ABSTRACT Comparing ternary nanofluids is vital in science and engineering because it helps identify the most efficient combinations for heat and mass transfer while balancing cost and minimizing drawbacks like frictional losses. This study examines the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a trihybrid nanofluid through a diverging/converging channel, incorporating the influence of chemical reactions and a non‐uniform source of heat. This study aims to assess two different combinations of trihybrid nanofluids to determine which setups produce the highest thermal conduction, optimal mass transfer, and minimal frictional losses, all while maintaining cost efficiency. For comparison of the temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles, as well as the mass and heat transfer characteristics, we consider two trihybrid nanofluids: AA7075+AA7072+Ag with water as the base fluid, and ++MgO with blood as the base fluid. For numerical solution of the governing equations, we utilized the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta approach alongside the shooting strategy. Increasing from −1.5 to −0.9 results in a 34 reduction in skin friction for ternary nanofluid AA7075+AA7072+Ag while 33.94 reduction for ternary nanofluid ++MgO. The regression model indicates that Nusselt number exhibits greater sensitivity to ++MgO nanofluid for Prandtl number and Eckert number between lower and upper walls. While the amalgamation of AA7075+AA7072+Ag is costlier, the nanoparticle combination of ++MgO provides a more economical alternative with enhanced thermal conductivity, rendering it more appropriate for extensive practical applications. These findings contribute to the design and control of nanofluid‐based thermal and solutal systems in engineering and applied sciences.
ABSTRACT In this paper, we derive the static equations for a poro‐elastic plate from Biot's equations. The Young's modulus of the plate is assumed to evolve by adapting to the difference between the potential energy resulting from the plate's response to the applied forces and its homeostatic potential energy. The Biot–Willis relations are used to model the fluid–solid interaction moduli as a function of porosity . The numerical schemes for handling a plate of general shape, as well as a simplified scheme for a radially symmetric plate, together with the numerical results of the simplified case, are all presented in the last section of the paper.
ABSTRACT This study presents the first comprehensive and rigorous investigation of the primary resonance behavior of geometrically nonlinear (NL) doubly curved laminated nanocomposite shells with spherical and hyperbolic paraboloid geometries resting on a Winkler elastic foundation (WEF) under external excitation. The proposed model ensures both physical realism and mathematical consistency, thereby addressing a significant gap in existing literature. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced via the Galerkin method, and for the first time, the Method of Multiple Time Scales (MTS) is applied to this class of problems, yielding a highly detailed and explicit solution procedure. Unlike conventional treatments, the entire solution procedure is presented in a fully transparent manner, revealing both new mathematical structures and physically meaningful insights into nonlinear resonance behavior. Closed‐form amplitude‐dependent nonlinear frequency relations are derived. The analysis is entirely original and provides a robust theoretical foundation that is expected to guide future research and significantly advance the design of next‐generation nanocomposite shell structures.
ABSTRACT In the past few years, the performance of smart sandwich nanoplates made of auxetic cores has been receiving much attention due to their superior adaptive and control capabilities in vibrations. The effects of anti‐tetra‐chiral geometry, piezoelectric control, heat, and size effects on the dynamic performance of these structures are not clear so far. This study uses a newly formed four‐variable non‐polynomial shear deformation theory to examine the thermal vibration behavior of a smart sandwich nanoplate consisting of a Ti‐6Al‐4V anti‐tetra‐chiral auxetic core and two PZT‐5H piezoelectric faces. The effects of the auxetic geometric parameters, electric potential, boundary conditions, and the ratio of the thickness of the nanoplate on the natural frequency are evaluated under different temperature conditions using the parametric analysis approach. The results show that the natural frequency of the nanoplate decreases considerably due to the effect of heat, while the auxetic geometric parameters and electric potential are effective in controlling the dynamic performance of the sandwich nanoplate. In addition, the current results show that the interaction effect among the electric, heat, and mechanical fields increases with the temperature level. The current research is expected to provide a strong theoretical basis for the design and optimization of temperature‐sensitive smart sandwich nanostructures.
ABSTRACT The unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of penta nanofluid are investigated in response to the demand for enhanced thermal performance in engineering applications. The study aims to investigate the influence of magnetic field, velocity slips, and permeable surfaces under stretching and shrinking environment on the flow and temperature fields. The governing equations are formulated, then transformed using similarity variables, and solved numerically with the bvp4c solver in MATLAB, through which dual solutions are obtained. The results indicate that suction suppresses both velocity and temperature distributions by thinning the corresponding boundary layers. The magnetic field modifies the flow through Lorentz force, either retarding or enhancing the fluid motion for the respective surface condition. Velocity slip effects are found to significantly influence near wall transport, where stronger slip weakens momentum exchange and alters heat transfer behaviour. Analysis of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number shows that the addition of nanoparticles reduces momentum transport while enhancing thermal performance. Among the nanofluid configurations considered, the penta nanofluid provides the highest heat transfer rate compared with mono, hybrid, ternary, and tetra nanofluids. In addition, the critical stretching or shrinking parameter is observed to expand with increasing magnetic influence and to contract as nanoparticles are added sequentially, with a slight expansion occurring upon inclusion of the fifth nanoparticle. The findings highlight the capability of penta nanofluids to improve heat removal efficiency, indicating their potential relevance in cooling processes, energy systems, and other thermal management technologies.
