Objectives: To assess the association between child caries status and socioeconomic status (SES) in China. Methods: Data from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China, which was done in 2015. The sampling process was conducted by a multistage stratified cluster method, comprising of 40,360 children aged 3-5 years. Caries indicators included untreated caries, dental pain and dmft (number of decayed, missing and filled teeth). SES was measured by parental education level and household income. The bivariate association between the participants’ characteristics and dmft was analyzed using non-parametric tests, while the untreated caries and dental pain were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square tests. Negative binomial regression and Poisson regression models were used to analyze association between SES and oral health by regulating confounders. Results: There were significant associations between SES and all oral health indicators (p<0.05). And the trends of oral health for different SES remained significant. The prevalence of untreated caries, dental pain and dmft of children from the lowest parental education were 1.19, 1.10 and 1.19 times higher than those from the highest parental education. And the prevalence of untreated caries, dental pain and dmft of children from the lowest household income families were 1.12, 1.11 and 1.24 times higher than those from the highest household income families. Conclusions: There were consistently wide socioeconomic inequalities in child oral health in China, posing challenges for designing public health strategies and social policies.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome emerges as the most conspicuous endocrinopathy affecting 2.2-20% of women belonging to re- productive age group. Diagnosis of PCOS is established when 2/3 of the Rotterdam’s criteria is met i.e., hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovaries. (12 or more fol- licles of size 2-9 mm in each ovary and/or ovarian volume >10 ml). According to guidelines from endocrine society, early rec- ognition of PCOD facilitate healthcare providers to prevent and treat adequately wide range of metabolic complications i.e., impaired glucose tolerance, type-II diabetes mellitus, meta- bolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, obstructive sleep ap- nea and cardiovascular diseases. Diagnostic workup and man- agement of PCOS is based on correction of metabolic derange- ments, psychosocial problems, control of menstrual cycle and prevention of endometrial hyperplasia, assessment of ovula- tion/fertility and reduction of dermatological manifestations. Patient’s desire for induction of ovulation and pregnancy plays a pivotal role in management of PCOS. This study emphasizes on potentially risk factors and impacts of PCOS on multiple systems along with various treatment modalities (pharmaceu- tical therapy, hormonal contraceptives and lifestyle modifica- tion) available to nullify them. Self-care and multidisciplinary approach to reduce the morbidity due to PCOS.
The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic.Preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, and ventilation of indoor spaces, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. The E and M protein are the structural proteins that blended with the lipid bilayer to form the viral envelope and preserve its length. The envelope of the virus in electron micrographs seems as a wonderful pair of electron-dense shells (shells which can be quite opaque to the electron beam used to test the virus particle).
Maternal health is always a matter of concern for health care professionals. Despite the various international efforts that have been initiated to improve maternal health, more than 500,000 women worldwide die each year as a result of complications arising from pregnancy and childbirth. Majority of those deaths occur in less developed regions particularly Africa and Asia [1]. Furthermore, every year, more than 20 million women become pregnant, and some 15% are likely to develop complications that will require skilled obstetric care to prevent the unacceptability high maternal morbidity and mortality. These numbers of deaths are widely depending upon the utilization of Heath care Facility & its availability [2,3].
Radical Nephrectomy is the gold standard surgical approach for T3a Renal Cell Carcinomas. However, a small but not insignificant number of patients pre-operatively staged cT1/cT2 are treated with a partial nephrectomy but at final pathology are subsequently upstaged to pT3a. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney malignant growth that begins in the covering of the proximal tangled tubule, a piece of the exceptionally little cylinders in the kidney that transport essential pee. RCC is the most widely recognized sort of kidney malignancy in grown-ups, liable for roughly 90–95% of cases.RCC event shows a male predomiance over ladies with a proportion of 1.5:1. RCC most normally happens somewhere in the range of sixth and seventh decade of life.
The first COVID-19 case in Jamaica was in March 2020 it has been an issue since then. This study targets victim of domestic violence, examines the factors that contribute to Jamaican women being victims of domestic violence, and determines whether domestic violence against Jamaican women has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers conducted a random sampling correlation research design to collect data from 513 Jamaican women 18 years and older across the island using a standardized survey created using Google forms. The Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 25.0 with 95% confidence interval provided analysis of the collected data. Of the sampled respondents (n=505), 32% indicated being victims of domestic violence, with 60% reported being physically abused, 8.9% reported sexual abuse, and 31.1% reported being emotionally abused of the total sampled respondents, before the COVID-19 pandemic, 49% of them frequently experienced domestic violence compared to 53.1% during COVID-19.The majority of women who reported having a personality disorder (63.6%) were domestically abused compared to other women. Furthermore, of the 513 Jamaican women surveyed, 46.9% were between ages 18-25 years, 46.9% employed, 68.8% lived in rural communities, and 53.8% had a tertiary level education. In addition, most perpetrators of domestic violence were boyfriends (98%) compared to husbands (89.7%,) followed by family members (79.3%).Intimate partner violence has intensified since the COVID-19 pandemic, which means the home has become a battleground for women. Such a stark reality indicates that this public health matter requires immediate attention to mitigate further increase amid ongoing “stay at home orders” and social isolation.
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Sys st pathology identified in breast imaging which is classified into seven categories (0-6) of which category 4 covers a wide range of likelihood of malignancy in between from 2-95% likelihood of malignancy. To improve clinical audits, category 4 is sub-categorized into 4A, 4B, and 4C categories. The positive predictive value for malignancies of BI-RADS 4B and 4C lesions in correlation with pathological diagnosis. This was a retrospective study conducted from June to May 2021 in the Integrated Breast Care Centre (IBCC) in AIIMS, Rishikesh, India. A total of 77 patients were classified as BI-RADS 4B and 4C lesions, 33 were classified as BI-RADS 4B, and 4C as BI-RADS 4C sub-categories.
General awareness about diabetes among patients is important for its management and prevention of its complications. Imparting such information to the people is the responsibility of health care workers among which nursing staff has a pivotal role. Hence it becomes important that the knowledge, attitude and practice among nursing staff regarding diabetes is assessed so that they can provide optimum care to the community. Diabetes was India’s seventh biggest cause of early death in 2016. Diabetes increases the susceptibility for many life threatening infections as well, that is why tuberculosis is becoming highly prevalent in this group of patients. As the incidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing, more people will require care from health professionals. Thus health care professionals like nurses in this case have responsibility to generate basic awareness about diabetes. It is important that the nurses should have right knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetes. Diabetes involves maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco.Diabetes may be treated with medications such as insulin sensitizers with or without insulin. The blood pressure and maintaining proper foot and eye care are important for people with the disease.
Factors affecting adolescent sexual experience have been udied many researchers, but the concern on the age at the first exposure to sex experiences has not been studied. This study aims to investigate the age distribution of the first time of sexual experiences among adolescent in Indonesia as well as its determinant factors. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 data is utilized in this study. Cox regression model is utilized to model both the event and censored data. Since the model failed to satisfy the proportional hazard assumption then stratification by education and having a boyfriend/girlfriend was required. The results showed that the average age first time sexual experience among adolescent in Indonesia is 18.48 years. Consumption of cigarette, alcohol, drug, having friend who had sex before marriage, perception about sex, and the living area are significantly influencing the age first time they experienced sex. The results also showed that having a friend who had sex before marriage provides the highest hazard ratio. It also showed that the hazards in Maluku and Papua were the highest when compared to others areas.
This study seeks to highlight the impact of alcohol consumption on the psychological well-being of Jamaicans since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to answer the following three questions: 1.How has COVID-19 affected the drinking habits of Jamaicans? 2. What are the factors that contribute to the consumption of alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic? And 3.What are some positive ways to cope with stress during the pandemic? A probability sampling approach enabled data collection from respondents across Jamaica. The researchers used Google Forms to create a standardized survey for data collection. The Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 25.0 served to analyze the collected data. A p-value of 0.025 determined the level of significance for a sample size of 500. The results revealed that 92.2% (n=460) of respondents had consumed alcohol; 44.7% (n=222) indicated that they have started consuming more alcoholic beverages since the COVID-19 pandemic; 49.4% (n=244) used alcohol as a means of coping throughout the pandemic; 57.3% indicated that they consumed an alcoholic beverage at least 4 times weekly; and 54.4% mentioned that alcohol consumption has affect their health status [1]. The current findings revealed that 69.2% of the sampled respondents expressed some state of psychological issue during COVID-19 (i.e., depression, 34.3%; anxiety, 18.8%; suicidal thoughts, 10.7%; 5.4%, paranoia) and 58.0% indicated that social isolation has decreased their psychological and physical well-being [2,3]. Positive ways to manage alcohol consumption, such as therapy, may aid in overcoming the issue. It is evident from the research that persons have used alcohol as a means of coping during the pandemic, while participants who reported they suffered from emotional issues also increased their alcohol consumption [4].
The Scholar Level Researcher Award recognizes innovative contributions grounded in relevant research fields that raise important research questions, offer original contributions to the field and are supported by compelling visual and textual evidence. The nominee(s) may work in any type of organization: corporate, government, nonprofit, or academic background who have completed/submitted his/her Ph.D. thesis in the field of neuropathy research. Suitable appointee can upload their investigation Portfolios online with their last few announcements, monument arrive during their research.
