The emergence of 'talentism' aligns with positive psychology's central concern that is what enables individuals and communities to thrive. This study aimed to examine psychometrics properties of the TalentDNA Inventory, particularly its content validity, factorial validity and reliability. This scale consists of three major domains; drive, network and action. A survey was conducted and 1217 responses (n=1217) obtained from Indonesian adults. The obtained findings indicate that this scale exhibits sound psychometrics properties particularly on its content validity, factorial validity and reliability. Results on item level Content Validity Index indicates that the items content are acceptable (I-CVI>0.78) based on the rating given by 10 subject matter experts. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) result also indicated that this scale possesses a stable three-factor structure with two underlying sub-factors for each factor. In terms of reliability, findings indicated that reliability for each domain, sub-domain and the overall scale are acceptable and good with Cronbach's alpha values above 0.80. Therefore, this TalentDNA Inventory is valid, reliable and suitable to be used by adult group.
Decades before the Fodor-Churchland controversy, Gibson (1947) had pointed out that perception is not a passive recipient of external processes with an instantaneous onset but an active process of exploration of the organism that seeks and obtains information from the environment in a flow of continuous interaction (Sensation, Perception, Experience, Representation). How we go from one step to the next is not clear. Eysenck [1] believes that perception is influenced mainly by information that comes from top-down (top-down) processing and is influenced by individual factors (individual experiences, knowledge, beliefs) [1]. Bullier [2] believes that it is not only the degree to which brain neurons are stimulated by an external stimulus that changes, but also the type of stimulus to which the neuron selectively responds. As a result of a review of the relevant bibliography and the conflicting positions and opinions that have been expressed, we conclude with the general thesis that the theoretical permeation of perception constitutes at the same time a philosophical and scientific position which, from the perspective of cognitive science, must be further compared with the findings of empirical research.
Happiness and well-being are frequently conflated in both academic and public discourse, yet they constitute distinct psychological constructs with unique theoretical and practical implications. While happiness is typically operationalized as transient affective states or global life satisfaction [1], well-being encompasses more enduring aspects of psychological functioning, including purpose, personal growth, and social connectedness [2]. This paper systematically examines three critical aspects of this distinction: (1) the operational definitions differentiating these constructs, (2) their respective measurement approaches, and (3) the practical implications for interventions across educational, organizational, and policy contexts. Emerging evidence indicates that well-being measures demonstrate superior predictive validity for long-term outcomes such as resilience, career stability, and social contribution compared to traditional happiness metrics. Moreover, intervention studies reveal divergent effects based on whether programs target hedonic (happiness-focused) or eudaimonic (well-being-focused) dimensions. By clarifying these conceptual and empirical distinctions, the authors advocate for a more nuanced framework in positive psychology.
Background: There is evidence of a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, mental health and difficulties in university students. Currently, the many mindfulness meditation and emotion management interventions delivered via a mobile app may be an appealing, effective way to reduce stress in college students. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of two mobile app interventions compared to a wait-list control in promoting health, resilience, mindfulness, emotion management and coping skills in first year university students enrolled in Health Sciences degree courses. Methods: The study design was a sample of 154 first-year undergraduates with a mean age of 19.82 years were assigned to one of three conditions: 1) unguided Internet-based mindfulness intervention app "Calm"; 2) unguided emotion management app "E-Trainer"; and 3) wait-list control condition. Participants were evaluated at pre-treatment and 7 months follow-up (post-treatment). For this purpose, we used the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), the short form of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Evaluation of the Need for Psychological Assistance Questionnaire (NPAQ). Results: There were no significant differences in any outcomes between the interventions and control groups. We identified one significant difference as regards whether they needed psychological assistance from the university at post-test. However, only 53 students completed the study (17 "Calm", 26 "E-Trainer", 10 controls). We analysed the 101 students that dropped out and did not continue to the post-test, comparing them with those that remained. We found that those continuing felt concern about their somatic symptoms, their study methods, and their academic performance. Additionally, the results of paired-sample pre-test-post-test measures showed these students presented higher levels of distress, anxiety, academic and interpersonal dysfunctions. Conclusions: Although the mobile app interventions were not effective, our study was able to determine the status of the students that completed the study, with post-test being when they presented most difficulties. Thus, in the case of these students, early strategies are needed for the prevention and treatment of psychological effects on the mental health of university students.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the linguistic profile of patients with multiple sclerosis and to establish a connection between the corresponding linguistic deficits and specific brain regions. Specifically, for the purposes of this research, 12 adults diagnosed with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis were examined and compared with healthy participants. The Boston Aphasia Naming Test, a standardized linguistic tool, was administered, focusing on the subtests for auditory comprehension, repetition, and reading comprehension. The results demonstrated that the group of participants with multiple sclerosis exhibited significantly lower performance in the comprehension subtest compared to the control group. The findings are discussed.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of phenylalanine (phe) metabolism due to the deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phe hydroxylase activity. Mothers of phenylketonuric children are obligatory heterozygous of the disease. PKU is characterized by high phe blood levels resulting in executive function impairment, convulsions and microcephaly caused by toxic effect of phe accumulation in the brain [1]. Early detection of PKU infants and proper treatment with phe-restricted diets has really minimized the more severe brain damage and psychiatric problems associated with PKU.
This was a case of adjustment disorder in 'long COVID'. Working in a far-flung, hardship environment with limited medical resources, isolation, and poor primary support systems were identified as the stressors and social determinants of health. Recommendations include timely management of co-morbid conditions and improvement in work-place policy, especially during epidemics and pandemics.
The data were collected using the information contained in the Violence Prevention Center base regarding the notifications from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), information about the deaths was selected and divided in age, sex, marital status, schooling, neighborhood, place of death and code of the International Disease Classification applied. The variables were analyzed and detailed through the article.
Background: HIV/AIDS orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) frequently face placement/residential changes, inconsistent caregivers, abuse, neglect, disruptions in their lives, and mental health issues.This can result in reactive attachment disorder (RAD), a disorder of emotional functioning in which the child is wary, watchful, and emotionally withdrawn.Despite its clinical significance, little is known about RAD in OVC.The following questions were addressed in this study: (1) Whether RAD symptoms can occur in children with HIV/AIDS; (2) The relationship between RAD and other psychiatric symptoms; (3) Possible contextual factors for high RAD symptoms; and (4) Any interactive, cumulative effects between the contextual factors (both risks and protective) for higher RAD symptoms. Method:In a cross-sectional survey, 191 OVC and 100 non-OVC caregivers completed questionnaires on mental health problems, including RAD and contextual variables. Results:The findings showed that RAD is present in OVC and that RAD symptoms may be caused by both environmental and genetic factors.The study also discovered a high level of comorbidity between RAD and other disorders such as depression, conduct problems, and hyperactivity.Finally, OVC who experienced more neglect and psychological abuse were five times more likely to develop RAD symptoms. Conclusion:The paper discusses the clinical implications of these findings for community service development for this vulnerable group, concluding that RAD was not uncommon among HIV/AIDS-affected children.
We investigated the predictive effects of learners’ cognitive flexibility and probability knowledge on probability category learning. A number-letter switch task was to measure cognitive flexibility, a self-designed probability knowledge questionnaire to estimate probability knowledge, and two probability category learning tasks (with cues: Coin searching task; no cue: Picture selection task) were analyzed. The regression analysis showed that in the coin searching task, cognitive flexibility alone can predict whether the rules had acquired in probability category learning. In the picture search task, both cognitive flexibility and probability knowledge factors predicted rule acquisition.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and athletes performance in long distance runners in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional research design was employed. The data was collected using questionnaires and through field study procedure. The targeted populations of the study were 138 of successful and unsuccessful athletes in long distance runners 2019/2020. Of the Non-probability sampling type purposive sampling techniques was employed.
Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons.The adverse physical consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting have been documented.Yet, we know little about the adverse mental health consequences of the practice.The aim of this article is to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the psychological consequences of female genital mutilation.Regarding positive experiences, women have reported sensations of happiness, relief from embarrassment and shame, and a sense of feeling honored.Negative psychosocial consequences of FGM include posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, panic disorders, depression and suppression of feeling and thinking, and sometimes attempted suicide, difficulties in sexual and marital life.Clinicians are encouraged not to pathologize the consequences of FGM but to focus on the urgent psychological, social and psychosexual needs identified among a significant number of women.
Endometriosis has a major impact on women's sexual health, lessening fertility and causing pain and reduced sexual desire in at least 50% of patients. This article investigates the relationship between infertility and sexual intercourse concerns and illness intrusiveness. Since both pain and illness can be interjected as malevolent internal objects, we also looked at the mediating effect of pain representation as a malevolent object on those relationships.
Mental health disorders affect one in four people worldwide, and many have limited access to care. Moreover, the World Health Organization’s Special Initiative for Mental Health (2019-2023) aims to explicitly ensure access to quality and affordable care for mental health conditions in low-to-middle income countries. This commentary explores the applications of chatbots based on GPT as an adjunct to mental health interventions.
Mindfulness is taught in DBT as one of several skills offered in the treatment of multi-problem suicidal adolescents. This study explored adolescent's experiences of engaging with mindfulness during a Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Programme.
The periods of childhood and adolescence are those during which children and adolescents experience rapid transitions that may be difficult to cope with.The changes can be stressful for some older children or adolescents who may subsequently seek ways to cope, some of which may be maladaptive.The ensuing cascade of events triggers latent mental health issues in those already predisposed to them.Commensurate increase in efforts to provide help to vulnerable groups focuses on the psychological, social, and spiritual domains.Activities deployed to provide help within any of these domains are usually designed to establish appropriate coping mechanisms in affected individuals, that is such activities are treatment focused.However, would vulnerable children and adolescents cope better with adversity if they already possess appropriate preventive and coping skills?This narrative review was conducted in contemplation of the potential role of philosophy in the prevention and management of suicide among older children and adolescents via the central teachings of specific philosophical theories.Philosophical theories like Stoicism, Epicureanism and Existentialism, among others, consist of important worldviews and ethical values that can help older children and adolescents cope with adversities.These philosophical theories better equip children and adolescents to manage adverse life events.Incorporation of components of these theories into suicide prevention and management programmes is recommended.
People with a low but not people with a high degree of emotional empathy have been found to rate humorous films as funnier in a sulky versus a happy facial manipulation, in contrast to what the fac ...
The study was aimed to screen obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); a progressively burdensome, highly prevalent, untreated, poorly detectable psychic condition in general population of Turkey, of around 401 participants, mainly focusing on two parameters (Age groups and Gender). Screening Questions were asked through online questionnaire regarding different attributes of the disorder. In this study we consider a screening measure, a Questionnaire that is not actually designed to diagnose OCD but to help people determine and inform mental health professionals for further discussion about diagnosis and treatment plan. Occurrence of OCD in youth specially females of age ranging from 20-30 years is noticeable due to high inflation and recent pandemic. Questionnaire for screening in fields where affected individuals congregate seem persuasive, although evidence that screening is socially & clinically beneficial in terms of reducing morbidity is still lacking. People seems to be unaware of the sign & symptoms, its progression and hence the severity of disease, as it stays undetected due to lack of proper instruments, so evaluation of screening tools and their use in reducing disease burden are important areas for further research.
Age is often overlooked in discussions of diversity in clinical practice. In recent years, the interest of psychodynamic therapists has been extended to later stages of life. Psychodynamic psychotherapy with older individuals views them as continuing to face developmental challenges and navigating major experiences and various life transitions.
