mucosal lesions in healthy children is controversial due to a lack of standardized methods, different diagnostic criteria, and the description of very few lesions in each survey.The lack of epidemiologic data in this matter may lead to diseases of the soft tissues of the oral cavity being overlooked.Despite World Health Organization recommendations, the epidemiologic literature about children and adolescents in this field is quite limited.Moreover, the signs and symptoms of oral mucosal disorders in childhood can change with aging and are often different from common adult oral pathologies.These differences should be recognized by clinicians, and are aided by epidemiologic studies that document the frequency of oral lesions in children.Proper examination of the oral mucosa is helpful in diagnosing developmental, neoplastic, AbstractIntroduction: Mucosal lesions can either be congenital, developmental, infective, inflammatory, allergic, neoplastic and oral changes due to underlying systemic disorders.Mucosal lesions in paediatric population can contribute to general ill health.The oral mucosal lesions in children present as vesicles, ulcers, macules, changes in color, size alterations, and configuration of the oral anatomy.Ulcerations, pain, and discomfort are frequent side effects, which result from irritation caused mainly by fixed orthodontic appliances.Although painful and unpleasant, lesions heal quickly because of the fast metabolism of oral mucosa in young and healthy patients.Epidemiological studies help in determining the incidence, prevalence and the severity of diseases.They also help in assessing the distribution, the risk factors and associated aetiology.This information is useful in the formulation of health care programmes at the primary level to spread awareness, help guide in early diagnosis and lead to prompt treatment.Thorough clinical examination, evaluation and diagnosis is important to initiate the correct treatment.Objective:-The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in paediatric patients visiting the Department of Pediatric and Oral Medicine.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in patients visiting the Paediatric and oral medicine department with oral mucosal lesions.Data was collected from an Electronic database.The results obtained were processed and descriptive statistical analysis was made.Results: Out of 7374 paediatric patients, 29 patients were reported with oral mucosal lesions.The total number of males were fifteen and females were 15 reported to the department with oral mucosal lesions.Conclusion: Aphthous stomatitis is the most frequently reported lesion.Early diagnosis and treatment of paediatric immune mediated mucosal lesions can prevent future cutaneous involvement.
indi-Abstract Introduction: Dental anatomy is an integral component of the dental undergraduate curriculum that includes tooth carving exercises for the recognition of morphological and functional characteristics of teeth. The objective of the study was to ex-plore the clinical relevance & predictive validity of tooth carving exercises and their correlation with clinical skills. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 till October 2021 at constituent dental colleges of Dow University of Health Sciences. Undergraduate dental students in clinical years were targeted. A modified questionnaire comprising of 14 items was distributed through Google Forms. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Chi-square was used for finding a correlation between wax carving and clinical performance. Results: A total of 216 students consented and participated in this study. The majority of the participants (74.1%, p-value= 0.008) agreed that tooth carving helped them understand the intricacies of tooth morphology and (81.5%, p-value= 0.057) agreed that it developed manual dexterity and familiarity of dental instruments. Almost half of the participants (46.3%) valued its clinical significance in restorative dentistry. Regarding inclusion in the undergraduate curriculum 120 participants agreed that it was a clinically relevant subject (0.002). Conclusion: Dental students in their clinical undergraduate years valued the dental wax carving exercises taught in their undergraduate curriculum and these carving exercises helped them in understanding and learning tooth morphology and improved their clinical skills in restorative dentistry.
Plaque accumulation contributes not only to the inflammation of periodontal tissues, but may give rise to white spot lesions,
The aesthetic demand of our patients has become more and more pressing. Every day we meet a growing demand for improving the quality of the smile. To meet these expectations, modern dentistry requires the acquisition of new knowledge and technologies. Laser-assisted therapy is gradually establishing itself as one of the new standards of this modern dentistry. Dental lasers today offer real advantages over traditional techniques, allowing them to improve and optimize the final therapeutic result. The contribution of the laser (diode) in cosmetic dental surgery will be detailed per and postoperatively through two clinical cases of frenectomy and gingival depigmentation.
In patients in the control group, the process of gradual loss of the alveolar bone continued after treatment, which had a shortterm positive result.The data of anthropometry are confirmed by the results of radiography.
Introduction: Candida albicans is the leading cause of opportunistic microbial infections in patients with cancer.Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy have high risk of candidiasis due to immunosuppression and weakened epithelial barriers.Systemic antifungal drugs' usage is limited by the greater risk of side effects and developing resistant strains, yet currently available topical antifungal drugs are still considered ineffective for immunosuppressed patients including chemotherapy patients.Several studies provide evidence for the feasibility of probiotic Lactobacillus casei to act as alternative antifungal in various human organ systems.Objectives: To analyze the effects of probiotics on the number of C. albicans in oral cavity of children with leukemia during chemotherapy.Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were taken from 11 children with leukemia during chemotherapy.Subjects were instructed to do mouth rinse with probiotics contained Lactobacillus casei for 60s, twice daily, over the course of 14 days.Unstimulated saliva samples were collected sequentially at 3 time points (baseline, 7 days, and 14 days).The number of C. albicans was quantified by qPCR.Results: Statiscally significant differences were found between the number of C. albicans at baseline (494.363+180.737CFU/ ml), after 7 days (276.653+69.903CFU/ml), and after 14 days (229.286+50.883CFU/ml) mouth rinsing with probiotics.Significant lower number was found both after 7 and 14 days rinsing with probiotics (p<0.05).Conclusion: Probiotics has reducing effects on the number of C. albicans in oral cavity of children with leukemia during chemotherapy.
The mandibular axis is considered to be the axis along which the temporomandibular joint(mandibular condyle) in its terminal, and the retruded position has a purely rotational movement without any translation.Its significance in prosthodontics has been associated with the centric relation position and the fabrication of prosthesis with regards to this position.Its role during functional mandibular movements has therefore been questioned.This has led to various schools of thought on the presence/ absence, location, and the number of the hinge axis with proponents for and against this.This review article aims to discuss the concepts and controversies surrounding the hinge axis and the current clinical significance of this concept.
Global prevalence of periodontal disease increased by 57.3% from 1990 to 2010 [2].Risk factors of periodontal disease include diabetes, hereditary, and stress, poor oral hygiene, smoking, medication, age [3].Covid-19 disease is caused by a virus called novel "corona virus", SARS-CoV-2, it was found in Wuhan, China.Globally the prevalence of patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 has exceeded 83,652 on 28 February 2020, and also number of mortality cases of Covid-19 that is 2858 has been reported.On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was professed a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).As of 27 March, 2020, a total of 103,942 confirmed cases with 1689 deaths in the United States reported AbstractPD is an inflammatory illness affecting tissues that surrounds teeth.Co morbidities linked with PD are age, smoking, diabetes, hereditary, poor oral hygiene.These factors have been linked with severity of COVID-19, caused by virus namely corona virus "SARS-CoV-2."As dysbiotic, inflammation and comorbidities disturb general well-being, it is probable that "periodontal status indicates the risk of complication of COVID-19".Patients with COPD have a higher risk of provocation with COVID.Pregnancies can be complicated with co infection of SARS-CoV-2 with periodontal disease.Diabetic people also have PD probably because they are more prone to contract infections and higher chances to develop COVID-19 can also be increased with obesity and its consequences.Researchers have proved that aging is linked with PD and severe COVID-19 along with these factors.Smoking is the major risk factor in PD which leads to increase in enzyme ACE2; it's an important element for development of covid-19.Chronic inflammation of airways had showed a relation between periodontal disease and asthma with enhanced ACE2 and TMPRSS 2 expression, increased SARS COV-2 infection susceptibility and Covid19 morbidity.Rheumatoid arthritis and liver disease also correspond to the development of covid-19 along with periodontitis.Patients who had history of liver disease have more chances to get SARS-COV-2 by means of the ACE-2 receptor.Degree of immunosuppression is thought to play a part in the vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Hence, knowing the link between periodontal disease and COVID-19 severity, can aid in identifying the risk groups and create recommendation.The goal of the this review paper is to explain in detail the co-relation between periodontal disease and covid19.
On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. Knowledge about COVID-19 is an important determinant towards successful disease control. This study was designed to elucidate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) and mental health status regarding COVID-19 amongst trainees of two institutes in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2021. A bilingual survey recorded the responses of 400 participants from the institutes. Variables, such as sex, age, marital status, occupation, level of education, number of family members and living place, were collected in a structured proforma. Unstandardised regression coefficients (95%) were used for evaluating the association among variables with KAP and mental health during COVID-19. The statistical significance level was determined at p<0.05.The mean correct answer score regarding knowledge about COVID-19 was 23.5 (SD=2.1), indicating an overall 87% correct rate. The mean correct answer score regarding attitude towards COVID-19was 18.4 (SD=2.3), indicating an overall 87.2% correct rate. The mean correct answer score regarding practice towards COVID-19 was 35 (SD=3.4), indicating an overall 89.7% correct rate. The mean correct answer score regarding mental health status during COVID-19 was 24 (SD=4.7), indicating an overall 80% correct rate. Thus, the results showed that being female; belonging to a higher age group; having a healthcare related occupation; being married; and having a higher level of education were significantly associated with higher KAP test scores. Furthermore, belonging to a higher age group; having a healthcare related occupation; being married; and having a higher level of education were significantly associated with poor mental health.
Keeping in mind the concern expressed by the patient about her unesthetic looks it was decided to perform gingival depigmentation procedure using scalpel technique in the maxilla and laser technique in the mandible.
At the end of December 2019, COVID-19 outburst was first time witnessedin the capital City of China.The outspread was rapid
BACKGROUND:This report presents a clinical case in which the CAD-CAM technology was applied to optimize a complex partial rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses of a patient with several functional and aesthetic issues. Case presentation. A 40-year-old patient with several complaints due to the absence of multiple teeth and great dissatisfaction regarding his oral health was referred to a Dental College (Curitiba, Brazil). Guided surgery of 11 implants was planned. Digital flow and immediate loading protocol were applied. The patient was followed up for 2 years presenting good clinical and radiographic outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:The digital flow brought agility and precision to implant placement, immediate provisionalization added to satisfaction in the provisional phase, and CAD/CAM technology provided predictability and comfort to deliver the definite restorations.
Post the extraction of a tooth, there is alveolar bone resorption in that area, which leads to further complications in terms of prosthetic and surgical situations when the tooth needs to be replaced.To serve this problem of dimensional reduction of alveolar bone around the missing tooth, socket preservation offers an ideal solution.This case report discusses the extraction of a root-canal treated right mandibular molar which was extracted atraumatically by hemisectioning the tooth and preserving the inter-radicular bone followed by grafting the socket with demineralized freeze dried bone allograft and PerioCol membrane.After a healing period of 3-months a CBCT scan was done to evaluate the regeneration of the grafted site and bone fill.This brings us to a conclusion that grafting the socket post-extraction, helps reduce the dimensional changes for better prosthetic rehabilitation.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles showing unique physical and chemical features.Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are broadly used in biomedical therapeutic applications and tissue engineering.They have gained attention due to their massive potential in nanotechnology.In this review, we aimed to highlight the recent updates of MNPs applications in hard and soft tissue regeneration from histological point of view.Researches revealed enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential of MNPs, successful remineralizing effect on dental hard tissues, together with effective periodontal ligament regeneration and accelerated wound healing process.
Dental caries is the most common chronic dental disease which is of multifactorial origin [1, 2]. Micro organisms form one of the main causative factors for this condition [3, 4]. Streptococcus mutans is a primary dweller in the oral cavity and is believed to be a primary colonizer in the initiation of caries [5, 6]. Once the caries process is initiated, Lactobacillus acidophilus takes part in progressing the caries activity [7, 8]. The role of Actinomyces viscosus, an acidogenic species, has also been proved in the development of senile caries that occurs commonly on the root surfaces [9, 10].
