Aim/Background: Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI or Gen AI) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that produces multimedia content, including text, images, stories, videos, music, and other digital artifacts. Gen AI leverages the deep learning techniques and large language models is to generate human-like text and advanced innovative outputs. The study investigates the public perception, engagement, trust and decision-making related information by using Generative AI tools in individuals' daily life. Materials and Methods: Data was collected from 180 individuals who are using current Generative AI applications regularly to support their work. By using Jamovi software Reliability analysis conducted and Cronbach's alpha showed in 0.815, it indicates strong internal consistency. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to validate the measurement model and followed by multiple regression analysis is to examine the relationship between public perception, engagement, trust, and decision-making. Results: Results revealed that trust and decision-making were not statistically significant (p=0.630) in most cases, suggesting that the Pharmacists perceptions of Generative AI as innovative, they do not fully embrace it, and trust remains limited. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Pharmacists perception of Generative AI as innovative, limited trust and remains a barrier to a full adoption and highlighting the need for strategies that enhance the transparency, reliability and ethical safeguards to support its use in everyday decision-making.
Aim/Background: This study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrimidine derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Materials and Methods: The compounds were synthesized via a two-step process: condensation of acetophenone with aromatic aldehydes yielded substituted chalcones, which were then cyclized with guanidine hydrochloride using Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). This green chemistry method afforded high yields (70-90%) in short reaction times (10-15 min). The synthesized derivatives were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TLC, elemental analysis, and melting point determination. PASS prediction and molecular docking indicated promising anti-inflammatory potential via inhibition of Taurine dehydrogenase. Results: In vivo evaluation using the Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema model, with Nimesulide as reference, confirmed significant anti-inflammatory activity in several compounds. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate a correlation between structural features and biological activity. The integration of green synthesis, in silico modeling and pharmacological testing supports the development of pyrimidine derivatives as promising anti-inflammatory candidates.
Background: To formulate and assess floating bilayer tablets of Tizanidine Hydrochloride (TZN) intended to extend gastric retention and for sustained release of the drug. Materials and Methods: Six bilayered floating tablets(F7-F12) were prepared using one of the best immediate release formulations out of the six immediate release formulations (F1-F6) prepared and the other is sustained release layer. The Immediate-Release (IR) layer contained super-disintegrants Lycoat and Ludiflash, while the Sustained-Release (SR) layer included Sodium Alginate and Carbopol Talc, PVP K30, Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC), Lactose, and Isopropyl alcohol. The compressed bilayered tablets were evaluated for post compression parameters like drug release studies, lag time, floating time etc. Results and Discussion: Formulations F3 (IR) and F12 (SR) were identified as optimal. The F12 tablets exhibited excellent buoyancy, with a lag time of 123 sec and remained floating beyond 12 hr; they delivered approximately 99.12% of the drug over this period. The release of drug from the SR layer was zero-order kinetics and Super Case II transport, reflecting a stable, controlled release pattern. FTIR spectra showed no interactions between TZN and formulation components. Conclusion: The developed tizanidine hydrochloride floating bilayer tablets especially F12 successfully combined prolonged gastric residence with sustained drug release, highlighting a promising gastro-retentive delivery system to improve TZN's therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability.
Objectives: Glucose Oxidase (GOx) is a essential enzyme used in several industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. However, commercial-scale production continues to face challenges due to high processing costs and the environmental impact linked with conventional manufacturing approaches. Materials and Methods: In this work, a simple and sustainable method was explored to enhance GOx production using Aspergillus niger cultivated on pineapple rind. Results: The findings indicated that pineapple rind served as an excellent fermentation substrate, producing a noticeably higher enzyme yield compared to routinely used media. These results highlight the potential of agricultural waste materials such as pineapple rind as an efficient, low-cost option for large-scale GOx production. Utilizing this agro-industrial residue not only lowers production expenses but also offers an eco-friendly solution by converting waste biomass into a useful resource. Conclusion: The study establishes the feasibility of achieving enhanced GOx production, reaching up to 136 IU/mL, thereby highlighting a greener and more economical approach for industrial enzyme manufacture.
Aim/Background: The aim of the present study was to develop and optimize a dosage form of L-arginine as a nanoparticle for prolonged release. The Quality by Design (QbD) approach was employed to develop and optimize the dosage form using Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD). Nutraceutical-loaded nanoparticles were developed by nanoprecipitation technique using Eudragit L 100, methanol and polyvinyl alcohol solution. Materialsand Methods: The concentration of Eudragit L 100 and solvent to antisolvent was considered as independent variable whereas particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and entrapment efficiency were the dependent responses. A 3$<^>2$ FCCCD was used to develop 3D Response surface plot and to get an optimized formulation. Results:The optimized formulation demonstrated desirable values of Particle Size of 103.97 nm, Zeta Potential of 0.771, Drug Loading (%) of 24.826, and Entrapment Efficiency (%) 74.26. The optimized formulation was validated by preparing four additional batches using the determined optimal values of independent variables. A comparison between the experimental and predicted values demonstrated close agreement, confirming the reliability of the optimized data. Conclusion: The current research study helps to optimize L-arginine drug delivery systems, significantly reducing the need for exhaustive experimentation while ensuring high-quality formulations.
Background: Isotretinoin, a retinoid derivative of vitamin A, is widely used for the treatment of severe recalcitrant acne, reduces sebum production, suppresses sebaceous gland activity, and exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties and certain dermatological disorders that do not respond to conventional therapy. Materials and Methods: Evaluated a new method using a Supelco Ascentis Express C18 column (150 mm & times; 4.6 mm, 2.7 & micro;m). Gradient elution was employed with mobile phase A (0.1 mL formic acid in 1000 mL water) and mobile phase B (0.1 mL formic acid in 1000 mL of 60:40 methanol: acetonitrile). Results and Discussion: A robust and stability-indicating Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of specified impurities in isotretinoin-containing semi-solid formulations. The method exhibited excellent sensitivity, with quantitation limits of 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.02%, and 0.02% for epoxy impurity, 11,13-di-cis impurity, tretinoin impurity, and isotretinoin, respectively. Validation parameters, including accuracy (85-110% recovery), precision, linearity, and robustness, met ICH guidelines. Conclusion: The method efficiently resolves isotretinoin from its known impurities, including epoxy impurity, 11,13-di-cis impurity, and tretinoin impurity, forced degradation studies confirmed the specificity and stability-indicating nature of the method. This method is highly suitable for routine quality control of isotretinoin formulations.
Background: Transdermal drug delivery systems provide a sophisticated and patient-compliant strategy for arthritis management by maintaining consistent plasma concentrations, reducing dosing frequency, and minimizing gastrointestinal adverse effects commonly associated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to develop and optimize a controlled-release transdermal system of diclofenac sodium capable of sustaining therapeutic plasma levels, enhancing patient adherence, and improving treatment efficacy compared with conventional oral dosage forms. Materials and Methods: Diclofenac sodium patches were fabricated using the solvent-casting technique with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30) as film-forming polymers, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) as a plasticizer, and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) as a permeation enhancer. Nine Formulations (F1-F9) were evaluated for physicochemical parameters including thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, drug content, and moisture content. Drug-polymer compatibility and structural integrity were assessed using FTIR, DSC,TGA, and SEM. In vitro release studies were performed in Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and kinetic modeling was conducted using zero-order, first-order, and Higuchi equations to elucidate the release mechanism. Results and Discussion: All formulations displayed satisfactory physicochemical properties with uniform drug distribution and matrix stability. FTIR, DSC, and TGA confirmed the absence of drug-polymer interactions, while SEM micrographs revealed smooth and homogeneous surface morphology. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained release up to 9 hr, with F4, F5, and F6 showing the highest cumulative release (89.54%, 94.14%, and 94.57%, respectively). Drug release followed zero-order kinetics (R-2=0.9313-0.989), indicating a concentration-independent, non-Fickian mechanism involving both diffusion and polymer relaxation. Skin irritation testing demonstrated excellent dermal compatibility, with a Primary Irritation Index (PII) < 0.4. According to Draize classification, the patches were non-irritant and safe for dermal application. Conclusion: Diclofenac sodium transdermal patches formulated with HPMC and PVP K-30 exhibited desirable physicochemical and kinetic properties, with F5 and F6 showing superior sustained-release performance. The non-irritant profile and stable matrix characteristics underscore their potential as effective and safe candidates for transdermal therapy in arthritis management.
Objectives: Dental diseases affect nearly 70% of the global population, often leading to extractions due to periodontitis, caries, or trauma. Post-extraction complications such as bacterial infections, pain, inflammation, and bleeding hinder healing. This study aims to develop clindamycin-loaded dental cones as a localized drug delivery system to manage post-extraction complications effectively. Materials and Methods: Dental cones were prepared using gelatin and agar-agar via the mold-filling method. The formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release, antibacterial efficacy, swelling index, and stability. Drug release kinetics were analyzed using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar disc diffusion method. Stability was assessed under refrigeration for one month. Results: In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a gradual and controlled release over five days, with the F8 formulation exhibiting the highest cumulative release. Drug release in formulations F7 and F8 ranged from 2.97% to 82.06% and 2.17% to 86.53%, respectively. Antibacterial studies confirmed the effectiveness of these formulations against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, highlighting their potential for infection control. Swelling index analysis showed that F8 exhibited the highest swelling (43%), correlating with sustained drug release. Kinetic modeling indicated that drug release followed the Higuchi model and zero-order kinetics, suggesting a controlled diffusion mechanism. Stability evaluations indicated that refrigeration maintained the integrity and effectiveness of the cones over time. Conclusion: The biodegradable clindamycin dental cones provide sustained drug release, infection control, and reduced inflammation, offering an alternative to conventional post-extraction treatments while minimizing systemic side effects. Their stability and therapeutic efficacy make them a promising advancement in dental therapeutics.
Background: Network pharmacology provides a comprehensive systems-level framework for the domains of drug discovery, precision medicine, and the repurposing of therapeutics. Despite the rapid advancement of technology, the psychological readiness of healthcare professionals has gotten less attention. Imposter Syndrome (IS), a condition marked by persistent self-doubt inspite of demonstrated competence, may hinder the incorporation of such cutting-edge instruments. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of IS on the readiness to adopt network pharmacology tools, while also assessing the mediating role of training adequacy and the moderating influence of peer support. Materials and Methods: validated tools used to assess IS, adoption readiness, training adequacy, and peer support, 450 doctors, pharmacists, and researchers from Andhra Pradesh participated in a survey. We used regression, mediation, and moderation models to analyse the data. Results: The findings showed a negative correlation between IS and adoption readiness. (beta=-0.39, R2=0.17, p<0.001). Training adequacy (beta=-0.12, p<0.001) and institutional culture ((beta=-0.09, p<0.01) were found to partially mediate this relationship, whereas peer support acted as a moderator (interaction (beta =0.16, p=0.001). Conclusion: Social and psychological support networks are just as important to the effective implementation of network pharmacology as technical training. In order to lessen the negative effects of IS and increase healthcare professionals' confidence and readiness to use cutting-edge pharmaceutical tools, comprehensive training programs and strong peer networks are crucial.
Background: The NS5 protein in Dengue Virus Serotype-1 (DENV-1) is a multifunctional enzyme that is crucial for the virus to reproduce and evade the immune system. One important part of NS5 is the methyltransferase (MTase) domain, which modifies the viral RNA genome by adding methyl groups to the 5' cap structure. This modification protects the genome from host cell exonucleases and helps with translation. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used several computational methods to analyze the structure and function of the NS5 methyltransferase domain. Results: We looked at its secondary structure and disordered regions with feature mapping and SDISOPRED3 plots, predicted protein-protein interactions using DeepMeta PSICOV, and identified possible immune recognition sites through epitope prediction. These sites could be important for developing vaccines and therapies. Conclusion: Overall, our analyses highlight key features of the NS5 methyltransferase domain and show its potential as a target for treating DENV-1 infection.
Background: Surplus human biospecimens serve as a valuable resource for advancing scientific discovery, and their ethical management is essential for maintaining integrity in biomedical research. Clinical Trial Sponsors hold a particularly important role in ensuring that these materials are handled in accordance with established ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks. This study explores the level of awareness, perceptions, and practices among sponsors regarding the ethical use of leftover human biospecimens for future research purposes. Materials and Methods: A forward-looking interventional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire administered to Clinical Trial Sponsors. Participants completed surveys before and after an educational intervention addressing ethical principles, regulatory mandates, and best-practice procedures related to biospecimen use. A follow-up assessment was carried out 30 days after the intervention. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools, including a paired t-test, to compare pre- and post-intervention scores. Results: A total of 52 participants took part in the study. Analysis revealed statistically significant improvements across all awareness, perceptions, and practices indicators following the intervention (p<0.001). Participants demonstrated greater clarity on essential ethical concepts, regulatory obligations, and correct biospecimen-handling procedures, indicating a strong positive effect of the educational program. Conclusion: Targeted educational initiatives markedly strengthen the ethical understanding and responsible conduct of Clinical Trial Sponsors in the management of surplus human biospecimens. These findings emphasize the need for ongoing training efforts and continued policy enhancement to reinforce ethical foundations and ensure sustained regulatory compliance within biospecimen-based research.
Background: The presence of community pharmacists in the field is particularly important because they operate on the front line of contact with the population when providing the best health care. Evaluating their Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) towards willingness to engage in professional responsibilities is essential for improving pharmacy services and public health outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved several phases, starting with the design and development of a comprehensive questionnaire, followed by rigorous psychometric validation. An extensive literature review and consultations with experts ensured the questionnaire's face and content validity. A pilot test with pharmacists refined the questions, while reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and construct validity was evaluated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results: The final questionnaire comprised 40 items distributed across three domains: Knowledge (13 items), Attitude (12 items), and Practice (15 items). With Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.9068 to 0.9418, it demonstrated strong internal consistency, while exploratory factor analysis confirmed its construct validity with a clear factor structure. Conclusion: This reliable and user-friendly instrument, termed the Knowledge, Attitude, and Willingness to Practice (KAwP) questionnaire, effectively assesses community pharmacists' willingness to practice. It is a valuable tool to identify knowledge gaps, enhance attitudes, and improve pharmacy practices through targeted research and training interventions.
Background: It is very hard to measure Methotrexate (MTX), $(CUR), and Etodolac (ETO) all at the same time because they have very different chemical and physical qualities and might work well together in inflammation and cancer treatments. Objectives: The goal is to create and test a reliable Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for measuring MTX, CUR, and ETO at the same time using the Design of Experiments (DOE) method for method improvement. Materials and Methods: A full DOE approach using Box-Behnken design was used to find the best chromatographic conditions, such as the makeup of the mobile phase, the flow rate, and the temperature of the column. The method was checked against the ICH Q2(R1) standards for linearity, specificity, accuracy, reliability, and stability. Results: The best method achieved baseline separation with retention times of 3.2 +/- 0.1 min for MTX, 8.7 +/- 0.1 min for CUR, and 12.4 +/- 0.1 min for ETO. We made linear calibration curves for concentrations of 5 to 50 mu g/mL of MTX, 10 to 100 mu g/mL of CUR, and 25 to 250 mu g/mL of ETO. The correlation coefficients (r2) were all greater than 0.999. The method worked very well, with an RSD of less than 2.0% and an accuracy range of 98-102% for all analytes. Conclusion: The RP-HPLC method that was created is a strong, accurate, and reliable way to measure the amounts of MTX, CUR, and ETO all at the same time. It can be used for bioanalytical and pharmaceutical quality control.
