the antibacterial, soft tissue, osteogenic, and mechanical effects of GO-based coatings on titanium and polymeric implant substrates. GO exerts broad-spectrum antibacterial activity through a combination of membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, electron-transfer interference, electrostatic interactions, and photothermal heating. Its efficacy can be further enhanced in composite systems incorporating ions such as silver, zinc, and copper, or biopolymers such as chitosan and collagen. At the tissue level, GO-modified surfaces improve protein adsorption, fibroblast and epithelial adhesion, and peri-implant soft-tissue sealing, while fostering osteogenic differentiation, mineralised matrix deposition, and increased bone-to-implant contact in vivo. Mechanically, GO fortifies ceramic, polymeric, and hybrid coatings, thereby improving hardness, toughness, corrosion resistance, and fatigue behavior. Recent manufacturing advancements, including electrophoretic deposition, micro-arc oxidation, and tailored covalent functionalisation, offer scalable methodologies for producing clinically applicable GO coatings. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist, such as variability in GO synthesis and immobilisation, incomplete knowledge of long-term cytotoxicity, immune modulation, and particle biostability, as well as the scarcity of large-animal and human clinical data. Future research should focus on standardised characterisation, long-term in vivo evaluations, and safety assessments aligned with regulatory standards, alongside the development of intelligent GO-based systems that facilitate local drug delivery, osteoimmunomodulation, and on-demand antimicrobial activation. Overall, the current evidence suggests that GO coatings possess the potential to support next-generation multifunctional dental implants with enhanced biological performance and improved long-term clinical outcomes.
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The Editorial Office has updated the article record to reflect its withdrawn status. The DOI has been retained to preserve the scholarly record and will continue to resolve to this withdrawal notice. The article should not be cited as an active publication. Withdrawal date: 2026, June 28
This review encapsulates a holistic exploration of the interconnected realms of the gut microbiome (GM), bone health, interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19. It begins by elucidating the intricate relationship between GM and bone health, detailing the composition, functions, and influential factors shaping this dynamic ecosystem. The narrative seamlessly transitions into the intersection of GM and bone metabolism, highlighting nutrient absorption, microbial metabolites, specific bacteria, and immune system modulation. Experimental evidence solidifies the significant impact of GM on bone health, showcasing the dynamic role of microbial metabolites and specific bacterial strains. The analysis then delves into the complex relationship between interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19, emphasizing genetic intricacies and immune responses dictating susceptibility and severity in viral infections. Chronic periodontitis emerges as a gateway to understanding systemic dysbiosis, with genetic variants, dysbiosis, and therapeutic strategies providing insights into risk assessment and potential interventions. The proposed paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies focuses on the negative impact of dysbiosis, immune system dynamics, and endocrine balance, offering a novel approach to managing degenerative and infectious diseases. In conclusion, this review navigates through the complexities of human physiology, weaving a narrative that connects diverse elements into a holistic understanding, providing a foundation for ongoing research and emphasizing the need for continued exploration into the intricate interplay of genetics, immune responses, and systemic health.
Background: Antiplatelet (APL) therapy (TH) plays a crucial role in preventing thrombotic (TRB) events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, its application in dental clinical practice remains a topic of debate due to concerns regarding bleeding (BL) complications during invasive procedures (PRC). Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of APL drugs in dental PRCs, assess the risk of BL complications, and examine existing guidelines for managing patients on APL TH. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from January 1, 2004 to January 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and guidelines evaluating the use of APL drugs in dental PRCs. Data on efficacy outcomes (e.g., prevention of TRB events), safety outcomes (e.g., BL complications), and adherence to guidelines were extracted and synthesized. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in the review, comprising randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and clinical guidelines. The findings suggest that discontinuation of APL TH before dental PRCs may increase the risk of TRB events without significantly reducing BL complications. However, the evidence regarding the risk of BL associated with dental PRCs in patients on APL TH is inconclusive. Existing guidelines vary in their recommendations for managing patients on APL TH, highlighting the need for standardized protocols. Conclusion: APL TH is essential for preventing TRB events in high-risk patients, and its discontinuation before dental PRCs may not be warranted in most cases. However, further research is needed to clarify the risk of BL complications associated with dental PRCs in patients on APL TH and to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing these patients in dental clinical practice. Standardized protocols considering both efficacy and safety outcomes are crucial for ensuring optimal patient care.
Background: The preservation of the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction is essential for maintaining bone volume, which is vital for subsequent implant placement. Ferulic acid (FA), a polyphenol distinguished by its antioxidant and osteogenic properties, has the potential to augment bone regeneration. Nevertheless, its specific role in alveolar bone healing warrants further investigation. Purpose: This study assesses the effects of locally administered FA in conjunction with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) on osteoblast proliferation (Ki-67 expression) and trabecular bone thickness within a rabbit model. Materials and Methods: This in vivo experimental animal study was conducted using twenty male New Zealand white rabbits (1.5–2 kg), which were allocated into four groups (n=5): Group A received 2% FA + 98% DFDBA, Group B received 4% FA + 96% DFDBA, Group C was treated with DFDBA alone (positive control), and Group D underwent natural healing (negative control). The alveolar sockets were treated accordingly and sutured following extraction of the upper central incisor. Histological analysis involved hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical assessment of Ki67 expression to evaluate osteoblast proliferation. Trabecular bone thickness was measured through digital histomorphometry. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests. Results: Groups receiving FA (2% and 4%) demonstrated significantly higher Ki67 expression and trabecular bone thickness compared to the DFDBA-only and natural healing groups (p < 0.05). The 4% FA group exhibited the most pronounced osteogenic response. Conclusion: Local application of FA, particularly at 4%, enhances osteoblast proliferation and trabecular bone thickness in alveolar ridge preservation. This suggests its potential as an adjunct in post-extraction bone regeneration strategies.
Biocompatible solutions such as endosseous implants enable the restoration of missing teeth. This review explores the key features of various implant surface coatings that promote tissue healing around implants and support long-term clinical success. The analysis is based on recent studies of titanium endosseous implants, which are widely used because of their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, titanium has low bioactivity, which can slow down the process of osseointegration. To enhance cellular interactions and boost biocompatibility, implant surfaces are modified to reduce tissue rejection and encourage biological integration. This review examines various surface coatings to determine the most effective ones in enhancing osseointegration, epithelial adhesion, and peri-implant health. The properties of implant surfaces are essential for promoting osteoblastic cell adhesion, growth, and distribution, which are critical for maintaining stable anchorage. Additionally, implant surfaces should have antibacterial features to reduce the risk of peri-implant infections, which could adversely affect implant longevity and overall clinical outcomes. Advancements in surface modification techniques have led to the development of innovative coatings designed to enhance biological interactions and improve the long-term performance of dental implants. However, further research is needed to optimize implant materials and surface treatments and reduce clinical failure.
Purpose: to test whether Botox injection in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle in sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement could reduce the tendency of postoperative relapse in comparison to the same surgery without Botox injection in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Methods: A total of 24 patients indicated for mandibular advancement bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery were randomly assigned to 2 equal parallel groups; 12 patients were injected with Botulinum toxin type A before surgery (Intervention group), and 12 patients were treated without injection (Control group). The relapse was evaluated by the differences in cephalometric variables at 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. The evaluated cephalometric variables are 3 angular measurements (SNB, ANB, and ArGo-SN) and 2 linear measurements (Pog and B point) concerning Frankfort Horizontal and coronal planes on CBCT image. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the Botox and control groups in Pg/coronal horizontal measurement. The Botox group showed a statistically significant lower increase (lower relapse) in Pg/coronal measurement than the Control group. In comparison between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in B and Pg concerning the FH plane, B point about the coronal plane, and all angular measurements: SNB, ANB, and Ar-Go/SN. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin type A injection into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle is an easy and effective approach to decrease relapse following mandibular advancement orthognathic surgery.
White spot lesions (WSL) are common during orthodontic treatment with multibracket appliances and may raise aesthetic concerns. Although fluoride varnish is widely employed, resin infiltration has emerged as a more effective alternative for improving aesthetics and preventing additional enamel demineralization. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of resin infiltration (Icon®) and fluoride varnish (Flairèsse®) in enhancing the visual appearance of White spot lesions. A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 38 patients under the age of 17 who exhibited at least one White spot lesion. Color variations (ΔE) were measured at baseline and after six months, with secondary parameters including ICDAS scores and periodontal health indices. The group treated with resin infiltration demonstrated a significant and sustained reduction in ΔE (from 8.81 to 5.19), whereas the fluoride varnish group showed no notable changes (ΔE at six months: 8.46). Furthermore, resin infiltration resulted in lower ICDAS scores, indicating improved lesion stability. These findings suggest that resin infiltration offers superior and enduring aesthetic improvements compared to fluoride varnish, with early intervention during orthodontic therapy producing optimal outcomes. Additional research with long-term follow-up is recommended to confirm these results.
Background: Bone regeneration is essential in oral surgery, particularly in advanced periodontal disease where teeth are no longer salvageable. Innovative biomaterials like SmartBone® combined with autologous platelet derivatives have shown promising regenerative potential. However, postoperative infections by Actinomyces israelii may compromise outcomes. Materials and Methods: A 52-year-old male with severe periodontal disease in the anterior mandible underwent extractions and grafting with SmartBone® mixed with autologous platelet derivatives using the Sticky Bone Preparation Device (SBPD). Three months post-surgery, localized inflammation occurred and was managed with antibiotics. Histopathological analysis identified A. israelii, prompting targeted antibiotic therapy. Results: Despite the infection, the graft maintained structural integrity, and the infection remained localized without fully compromising the regenerative site. After complete healing, four endosseous implants were successfully placed and restored with a fixed metal-ceramic prosthesis. Follow-ups at 8 and 30 months confirmed stable bone integration, healthy mucosa, and no recurrence. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the resilience of SmartBone® in maintaining regenerative function despite opportunistic infection. The xeno-hybrid graft and SBPD enabled successful implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. While the clinical outcome is encouraging, further microbiological studies are necessary to validate the protocol and explore any protective role of the graft material against infection.
The upper labial frenulum (ULF) is a connective tissue band that can significantly impact oral function and aesthetics when hypertrophic or abnormally positioned. This review examines surgical techniques for managing ULF, comparing traditional scalpel-based procedures with laser-assisted methods. Conventional treatments like frenectomy and frenulotomy remain common but have drawbacks such as increased bleeding during surgery, longer healing times, and postoperative discomfort. Z-plasty, while effective at improving both function and appearance, demands advanced surgical skill. Laser-assisted surgery provides a minimally invasive alternative, offering benefits like greater precision, less intraoperative bleeding, faster recovery, and increased patient comfort. Various lasers, including diode, CO₂, and Er: YAG types, enable precise tissue removal and effective blood control, often eliminating sutures. However, their widespread adoption is limited by high equipment costs and specialized training requirements. Although laser surgery offers clear advantages, more randomized clinical trials are needed to establish standardized protocols and enhance long-term outcomes. Future research should explore combining regenerative techniques, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), with advances in AI-assisted laser surgery. This review underscores the expanding role of laser technology in ULF treatment and emphasizes the necessity of ongoing innovation to improve clinical results, patient satisfaction, and accessibility in dental practice.
Aim: To design, validate, and implement a digital registry system for midface and orbital reconstructions. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted at Shariati Hospital, Tehran, between 2021 and 2024. In the first phase, we performed a review of existing literature and guidelines on craniofacial registries to identify elements for designing a digital registry. In the second phase, we developed a structured questionnaire with demographic, clinical, procedural, and postoperative outcomes. The questionnaire underwent pilot testing for reliability and content validity. Results: An expert survey led to the inclusion of 28 items on patient demographics, medical history, disease characteristics, surgical details, postoperative outcomes, and patient satisfaction. In a study with 19 patients, the average age was 34.05 years, with most patients being male (63.2%) and non-smokers (73.7%). Trauma was the leading cause of injury (73.7%), and most patients underwent one to two surgeries. Postoperative outcomes were generally favorable, with complications like infection (10.5%) and fistula formation (21.1%) observed. Patients reported good functional recovery, with high satisfaction in speech and eating abilities. Quality of life assessments showed diverse responses, with 47.4% of patients rating their health-related quality of life as better than before their illness. Self-assessments of facial aesthetics indicated a higher perception of sunken features, unattractiveness, and facial damage. Conclusion: Our study showed the feasibility and clinical application of a digital data recording system for midface and orbital reconstruction, integrating comprehensive patient data, surgical outcomes, and quality of life metrics. This provides a platform for ongoing research to improve reconstructive techniques and support evidence-based clinical decision-making.
Introduction: Microbial plaque is the primary cause of dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease, necessitating effective strategies for its reduction. Mechanical removal methods may be challenging for some individuals, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Curcumin, a natural compound with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, shows promise for oral health. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of a 20% curcumin mouthwash compared to a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash on dental plaque and gingivitis. Materials and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 39 patients aged 20 and older with gingivitis participated, randomly assigned to three groups of 13. All participants initially received scaling treatment. Group 1 utilized chlorhexidine mouthwash (SRP/CHX Gr-1), while Group 2 used curcumin mouthwash (SRP/CUR Gr-2). Group 3 received only scaling (SRP Gr-3) with the placebo mouthwash (distilled water). Gingival bleeding and plaque indices were recorded on Day 0 (before treatment) and Day 14, and the differences among the groups were statistically analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-tests. Results: Clinical parameters improved in all three groups compared to baseline. Both the curcumin and chlorhexidine groups exhibited statistically significant improvements in the gingival bleeding index compared to the control group (Gr-3) (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the dental plaque index (P > 0.05). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in the modified sulcular bleeding index and plaque index (Turesky) between the curcumin and chlorhexidine groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that curcumin is comparable to chlorhexidine as an anti-inflammatory mouthwash and can serve as an effective adjunct in periodontal treatments.
Rehabilitating the posterior atrophic maxilla presents a significant challenge due to the need to create sufficient bone volume for implant placement. The amount of existing bone height is critical in deciding between a one-stage or two-stage lateral sinus lift procedure. This review investigates the feasibility of implant placement in the atrophic maxilla during simultaneous maxillary sinus floor augmentation, focusing on implant survival rates, particularly when the bone height is less than 5 mm. By analyzing implant survival rates in this specific scenario, this comprehensive review contributes to the understanding of successful implant integration in the posterior atrophic maxilla.
