Presently, CT is considered a first-line modality for evaluation of a variety of small and large bowel diseases. A wide spectrum of intestinal wall morphologic and enhancement abnormalities can be seen with bowel disorders. Once an abnormality is detected, the radiologist needs a systematic approach for determining the specific cause of the intestinal abnormality. Bowel wall thickening may be related to several entities, including normal variants, inflammatory conditions, and neoplastic disease.
Subsequent staining of the slice with eosin/hematoxylin indicates that the peptide signal is in a cell proliferation zone in the tissue. Figure 1: (A) Peptide identification of Her2 by LC/MS (715.4 Daltons) (B) Molecular imaging of the 715.4 peptide distribution of Her2 protein in breast biopsy tissue (C) Subsequent staining of the EH slice. Image 1 mm (D) Eosyn Hematoxylin image with microscope (90 μm)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in central nervous system which hydrolaze neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at cholinergic brain synapses. High expression of AChE in brain and muscles is responsible for diverse neurological conditions leading from neuromuscular, neurodegenerative and neuropsychological diseases. miRNA-132 is a non-coding RNA molecule which help to regulate the expression level of number of genes involved in neurological development, angiogenesis and synaptic transmission. However, miR-132 is the only miR so far that has been experimentally validated as targeting AChE, with consequences on inflammatory responses. Various bioinformatics tools like MODELLER, I-Tasser, ModeRNA, 3D-Dart, ERRAT, ProSA and Rampage were employed for AChE, miR-132 and mRNA model building and their validations. The binding affinities of these macromolecules were also investigated. The results revealed that the miR-132 binds to 3'-UTR region of AChE. The catalytic triad Ser-203, His-447 and Glu-334 found in active site gorge of protein binds to the ligand. Thus, the models of proteinligand and mRNA-miR-132 complexes proved miR-132 as an inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase. Therefore miR-132 can be a potent inhibitor for Acetylcholinesterase and further analysis of this inhibitor could be helpful for exploration of ligand binding pockets and designing of a novel therapeutic target to cure central nervous system disorders.
Introduction: The term theranostics is the combination of a diagnostic tool that helps to define the right therapeutic tool for specific disease. It signifies the ???we treat what we see and see what we treat??? concept. A diagnostic radionuclide is labelled with the target and once expression is documented, the same target is labelled with a therapeutic radionuclide and treatment is executed. In Nuclear Medicine theranostics is easy to apply because of an easy switch from diagnosis to therapy with the same vector. This concept is utilized in few malignancies and prostate cancer is one of them. PSMA (prostrate specific membrane antigen) expression in normal and other tumor is less than prostate cancer cell. Its expression increases with higher grade and hormone resistance. We have reported excellent sensitivity and detection capability of PSMA for sub centimeter sized lymph nodes at staging. Besides evaluation of recurrence, 68Ga- PSMA PET can be utilized in advanced prostate cancer for detection of metastasis. 68Ga-PSMA also serves the basis of treatment of CRPC with 177Lu PSMA. Progression to androgen independence is the main cause of morbidity & death in these patients. Based on the theranostic concept the aims of treatment with 177Lu PSMA are to improve outcome by early interventions in suboptimal responders, sparing low risk patients from over treatment, reduce treatment related side effects, ensure effective palliation & improve quality of life. Tumor targeting with 177Lu PSMA saves normal tissue & delivers high dose to tumor. Easy radiopharmaceutical labelling & high expression in all cancer cells makes it an optimal target for radionuclide therapy. It is safe with a low toxicity profile. In our experience at RGCI & RC (our institute) we have seen objective regression in lesions and symptomatic relief & found it to be a safe & effective method for treating end stage androgen independent, progressive CRPC. We believe that treatment of recurrent prostate cancer is feasible with 177Lu PSMA with a positive objective response & a low side effect profile where achievable tumor dose is demonstrated by Ga-68 PSMA scan before therapy. Recent Publications 1. Gupta M et al. (2017) Risk stratification & staging in prostate cancer with prostate specific membrane antigen PET CT : A one-stop-shop. Hell. J. Nucl. Med. 20 Suppl:156. 2. Gupta M et al. (2017) Comparative study of 68Gallium-prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for lymph node staging in high risk prostate cancer patients: An initial experience. World J. Nucl. Med. 16(3):186-191. 3. Gupta M et al. (2018) incremental value of 68gallium-position specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/ computed tomography in patients with abnormal PSA and benign transrectal ultrasound biopsy. Urology Annals. 10(2):150-153. 4. Choudhury P S and Gupta M (2017) Personalized & precision medicine in cancer: A theranostic approach. Curr. Radiopharm. 10(3):166-170. control of advanced therapeutic medicinal products.
Introduction: This case report illustrates complex sigmoid diverticulitis presenting as tubo-ovarian abscess and developed iliopsoas abscess as complications. Case description: A 37-year-old female presented with lower abdominal pain, fever and diarrhoea. Initial clinical assessment and CT imaging diagnosed tubo-ovarian abscess. She underwent laparoscopic drainage. Patient represented with similar complaints. Further imaging visualised persistent tubo-ovarian abscess with a new iliopsoasabscess. Her disease progression and initial treatment failure led to clinical diagnosis of sigmoid diverticulitis. The patient underwent Hartmann’s procedure and radiological drainage and has been asymptomatic since then. A Hartmann reversal is planned. Discussion and Conclusion: First, it demonstrates the potential for sigmoid diverticulitis to present as tuboovarian abscess and develop iliopsoas-abscess complications. Second, it signifies prudence of high degree suspicion when evaluating female patients with pelvic abscesses and gastrointestinal symptoms. Finally, it shows the value of the MDT-approach in providing optimal care.
