Breast hamartoma is a rare benign tumor. The diagnosis is most often made by chance during the exploration of a breast mass. The characteristic image is that of a “breast in the breast” on MRI as well as on ultrasound and mammography. We reported the case of a patient who was discovered by chance during the examination of a breast mass.
Hyperprolactinemia is an endocrine disorder affecting the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary axis, more commonly seen in women where it manifests as galactorrhoea, secondary amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea. In men, symptoms related to hypogonadism are seen such as erectile dysfunction, oligospermia, diminished volume of ejaculate and decreased libido. Hyperprolactinemia can be due to pituitary prolactinomas, may be drug-induced or idiopathic. We report a rare case of hyperprolactinemia in an elderly male secondary to invasive fungal sinusitis.
The authors reported an extremely rare case of complete spontaneous thrombosis of a pial arteriovenous malformation associated with a large intranidal aneurysm in an infant. A 10-month-old infant experienced nocturnal seizure witnessed by her mother. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain disclosed a ruptured intranidal aneurysm resulting in acute hemorrhage in left anterior interhemispheric subdural space with extension along posterior interhemispheric space, tentorium, bilateral tentorial cerebelli, and hemisphericconvexities. MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed a pial arteriovenous malformation (AVM), at medial side of the left superior frontal gyrus, associated with a large partially thrombosed aneurysm with perianeurysmal edema. Cerebral angiography confirmed a small pial AVM arising from left middle internal frontal branches of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) with early venous drainage into medial frontal veins and forward to the superior sagittal sinus. Subseletive injection of the left ACA injection clearly demonstrated multiple indirect small feeders, unsuitable for endovascular treatment. Sequential MRI of the brain revealed the evolution of a large partially thrombosed intranidal aneurysm with surrounding parenchymal edema. Follow-up MRI and contrasted MRA, obtained at the age of 7 years, demonstrated complete obliteration of the pial AVM and large thrombosed intranidal aneurysm. At the age of 11 years, control angiography confirmed total disappearance of the pial arteriovenous malformation and a large thrombosed intranidal aneurysm. The factors associated with spontaneous regression of a ruptured pial AVM and an associated intranidal aneurysm in the present case was the presence of intracranial hemorrhage and small nidus.
Background: Upper abdominal pain is one of the most common complains by patients referred by GP. Abdominal ultrasound (USS) remains the primary imaging technique in majority of cases and considered safe, rapid and noninvasive method of abdominal examination.Objectives: The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of relevant USS findings in patient with chronic abdominal pain and to determine its relation to the site of pain.Methods: In all patients the site of pain was localized and abdominal USS was done. After collection and check of data, SPSS was used for data entry and analysis.Results: A total of 620 patients were enrolled in the study; (10.48%) complained of RHC pain, (8.7%) complained of epigastric pain, (49.84%) complained of non-specific generalized pain, (20.65%) complained of unilateral loin pain and (10.3%) complained of bilateral loin pain. Less than half (44.8%) of cases had relevant findings such as; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis.Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound is an important modality in detection of relevant findings and can reduce the number of patients referred to specialist but in some cases can be of little value. Adequate clinical information and good examination are essential to enable the choice of appropriate modality and to reduce the number of unnecessary ultrasound examination.
Submitral aneurysm is a rare entity, possibly arising due to the disjunction between the left ventricular musculature and the left atrium-mitral valve region. We describe a rare case of a calcified submitral aneurysm arising from the inferomedial posterior mitral valve annulus associated with right subclavian artery aneurysm and left subclavian artery occlusion.
