Abstract: Time attitudes are individuals' emotional and evaluative feelings toward the past, present, and future. We examined the internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent validity of scores on the Persian Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory–Time Attitudes (AATI-TA) scale in Iranian adolescents and young adults. Sample 1 included 387 high school students aged 15–18, and Sample 2 included 378 university students aged 18–52. The AATI-TA has six subscales; scores were reliable in both samples (α = .76–.93). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the six-factor model, and scores achieved scalar invariance across samples. Time attitude scores were not associated with age but were meaningfully associated with life satisfaction (Sample 1) and optimism (Sample 2), supporting convergent validity. The Persian AATI-TA is psychometrically sound for research in Iran and cross-cultural comparisons.
Abstract: Over 20% of global suicide deaths occur in India, with young adults in college representing a high-risk group. Guided by the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide, prior research demonstrates that thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) are associated with increased suicide risk in Indian college students. Potential cultural factors that may strengthen or weaken this relationship have not been investigated. In this study, the influence of two culturally relevant moderators was examined: (1) collectivism and (2) inclusion of others in the self. College students from Northern India ( N = 194, 58% women, M age = 20.23 years) completed self-report questionnaires. Across bivariate and regression models, greater inclusion of mother in one’s self was associated with lower ideation duration whereas greater inclusion of romantic partner in one’s self was associated with higher ideation duration. In addition, findings indicated that inclusion of father in one’s self moderated the association between PB and suicidal ideation duration such that, at high levels of inclusion of father in one’s self, PB was positively associated with suicidal ideation duration, and, at low levels, the PB–ideation association was nonsignificant. For Indian college students, differential associations between relationship domains and their inclusion in one’s self-construal highlight the importance of examining specific relational dynamics in understanding risk, along with further contextualizing the relationship between PB and suicide risk.
Abstract: The current study explores the marital beliefs of emerging adults from Türkiye ( n = 347) and the United States ( n = 556) with emphasis on how individual and family predictors might differentially associate with marital beliefs by each cultural group. Controlling for differences regarding gender, sexual orientation, age, being in a relationship, and religious centrality, the samples differed on most of the six types of marital beliefs as prescribed by Marital Paradigm Theory. Overall, the Turkish sample placed relatively less importance on getting married and on the centrality of the marital role, but generally held more conventional beliefs (e.g., shorter ideal engagement lengths, younger age at marriage, merging of identities, marital permanence). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that some individual (gender, age, current relationship status) and family background (married biological parents, parents’ marital quality, maternal support) predictors of marital beliefs differed by sample. This study deepens understanding of marital expectations and intentions and underscores how these intersecting factors can inform efforts to promote healthy marital perspectives.
Abstract: Objective: We aimed to assess the impact of extreme events associated with collective existential annihilation anxiety (EAA), such as the Halabja chemical attack on Iraqi Kurds 35 years ago. Method: We recruited 437 survivors and their offspring. We developed a scale to measure the severity of the chemical attack, employed measures that assess EAA, executive functions, PTSD, complex PTSD (CPTSD), depression, anxiety, the Will to Exist Live Survive (WTELS), resilience, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). We conducted correlation, SEM, and PROCESS-Macro analyses to examine the impact of the attack, and t test to measure differences between survivors and offspring. Results: The attack was associated with EAA and negatively impacted working memory and coping variables (resilience, PTG, and WTELS-F). Working memory deficits, EAA, and lower coping contributed to higher CPTSD, PTSD, depression, and anxiety. EAA moderated the mediated effects of depression and anxiety on CPTSD and the effects of CPTSD on anxiety. EAA was a significant moderator for the direct effects of the Halabja attack on anxiety and moderated the mediated effects of CPTSD. When comparing survivors to offspring, survivors showed greater EAA, working memory deficits, and PTG. There were no significant differences between them in low resilience, WTELS-F, and high PTSD, CPTSD, or depression. Conclusion: The cognitive and mental health impact of annihilation-threatening events is severe even after 35 years. The descendants continue to experience the effects of intergenerational trauma stemming from the attack. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support systems for victims of EAA-associated events and their descendants.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, academic stress, and well-being in Italian university students, aiming to develop a psychosocial model, mediated by student self-efficacy, that explains these relationships. Participants (N = 252; 72% women, M age = 22) completed a self-report questionnaire that included socio-demographic data and validated scales for academic stress, well-being, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and student self-efficacy. Using the SPSS PROCESS macro, mediation analyses were carried out to examine whether student self-efficacy mediates the relationships between sleep quality and daytime sleepiness as predictors, and well-being and academic stress as outcomes. The results showed that poorer sleep quality and greater daytime sleepiness are associated with lower student self-efficacy. This decrease was, in turn, associated with reduced well-being and increased academic stress. In both models, student self-efficacy mediated the effect of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness on the considered outcomes. These relations echo patterns observed in Western, Asian, and Middle Eastern contexts, underscoring the international relevance of the relationships analyzed. Without assuming causal links, this transnational convergence suggests the model’s potential applicability across different cultural contexts and highlights the need for verification through longitudinal and cross-cultural studies. The study contributes to the literature by expanding the understanding of sleep-related variables as antecedents rather than outcomes, a perspective less explored, especially within the Italian context. Findings highlight the importance of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and student self-efficacy in the psychosocial experiences of students and suggest that addressing these dimensions preventively could improve their overall functioning.
