Background: Knee osteoarthritis causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, affecting quality of life. Conventional physiotherapy focuses mainly on strengthening, but may not address neuromuscular deficits. Neuromuscular training improves joint stability, balance, and coordination. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of a structured neuromuscular training exercise program on functional outcomes and pain intensity in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Also to compare changes in functional mobility between participants receiving neuromuscular training and those receiving conventional physiotherapy exercises. Methods and Materials: A single-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Eligible participants were randomly allocated to either a neuromuscular training group or a conventional physiotherapy group using a concealed allocation method. The study duration was for six weeks, with supervised exercise sessions conducted according to standardized protocols. Outcome measures included were the WOMAC questionnaire to assess pain, stiffness, and physical function, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to evaluate functional mobility. Assessments were performed at baseline and immediately after the intervention period. Results: The neuromuscular training group showed greater improvement in pain reduction, functional outcomes, and mobility compared to the conventional physiotherapy group after six weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Neuromuscular training may be an effective treatment approach for reducing pain and enhancing physical function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. This type of training focuses on improving joint stability, muscle coordination, balance, and movement control, which are often impaired in this population. By targeting both strength and neuromuscular control, it may offer additional functional benefits compared to conventional strengthening exercises alone. As a result, patients will experience improved mobility, greater confidence during daily activities, and an overall better quality of life.
Background: Population aging has led to a growing prevalence of functional limitations and reduced quality of life among older adults, making the promotion of functional independence a major public health priority. Age-related declines in aerobic capacity and balance significantly impair activities of daily living and increase the risk of falls and dependency. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of a structured neuromuscular training exercise program on functional outcomes and pain intensity in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. A secondary objective is to compare changes in functional mobility between participants receiving neuromuscular training and those receiving conventional physiotherapy exercises. Methods and Materials: A single-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to either a neuromuscular training group or a conventional physiotherapy group using a concealed allocation method. The study will run for six weeks, with supervised exercise sessions conducted according to standardized protocols. Outcome measures will include the WOMAC questionnaire to assess pain, stiffness, and physical function, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to evaluate functional mobility. Assessments will be performed at baseline and immediately after the intervention period. Results: It is expected that the neuromuscular training group will show greater improvement in pain reduction, functional outcomes, and mobility compared to the conventional physiotherapy group after six weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Neuromuscular training may be an effective treatment approach for reducing pain and enhancing physical function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. By targeting both strength and neuromuscular control, it may offer additional functional benefits compared to conventional strengthening exercises alone. As a result, patients may experience improved mobility, greater confidence during daily activities, and an overall better quality of life.
Dysmenorrhea is painful cramps of the uterus during menstrual cycle. This study examined the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among female athletes and compared the lifestyle of athletes with dysmenorrhea to those without dysmenorrhea. 200 young female athletes participated in the study, out of which 83.5% athletes experienced dysmenorrhea and 16.5% athletes did not. By using lifestyle questionnaire, findings indicated that only 30% of women without dysmenorrhea had a poor personal relationships and poor work satisfaction as compared to 62.27% population with dysmenorrhea. Most athletes with dysmenorrhea reduced their physical activity (78.44%) during menses. 72.72% of athletes without dysmenorrhea had normal eating habits whereas athletes with dysmenorrhea had irregular meal times or used to skip their meals. By using personal-social questionnaire, findings indicated that most of the female athletes with dysmenorrhea had effect on physical functioning (68.26%), body pain (91.61%), vitality (64.67%), social functioning (68.26%), mental health (60.28%) and general health (65.26%). It is concluded that dysmenorrhea influences competitor’s quality of life, social conduct, dietary patterns, and their productive tasks. To prevent or reduce the incidence of dysmenorrhea, comprehensive lifestyle assessment, preventive health intervention, knowledge and awareness should be raised in female athletes through proper lifestyle education and health promotion measures.
Background: Hamstring muscle tightness is a common musculoskeletal problem among college students, often resulting from prolonged sitting, reduced physical activity and academic workload. Manual therapy technique such as posterior myofascial line release and post isometric relaxation technique are commonly used to improve muscle flexibility and reduced tightness. Purpose: To compare the effect of posterior myofascial line release versus post isometric relaxation for hamstring tightness among college students. Methods & Materials: A total of 44 students with Hamstring muscle tightness were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A Posterior myofascial line release and Group B post isometric relaxation. Hamstring muscle tightness was assessed before and after single intervention using the passive knee extension test. The participants continued with active stretching the follow up was conducted on day 5. Result: A total of 44 participants were divided into MFR (n = 22) and MET (n = 22).The mean age was 19.20 years and mean BMI was 20.41 kg/m². the myofascial line release and post isometric relaxation procedure were administered to the respective groups. The bodycomposition parameters were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer. The average body fat, bone density, total body water, and P% values were 17.21%, 2.96, 63.72, and 45.75%, respectively. Both groups showed improvement in pre- and posttest values. One-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups after intervention (p < 0.05). Result suggest that was significant improvement immediately after the treatment session with improvement was precised during the follow up after 5 days of treatment. Conclusion: Both Myofascial Release (MFR) and Muscle Energy Technique (MET) showed improvement in the measured outcomes from pre-intervention to post-intervention values. However, the MET group demonstrated comparatively greater improvement than the MFR group. Therefore, the study suggests that MET more effective in improving hamstring flexibility among the participants.
Background: Burnout syndrome is a psychological condition caused by prolonged occupational stress, commonly seen among academicians due to heavy workloads, administrative duties, and poor work–life balance. The World Health Organization (WHO)officially recognized burnout as an occupational phenomenon in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Persistent burnout can lead to physical health problems, particularly musculoskeletal pain, negatively affecting productivity andoverall well-being. Purpose: To examine the relationship between burnout and musculoskeletal pain among academicians. Methods and Materials: A total of 70 academicians were selected using convenient sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected with informed consent from all participants. Burnout levels were assessed using the OldenburgBurnout Inventory (OLBI), while the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) evaluated the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal pain in different body regions. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between burnoutscores and musculoskeletal discomfort. Result: The findings revealed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.1782) between burnout and musculoskeletal pain. As burnout levels increased, reports of musculoskeletal discomfort also rose. The results suggest that occupational stress and emotional exhaustion may contribute to physical strain and pain, particularly in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a weak positive relationship between burnout and musculoskeletal discomfort among participants, However, this relationship was notstatistically significant. Hence the null hypothesis is rejected. Burnout and musculoskeletal pain are interrelated health concerns among academicians. Prolonged work-related stress canlead to both psychological and physical discomfort, highlighting the need for preventive strategies to address these issues.
Background: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common knee injuries in athletes, particularly in sports requiring jumping, pivoting, and rapid changes in direction such as basketball. Faulty landing biomechanics significantly increase the risk of non-contact ACL injuries. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a validated clinical tool used to identify biomechanical errors during jump-landing tasks associated with ACL injury risk. Motion analysis software such as KINOVEA allows detailed assessment of landing mechanics through video-based biomechanical analysis. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of ACL injury risk among basketball players using LESS assessment analyzed through KINOVEA software. Methods & Materials: A non-experimental cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 162 basketball players aged 18–35 years participated in the study. Participants with recent knee injuries, lower-limb fractures, or previous ACL tears were excluded. Participants performed a standardized jump-landing task from a 30-cm platform. Landing mechanics were recorded and analyzed using KINOVEA software. LESS scoring was used to categorize ACL injury risk levels. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.66 ± 1.98 years, with a mean playing experience of 7.88 ± 2.52 years. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 21.73 ± 1.95 kg/m². Based on LESS analysis, 64% demonstrated moderate risk, 21% high risk, and 18% low risk of ACL injury, while no participants were classified under severe risk. Conclusion: Basketball players demonstrated a moderate prevalence of ACL injury risk based on LESS assessment analysed using KINOVEA software. Early screening of landing biomechanics may assist physiotherapists in identifying at-risk athletes and implementing preventive neuromuscular training strategies
Background: Musicians are exposed to repetitive, skilled, and prolonged upper limb movements during practice and performance, which may predispose them to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). Continuous stress on peripheral nerves due to overuse, repetitive movements, and awkward postures may lead to changes in nerve conduction velocities (NCV), particularly in the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. However, limited information is available regarding peripheral nerve involvement in musicians, especially across different instrument groups and performance demands, and varying levels of expertise. Purpose: This study aimed to systematically review literature on NCV changes in musicians. Methods and Materials: A literature search was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2025 using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PEDro, and Google Scholar. Studies with fewer than 20 participants, non-English articles, and non-musician populations were excluded. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, and data extraction was performed using the PICO framework. Results: Out of 30 identified studies, 20 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported altered nerve conduction parameters in musicians, especially in the median and ulnar nerves of the dominant upper limb. Reduced conduction velocity, prolonged distal latency, and decreased amplitude were commonly reported. These changes were frequently observed in instrumentalists exposed to repetitive hand movements and sustained postures. Some studies also reported subclinical neuropathic changes in musicians compared to controls. Conclusion: Musicians are at increased risk of developing NCV alterations due to repetitive strain and sustained postures. Early identification, preventive strategies, and physiotherapy interventions are important to reduce neuromuscular stress and prevent long-term complications and improve occupational health outcomes, performance efficiency, and career longevity.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with impairments in foot posture, balance, and functionalperformance, which may be further influenced by aging. However, age-related differences in response to exerciseinterventions remain insufficiently explored.Objective: To evaluate age-stratified effects of a structured exercise program on foot posture, balance, and functionalperformance in individuals with T2DM.Methods: In this controlled, age-stratified study, 54 participants with T2DM were allocated to an exercise (n=27) or controlgroup (n=27) and further stratified into middle-aged (40–59 years) and older (60–80 years) subgroups. The interventionconsisted of an 8-week structured physiotherapy program. Outcomes included Foot Posture Index (FPI), static balance(center of gravity sway on firm surface), dynamic balance (Limits of Stability), and functional performance (6-minute walktest), assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks.Results: The exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in foot posture, balance, and functional performancecompared to controls (p < 0.05). FPI scores improved toward neutral alignment, while static and dynamic balance showedreduced sway and enhanced stability. Functional performance improved significantly, exceeding clinically meaningfulthresholds. Age-stratified analysis revealed greater improvements in foot posture among middle-aged participants, whereasbalance and functional gains were observed across both age groups, with comparable improvements in older adults.Conclusion: Structured exercise significantly improves foot posture, balance, and functional performance in individualswith T2DM. While age influences the magnitude of structural adaptation, functional and balance improvements arepreserved in older adults, supporting the use of exercise interventions across age groups.
The International Classficiation of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) developed by WHO, offer a standardized, biopsychosocial framework to assess health and functioning. Its Pediatric version International Classification of Functioning ,Disabilty and Health for Children and Youth( ICF-CY), addresses developmental aspects specifics to children. Although it aids clinical descision-making and outcome evaluation in pediatric physiotherapy, its integration into routine clinical practise is still not widespread .This limited adoption may be due to factors such as lack of awareness, training and percieved complexity in applying the framewrok in everyday practice. The objective of the study is to asses the level of knowlwdge and utilization of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) among pediatric physiotherapists. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 95 pediatric physiotherapists practising in Bangalore, Karnataka. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to asses knowlwdge and utilization of the ICF. Conclusion: Among 95 pediatric physiotherapists surveyed, 55.8% demonstrated average knowledge of the ICF, 27.4% had good knowledge and 16.8% were below aveage. The study highlights the pediatric physiotherapists have average knowledge of the ICF, with limited good understanding and a notable portion showing below average knowledge.These findings emphasize the need for enhanced training to improve ICF use in clinical practise and support better patient outcome
Background: Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) in children is often associated with vestibular dysfunction, which can affect balance and mobility. Impairment in the vestibular apparatus can lead to deficits in postural control, balance, and coordination, which are essential for normal motor development and daily functional activities. Children with hearing loss may experience delayed motor milestones, reduced spatial orientation, and difficulties in maintaining stability during both static and dynamic tasks.The degree and type of hearing loss may influence postural control and functional performance differently. Understanding this relationship is essential for early identification and targeted rehabilitation.Purpose: To determine the association between the degree of sensorineural hearing loss and baseline balance performance in children, and to compare balance and mobility betweenunilateral and bilateral hearing loss.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted at Ananda Rangapillai Special School and Shri Patcheappane School for the Hearing Impaired. A total of 85 children aged 7–12 years were recruited using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through a single-point assessment including demographic details, audiogram review for hearing severity, Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.Results: Children with unilateral hearing loss demonstrated significantly better functional balance (PBS) but poorer functional mobility (higher TUG scores). No significant difference was observed in static balance (BESS) between unilateral and bilateral hearing loss groups.Conclusion: The type of hearing loss influences balance performance differently, with bilateral loss affecting functional balance and unilateral loss impacting dynamic mobility. These findings emphasize the need for early identification of at-risk children, comprehensive vestibular assessment, and development of tailored rehabilitation strategies.
Background: Trunk muscle function is essential for posture, stability, and physical performance. Sedentary lifestyles are commonly observed among university students. Yoga and core strengthening are commonly used interventions, but evidence is limited. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of yoga and core strengthening program on trunk muscle flexibility, strength and endurance in female university students. Methods and Materials: 30 female participants (aged 18-25) were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A performed yoga protocol (45 minutes) while Group B performed core strengthening protocol (45 minutes) for 12 sessions each. Trunk muscle Flexibility (sit and reach test), Strength (Kraus Weber test) and Endurance (Biering Sorenson test and Bent knee sit up) was assessed before and after completion of 12 sessions. Results: Within-group (pre-post) analysis using paired t test revealed a significant improvement (p≤0.05) in trunk muscle flexibility, strength and endurance in female university students in both yoga and core strengthening groups. Comparison suggested a significantly greater improvement in trunk flexibility among participants who underwent Yoga program (Sit and Reach, t =3.77) and on the other hand a significantly greater improvement was observed in trunk strength and endurance of participants in Core strengthening group (Kraus Weber 1(t=0.80), Kraus Weber 2(t=0.41) Kraus Weber 3(t=2.78) Kraus Weber 4(t=3.90) Kraus Weber 5(t=4.96) Kraus Weber 6(t=2.69), Biering Sorenson test (t=2.83) and Bent Knee Sit up(t=2.57). Conclusion: Both yoga and core strengthening exercises are effective in enhancing trunk muscle function in terms of flexibility, strength and endurance in female university students. However, Yoga has advantage or improving flexibility, whereas core strengthening is predominantly more effective to enhance endurance and strength of lower abdominals and back extensors. These interventions are cost effective methods for improving the trunk muscle function in terms of flexibility, strength and endurance which can be effectively used among various populations.
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects neuraland muscular function. Prolonged hyper glycemia leads to peripheral neuropathy andimpaired proprioception, resulting in poor lower-limb coordination and balance. TheLEMOCOT test is a simple and reliable tool to assess lower-extremity motor coordination.Purpose: To compare lower extremity motor coordination between individuals with Type 2Diabetes Mellitus and non-diabetic individuals using the Lower Extremity MotorCoordination Test (LEMOCOT).Methods and Materials: A Comparative analytical study was conducted with 140participants (70 diabetic and 70 non-diabetic) were selected by convenient sampling from SriVenkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre and community areas.Coordination of both dominant and non-dominant legs was assessed using LEMOCOT. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 using frequency, percentage, and independent-sample t-test. Results: The diabetic group showed lower mean LEMOCOT scores (28.60 ± 7.32 for thedominant leg and 26.47 ± 6.73 for the non-dominant leg) compared to the non-diabetic group(35.97 ± 4.15 and 33.95 ± 4.50. The mean difference was 7.37 for the dominant leg and 7.48for the non-dominant leg, with a p-value of 0.001, indicating a significant difference. Amongdiabetics, 62 (88.6%) showed reduced coordination in the dominant leg and 67 (95.7%) in thenon-dominant leg. Among non-diabetics, 49 (70%) had normal dominant-leg coordinationand 44 (62.8%) had normal non-dominant-leg coordination. Conclusion: Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus exhibit significantly reduced lower-extremity motor coordination compared to non-diabetic individuals. Coordination deficits increase with age and longer diabetes duration. Early screening using LEMOCOT and physiotherapy interventions focusing on strengthening, balance, and coordination exercises are recommended to improve mobility and reduce fall risk.
Background: Obesity and overweight are growing public health concerns associated with numerous musculoskeletal complications. Excess body weight imposes increased mechanical load on the lower extremities, particularly the ankle joint, leading to altered posture, compromised biomechanics, and reduced functional capacity. These changes may predispose individuals to pain, instability, and a higher risk of injury, ultimately affecting mobility and quality of life. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and ankle posture, as well as functional impairment of the ankle joint among overweight and obese individuals. Methods and Materials: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 participants who were categorized into overweight and obese groups based on BMI criteria. Postural alignment of the foot was assessed using the Foot Posture Index (FPI), while anklefunction was evaluated using the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI). All participants underwent standardized assessment procedures. Statistical analysis was performed to identify correlations between BMI, ankle posture, and functional impairment. Results: The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between FADI scores and BMI, indicating reduced functional ability with increasing body weight. Additionally, ankle posture demonstrated a tendency toward pronation as BMI increased, FADI mean ± standard deviation of 29.74 ± 3.18. Obese individuals exhibited greater pronation and more pronounced functional limitations compared to overweight individuals. Conclusion: Increased BMI is associated with altered ankle posture and decreased functional performance. Obese individuals are more severely affected than those who are overweight. Early identification and targeted physiotherapy interventions are essential to prevent further complications and improve functional outcomes.
Background: Flat foot (pes planus) is a common postural deformity characterized by the lowering or absence of medial longitudinal arch of the foot. It can alter lower limb biomechanics, leading to altered gait and postural control. Ankle instability, particularlyfunctional ankle instability, is a frequent complaint among young adults and may be influenced by abnormal foot alignment. College students due to prolonged standing, walking and sports participation are particularly at risk. Purpose: To assess the prevalence of flat foot among college student using foot print analysis. To measure the level of ankle instability using standardized (CAIT) questionnaire. To analyze the statical correlation between flat foot and ankle instability. To evaluate thepresence and degree of ankle instability. Methods and Materials: A descriptive correlation study was conducted among 85 college students aged 18–25 years. The medial longitudinal arch was evaluated using the SztriterGodunow Index, while ankle instability was assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically using Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between flat foot and ankle instability. Mean, standard deviation (SD), and total were also calculated. Result: This study revealed a weak and negative correlation between the Sztriter-Godunow Index and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) questionnaire scores among the college students. The calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r value) was –0.2465,indicating Sztriter-Godunow Index value increases (suggesting a flatter medial longitudinal arch), CAIT score tends to decrease, reflecting greater ankle instability. Although the relationship was weak, negative correlation suggests that students with lower arch heights were more likely to experience mild symptoms of ankle instability. Conclusion: This study revealed the correlation between flat foot and ankle instability among college student this is a weak negative relationship between flat foot and ankle instability and calculated r value -0.2465.
Background: A pre-post experimental comparative study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound versus myofascial release in treating trigger points associated with myofascial pain syndrome. This study included 30 subjects diagnosed with myofascial trigger points who were randomly allocated into two groups. One group received an Ultrasound with a continuous mode for about 5-7 minutes. The other group received Myofascial release over the trigger points until the therapist felt the lowering of the resistance. Subjects in both groups received 12 treatment sessions, administered on alternate days of the week. Aim of the Study: To compare the efficacy of Ultrasound vs Myofascial release in treating Myofascial pain syndrome-related pain and stiffness over the trigger point region. Materials and Methods: This study employed ultrasound and myofascial release, and subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Pain was assessed in terms of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) subjectively and the Palpable Muscle Spasm Degree (PMSD) objectively. Pre- and post-intervention results were recorded, and the data were collected and analysed statistically. Results: In Group A, the pre-mean VAS was 7.73±0.704, and the post-mean VAS was 2.07±0.594. The pre-mean PMSD was 1.87±0.576, and the post-mean PMSD was 1.00±0.926. For Group B, the pre-mean VAS was 8.33±0.816, and the post-mean VAS was 2.40±0.910. The pre-mean PMSD was 2.13±0.640, and the post-mean PMSD was 0.600±0.910. The "P" value was <0.001. A weekly comparison of the mean VAS level in both groups was 4.60±0.138, with a "P" value of <0.001, which showed significant improvement across all 12 sessions (4 weeks). Conclusion: The study validated and concluded that both Ultrasound and hands-on manual therapy (Myofascial release) were equally effective in reducing pain and spasm in students with active Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs). The clinical relevance of these findings is that both techniques are highly effective for MTrP pain relief within a short period, while also being cost-effective, non-invasive, and providing symptomatic relief.
Background:Workplace stress and fatigue are increasingly recognized as major occupational health concerns among staff nurses, particularly due to demanding clinical responsibilities, long working hours, shift duties, and continuous emotional involvement in patient care. These to physical exhaustion, mental burnout, decreased job satisfaction, and impaired clinical performance, ultimately affecting the quality and safety of patient care. Chronic exposure to stress may also contribute to long-term health issues such as anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular problems. Therefore, effective and practical stress management strategies are essential within healthcare settings. Non-pharmacological interventions, especially relaxation techniques, have gained importance due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and minimal side effects. The Benson Relaxation Technique combines deep breathing, musclerelaxation, and passive attitude, is known to elicit the relaxation response. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Benson Relaxation Technique in reducing workplace stress and fatigue among staff nurses. Methods and Materials: An experimental study was conducted among staff nurses using a pre-test and post-test design. The Workplace Stress Scale and the Modified Finkel Fatigue Scale were administered to assess levels of stress and fatigue before and after the intervention. The Benson Relaxation Technique was taught and practiced by participants for a specified period. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to compare pre-test and post-test scores. Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in both workplace stress and fatigue scores following the intervention. The post-test mean scores were considerably lower than the pre-test scores, indicating the effectiveness of the Benson Relaxation Technique in alleviating stress and fatigue among staff nurses. Conclusion: The Benson Relaxation Technique is an effective, simple, and nonpharmacological method for reducing workplace stress and fatigue among staff nurses. Incorporating this technique into regular nursing practice can enhance mental well-being,improve job performance, and promote overall health.
Background: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrated pelvic floor and core muscle rehabilitation program in reducing symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) among young female athletes. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrated pelvic floor and core muscle rehabilitation program in reducing symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction and improving functional outcomes in young female athletes. Materials & Methods: A convenience sample of 15–20 female athletes aged 18–25 years with self-reported urinary incontinence or pelvic pain was recruited. Participants underwent a 12-week supervised rehabilitation program (3 sessions/week) integrating pelvic floor muscle training with progressive core stabilization and sport-specific exercises. Outcome measures included the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Secondary measures included pelvic floor strength and core endurance. Results: Pelvic pain significantly decreased, with VAS scores reducing from 4.80 ± 1.2 to 1.65 ± 0.8 (p < 0.001). ICIQ-UI scores improved by 9.20 points with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 3.42). Leakage frequency reduced substantially, with 85% reporting minimal or no episode’s post-intervention. OAB-q symptom bothers scores decreased from 24.15 to 9.80 (SRM = 2.31), alongside marked improvements in quality of life. Activity interference scores reduced from 6.85 to 1.20. A strong negative correlation (r = −0.74, p < 0.01) was observed between core stability and bladder symptoms, with 95% achieving clinically meaningful improvement. Conclusion: Integrated pelvic floor and core rehabilitation is highly effective in reducing PFD symptoms and improving function. This approach supports inclusion in athletic rehabilitation and prevention programs to enhance performance and reduce reliance on medical interventions.
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and poor sleep hygiene are emerging as major occupational health concerns among IT professionals due to prolonged sitting, repetitive tasks, improper posture, and suboptimal workstation ergonomics. These factors contribute to chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances, ultimately affecting productivity and quality of life. Despite the rapid growth of the IT sector, region-specific data on these issues remain limited. Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of work-related musculoskeletal pain and sleep hygiene patterns among IT professionals in Pondicherry, and to determine the influence of years of experience (<5 vs. >5 years) and gender on these outcomes. Methods and Materials: This analytical descriptive study included 140 IT professionals from Lumina Datamatics Limited, Puducherry, selected through randomized sampling. Participants were divided into Group A (n=70, <5 years experience) and Group B (n=70, >5 years experience). Data were collected over six months using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-tests with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort was observed in both groups, particularly in the neck and lower back. No significant difference was found between Group A and Group B in NMQ scores (p = 0.34) or SHI scores (p = 0.47), indicating similar levels of pain and sleep issues regardless of experience. However, females reported significantly higher musculoskeletal pain than males (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WRMSDs and poor sleep hygiene are prevalent among IT professionals irrespective of experience. Early workplace interventions, including ergonomic training, postural correction, and sleep education, are essential to improve health and productivity.
Background: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a secondary headache arising from musculoskeletal dysfunctions of the cervical spine, presenting with unilateral head pain, restricted cervical range of motion, and neck muscle tenderness. If untreated, it may lead to chronic pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. Purpose: To systematically assess the effectiveness of various physiotherapy interventions in reducing pain, improving cervical mobility, and enhancing functional outcomes in individuals with cervicogenic headache. Methods and Materials: A systematic search of studies published between 2010 and 2026 was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials in English with sample sizes ≥30 and adult participants were included. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, with quality assessment using the PEDro scale and data extraction based on the PICO framework to ensure methodological rigor. Results: Out of 112 identified studies, 26 met the inclusion criteria. Manual therapy, including cervical mobilization and manipulation, was the most frequently studied and effective intervention. Other beneficial approaches included deep cervical flexor training, dry needling, Mulligan’s SNAGs, Kinesio-taping, postural correction exercises, and electrotherapy modalities such as TENS and ultrasound. Multimodal physiotherapy programs combining manual therapy and exercise showed superior outcomes and long-term benefits in reducing recurrence and improving patient adherence to therapy. Conclusion: Physiotherapy interventions, particularly the combination of manual therapy and targeted exercises, significantly improved headache intensity, frequency, cervical mobility, and functional outcomes. These findings support physiotherapy as an effective, non-invasive approach for reducing symptoms, enhancing functional recovery, and preventing chronicity in individuals with cervicogenic headache, promoting long-term rehabilitation outcomes and patient well-being
Background: Dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) is a common and often debilitating condition following a stroke, particularly in the sub-acute phase (1-6 months post-stroke). Swallowing difficulties can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia,which contribute to poorer prognosis and reduced quality of life. Swallowing is a complex process requiring coordinated neuromuscular activity involving the oral, pharyngeal, and oesophageal phases. Stroke-related neurological damage often disrupts this coordination, resulting in impaired swallowing safety and efficiency. Purpose: This case report compares three common therapeutic interventions for dysphagia in sub-acute stroke patients: Galvanic Stimulation (GS), the Mendelsohn Maneuver (MM), and Oromotor Stimulation (OMS). The goal was to assess their impact on swallowing function, aspiration risk, and quality of life. Method and Materials: Three sub-acute stroke patients with confirmed dysphagia were selected to receive one of the interventions: GS, MM, or OMS. Each patient underwent a structured rehabilitation program, where patient 1 received GS, patient 2 received MM andthe patient 3 received OMS and swallowing function was assessed using The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) and Gugging swallowing Scale (GUSS) before and after 4 weeks of therapy. Results: The findings of the study demonstrate that each of the three treatments resulted in improvement. In that GS demonstrated the most significant improvement in swallowing safety and oral control. MM showed benefits in reducing aspiration risk, and OMS helped in strengthening oropharyngeal muscles. Conclusion: This case report highlights the potential benefits of personalized dysphagia treatments for sub-acute stroke patients and suggests that Galvanic Stimulation may be a preferred method for improving swallowing safety in severe cases.
