The purpose of this research is to determine the correlations between the capacity of the solar power station, the energy generated by it, and the investment made for the installation of the station based on the correlationregression analysis. Within the framework of the research: these are the basic financial ratios calculated, the knowledge, which is necessary to determine the profitability of the project (NPV, IRR, Payback Period PI). Furthermore, the paper, based on certain assumptions, shows how the increase in investments in renewable energy (solar) sources could affect the energy sector.
The stocks of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have declined in the sea and in many rivers in North America and Europe in recent years and are experiencing a crisis. Despite their high degree of legal protection, the quality of their aquatic environments within rivers and in the sea, including local coastal waters, appears to be deteriorating. Salmon survival, has declined both within the sea and within rivers. The status of the Atlantic salmon stocks is considered here, together with the adverse effects of different sources, and those steps that may need to be taken to improve the condition of the salmon. This paper is intended to assist management bodies in taking steps to resolve the problems that exist for salmon, both within rivers and in the sea. It makes particular use of information available from the River Dee in Scotland.
Dryland areas are regarded as highly sensitive to climatic changes. A positive relationship between average annual rainfall, and environmental factors (water availability, species diversity, etc.), is often assumed for areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-300 mm. However, the global climatological models fail to address an important issue. The above assumption disregards the fact that a climate change in some dry-land areas is not limited to climatic factors. It is often accompanied by a pronounced variability in surface properties, such as the deposition of loess in a wet climatic phase, and of sand during a dry climatic phase. Needless to say, the spatial variability of the new surface properties may have variable effects on water resources and related environmental variables. In addition, the climatic models, based on average annual rainfall, disregard the rainfall characteristics at the rain-shower level, which greatly influence the degree to which rainwater will percolate, or will be transformed into runoff, thereby significantly affecting the spatial redistribution of water resources. In other words, a climate change in dryland areas would be expected to have differential hydrological effects in a sandy area, a rocky area, or in a loess covered area. Differential spatial hydrological effects would be also expected within each of the areas listed above. The present manuscript deals with the complex relationships between average annual rainfall, and environmental variables in sandy areas, at three research sites, along a rainfall gradient of 90-450 mm, in the south eastern Mediterranean area, Israel. Data obtained clearly show that average annual rainfall is not a good indicator of water resources, and ecosystem structure, in each of the sites; and the controlling factors vary from one site to another.
Many marine and freshwater fisheries are now in a very poor state, and many fish stocks are close to collapse. There is a need to manage fisheries more carefully, especially since fishing can affect other aspects of the environment. It is also important to reduce the adverse effects of climate changes upon the marine and freshwater environments, fish, and other animals, and the need to manage other human activities taking place in the sea, to improve the marine environment and protect the wildlife and the fishing activities. Forms of pollution, including plastics, and also noise and substrate vibration, from industrial and other activities may affect both the abundance and quality of fish and other marine animals. This paper deals with fisheries management, and environmental protection, and concludes that fishermen, fisheries scientists, fisheries managers and environmental interests must work closely together, if fish are to be adequately protected, and fisheries are to be better managed. It describes current systems of management. It especially draws attention to the importance of moving towards an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. Such an approach aims to manage all those human activities that have an impact upon the marine environment and its life forms. Keywords: Fish; Fisheries; Environments; Ecosystems; Management; Scientists
In the last few decades, harmful human activities such as burning fossil fuels have caused a rapid rise in toxicgreenhouse gas emissions, trapping Earth’s surface heat which raises global temperatures. The issue of global warmingis prevalent today as temperatures on Earth are increasing at an alarming rate. This increase causes the ice caps inthe Arctic Sea and Antarctica to melt faster which is problematic because cumulative research attests that ice restrainssea levels from reaching cataclysmic levels. The Arctic Ocean and Antarctica exhibit a balancing effect that controlsthe amount of ice melted and produced as each polar region experiences its summer or winter season. Furthermore,as vaporization levels are extremely low in Polar Regions, these regions utilize ice as a more effective alternative forwater retention. In addition, because ice’s unique qualities, major volume displacement that would detrimentally damagecoastal ports and cities can be evaded.
