Objective: To compare sleep quality and food choice motives across different body weight status among undergraduate students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2025 at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia. Eligible participants were full-time Malaysian undergraduate students aged 18–25 years. Body weight status was determined using body mass index (BMI) and categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obesity according to Asian-specific cut-offs. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while food choice motives were assessed using a modified 38-item Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) covering 10 domains. Results: Of total 251 undergraduate students, the median age was 21.0 (IQR: 20.0–22.0) years. Normal weight was observed in 108 (43.0%) students, followed by underweight and overweight in 59 (23.5%) each and obesity in 25 (10.0%). Overall, 108 (43.0%) students had good sleep quality, while 143 (57.0%) had poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was insignificantly higher among overweight/obese students (p-value =0.692). Most food choice motives showed no significant differences across BMI categories (p-value >0.05); however, weight-control motives differed significantly (p-value =0.014), with the highest median scores among normal weight and students with obesity 3.33 (IQR: 2.33–3.92) and 3.00 (IQR: 2.2.33–4.00), respectively and the lowest among underweight students 2.67 (IQR: 1.67–3.33). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was common, but did not differ across BMI categories. Most food choice motives were similar, except weight control motives, which had higher scores among normal weight and overweight/obesity students.
A normal umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein. A four-vessel umbilical cord is uncommon, and the variant with three arteries and one vein is among its rarest forms. We report this anomaly, found incidentally in a late-preterm neonate. A 22-year-old primigravida delivered a 2.38-kg male infant vaginally at 35 weeks of gestation after an uneventful pregnancy; an antenatal ultrasound performed at another facility had been reported as normal. Apgar scores were 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. During preparation for umbilical venous catheterization, four vessels were seen in the umbilical stump, and histopathological examination confirmed three arteries and one vein. The cord was short, measuring 15 cm. Echocardiography and cranial and abdominal ultrasonography showed no structural abnormality. The infant remained stable, fed well, and was discharged in good condition. This case shows that a supernumerary umbilical vessel can escape antenatal detection, and it supports careful inspection of the cord at every birth, followed by a targeted search for associated anomalies once an abnormal vessel count is found.
Objective: To assess the prevalence, stage distribution, comorbidity patterns, and health outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria from January 2020 to December 2025. Patients with a documented CKD diagnosis and sufficient information were included. CKD was staged according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), expressed in mL/min/1.73 m², as G1 (≥90), G2 (60–89), G3a (45–59), G3b (30–44), G4 (15–29), and G5 (<15). Comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, while outcomes included discharge, death, and referral. Results: Of total 38,800 hospital admissions during 2020–2025, 2,730 (7.0%) were CKD admissions, with annual prevalence ranging from 400 (6.3%) to 550 (8.5%). G3a was the most common CKD stage 797 (29.2%), followed by G2 572 (21.0%) and G3b 558 (20.4%). Comorbidities were documented in 2,314 (84.8%) patients, with hypertension being the most common 1,008 (43.6%), followed by diabetes mellitus 743 (32.1%) and cardiovascular disease 563 (24.3%). Overall, 2,219 (81.3%) patients were discharged, 353 (12.9%) died, and 158 (5.8%) were referred, with mortality and referral increasing and discharge decreasing with advancing CKD stage. Conclusion: CKD represented a substantial hospital burden, with moderate stages being most common and hypertension the leading documented comorbidity. Mortality and referral increased, while discharge decreased, with advancing CKD stage.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of family members of patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) in a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Chitwan, Nepal from July 2025 to October 2025. Adults who were close relatives, had visited the MICU at least three times, and had patients admitted for more than 72 hours were included through consecutive sampling. Family satisfaction was assessed using the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU 24) questionnaire, comprising 14 items on care and 10 items on decision-making. Each item was rated on a five point liker scale and then recoded to a 0–100 scale, with higher mean scores indicating greater satisfaction. Results: Of total 126 family members participated, with a mean age of 41.04 ±14.25 years. The overall mean FS-ICU satisfaction score was 70.02 ±23.96, with scores of 69.01 ±25.76 for FS-Care and 71.63 ±22.80 for FS-Decision Making. The highest item scores were observed for control over care (81.55 ±24.53), inclusion in decision-making (80.56 ±25.47), and support during decision-making (78.37 ±26.90), while the lowest were reported for MICU atmosphere (64.88 ±31.97), waiting-room atmosphere (65.87 ±29.93), and satisfaction with the level of healthcare (66.87 ±29.97). Conclusion: Family members reported generally satisfactory MICU care, with higher satisfaction in decision-making. Satisfaction was highest for control over care, inclusion in decision-making, and support during decision-making, and lowest for MICU atmosphere, waiting-room atmosphere, and level of healthcare.
Objective: To assess the functional performance of the ipsilateral upper limb in breast cancer patients after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, from May 2025 to March 2026. Female breast cancer patients undergoing unilateral ALND were enrolled. Functional performance was assessed using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, horizontal abduction, and horizontal adduction measured through digital goniometry, along with inter-limb volume difference measured through circumferential arm measurements. Higher DASH scores indicated poorer function, while higher range of motion values reflected better recovery. Inter-limb volume difference was categorized as normal (<5%), subclinical (5–9.9%), or clinical lymphedema (≥10%). Assessments were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: Among 60 patients, the median age was 51.5 years (IQR: 39.2–59.7). DASH scores increased postoperatively with maximum impairment at 3 months followed by partial recovery at 6 months (p-value <0.001). Shoulder flexion, abduction, horizontal adduction, horizontal abduction, and inter-limb volume difference also showed significant interval changes over time (all p-values <0.05). At 3 months, 9 (15.0%) patients developed subclinical lymphedema without any clinical cases; however, by 6 months, 37 (61.7%) progressed to subclinical lymphedema and 6 (10.0%) developed clinical lymphedema. Conclusion: ALND was associated with significant deterioration in ipsilateral upper limb functional performance, with progressive increase in subclinical and clinical lymphedema during postoperative follow-up.
