Honey has several nutritional and therapeutic uses due to the presence of different bioactive compounds.These substances are derived from floral nectar. Therefore, it becomes essential to identify the distinct chemical profiles of honey samples. The aim of this research was to provide an accurate, straightforward, and sensitive HPTLC approach for different types of honey verification. Eight mono floral honeys (mustard, eucalyptus, litchi, orange, tea, Indian plum, black plum and pineapple) were collected from different origin of West Bengal (eastern India) and examined. Standard procedures were followed to check the quality of each honey.The flora was identified by microscopically examining the pollen found in honeys. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to analyze lipophilic fractions of each honey. Chromatographic results identified distinct patterns of bands with specific Rf values for each type of mono floral honey. HPTLC is a simple and effective method for routine analysis and verification. It can serve as authentication for different types of honey.
Fine particle granulation using a spray dryer was performed to prepare with a high drug content, a spherical shape, and a smooth surface. Since the target particle size was less than 200 μm, a rotary disk atomizer was adopted and a slurry was chosen as the spray liquid. When 5-aminosalicylic acid used as a model drug, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and sodium chloride were added in the slurry and was spray dried, the desired size of particles were obtained. Then, the obtained particles were coated with an enteric polymer, no dissolution of the drug in the 1st solution was observed, indicating no disruption occurred during coating.
A basic dissolution study of single granule in a controlled-release capsule formulations was conducted. Controlled-release granules were prepared using porous Ethylcellulose membranes, and single granule dissolution profiles was compared with those of the Japanese pharmacopoeia (JP) paddle method. Dissolution profile from one granule was found to be dependent on the solubility of the drug.
among groups of people who have more than one of these risk factors (e.g., sedentary smokers).While choosing preventive herbal medicines, patients are guided by their own preferences, experience, pharmacists' advice, advertising, etc.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in doctors, pharmacists and patients to a number of original areas of medicine, in particular homeopathy and homeopathic pharmacy.We chose dry clover and calendula extract as the active ingredient.
This minireview summarized a part of the recent work of Professor Mauro Ferrari on the application of mesoporous silicon microparticles to celebrate the occasion of the establishment of a new company, BrYet Pharma. This article is focusing on the principle and application of injectable nanoparticle generators (iNPG) for drug delivery systems. Three main examples are described; deliveries of anti-cancer agents and peptide cancer vaccines using iNPG, and oral formulation of iNPG for inflamed intestinal mucosa. The iNPG drug delivery system provides protection, the versatility of loading, and the selective delivery of therapeutics, which enables prolonged efficacy, the simultaneous delivery of a combination of therapeutics, and the reduction of toxicity. The advantages of the iNPG drug delivery system are discussed with examples in this minireview.
Hair loss has afflicted numerous patients for several decades. However, the current drug treatment is only effective for specific types of alopecia and their efficacy is limited. Additionally, the cost of hair transplant surgery is relatively high, making it unaffordable for some patients. In this study, we propose a new treatment method using microneedles and growth factors to alleviate alopecia. The results of our study demonstrate that patients receiving human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF) therapy experienced significant hair regeneration. Both male and female patients responded positively to the growth factor treatment, with males showing better results. Importantly, microneedle-assisted hbFGF therapy can be universally applied to androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and telogen effluvium. In summary, this study presents a novel and highly effective method that shows great potential for treating alopecia, with high levels of safety and efficacy.
Glycerol Stearate (GS) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor via weight loss on zinc (Zn) metal inside 1.0M hydrochloric acids (HCl). Different electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and characterization methods were used in the study. Weight loss measurements and inhibition efficiency (IE) were used to calculate the amount of weight loss and to scrutinize the effect of inhibition concentration on the metal in HCl, and it demonstrated that weight loss decreased as the inhibition concentration increased, and percentage inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibition concentration. The Corrosion rate () was calculated, and it was observed that it decreased with the increasing inhibition concentration but increased with an increase in temperature. The compound of inhibitor effectively prevented corrosion by becoming adsorbed to the metal surface and was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Free Gibbs energy (FGE) demonstrated a spontaneous corrosion process at the metal surface of zinc and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology of the protective layer and confirmed that the adsorption of glycerol stearate was via physisorption adsorption. The adsorption of glycerol stearate on the metal surface was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.
Gene therapies are receiving a revival, especially because of the potential for use in cancer and infectious disease vaccination. However, effectively condensing and maintaining deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carriers for gene therapy are used, such as dendrimers. The penetrable sphere model developed by Qamhieh et al., explain the interaction between linear polyelectrolyte (LPE) and an ion-penetrable sphere was employed to study the complexation of negatively charged DNA and acetylated dendrimer. Throughout the study, we emphasized the effect of acetylation on two types of complexations: single dendrimer-DNA chain complex and multiple dendrimers-DNA chain complex. The interaction between three different DNA lengths: L = 90 nm of 265; L = 184 nm of 541 bp; and L = 680 nm of 2000 bp individually with the poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation 5 was studied. For a single dendrimer-DNA complex, the number of condensed monomers around the dendrimer and the fraction of optimal length wrapping around the dendrimer was studied. It was found that by increasing acetylation, the number of condensed monomers and the fraction of optimal length decreased. For multiple dendrimers-DNA complex, the optimal length wrapping around the dendrimer and the linker that forms between complexes were studied. As a result, with increasing acetylation, the will shorten while the linker will increase significantly. The acetylation also affected the number of turns wrapping around the dendrimer and the net charge of the complex for single and multiple dendrimer-DNA complexes, and it was found that the longer the chain length, the more turns there are around the dendrimer. The net charge of all complexes was negative due to increased acetylation. In this study, it is revealed that the developed model is suitable for demonstrating the complexation between the dendrimer and the DNA.
Cancer being one of the most important causes of death, investments in research and innovation to better understand the mechanisms of this pathology and, consequently, the development of new therapies are extremely important and necessary to benefit patients and save lives.
The sanitary emergency installed in the world generated by the pandemic COVID-19 instigates the search for scientific strategies to mitigate the damage caused by the disease to different sectors of society. The disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, reached 216 countries/territories, where about 20 million people were reported with the infection, and more than 740,.000 died. Given the situation, research involving the development and validation of new antiviral molecules, especially against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is highly relevant. In this work, a in silico study was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory power of phytoconstituents from Anacardium occidentale L. against Mpro enzyme from COVID-19 virus. The molecular docking simulations were performed to understand interactions between some phytochemicals present in A. occidentale against the Mpro enzyme from SARS-CoV-2, the amentoflavone and agathisflavone molecules showed the best affinity energy in the value of -8.0 kcal/mol and -8.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The molecular dynamics results indicated that the agathisflavone ligand had interactions more stable and a highest interaction potential energy with the Mpro enzyme than the amentoflavone ligand.
This research is aimed to investigate and evaluate the physicochemical characteristic of different honey produced in Delta State, Nigeria, to confirm its economical and nutritional quality in comparison with the international standard. The quality of fresh and branded honey samples produced in Delta State was assessed using physicochemical and mineral analysis. Eight fresh honey (FHs) samples and eight branded honey (BHs) samples were collected from the Autonomous Province of Delta State, Nigeria. The tested parameters were pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, color intensity, moisture, ash, proline, diastase, HMF, invertase, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lipid and mineral content. A qualitative test (Fiehe, Lund and Lugol) was performed to test the purity of honey. Both honey samples displayed good physicochemical properties. The concentration level of sugars was higher in the branded honey in comparison to fresh honey samples. The physicochemical parameters of fresh and branded honey were in concordance with the international standard.
The main objective of the experiment is aimed to examine the impact of paraquat dichloride on the body weights of adult male Wistar rats as well as in their haematological tissues. The total number of male Wistar rats was 48 and was divided into 4 groups of 12 each. The 1st group (Test 1) served as control. The other three groups served as experimental groups in which the paraquat dichloride was administered. The experimental groups which are 2nd group (Test 2), 3rd group (Test 3) and 4th group (Test 4) received doses of paraquat dichloride of 10 mg/kg b.wt/per oral/day, 20 mg/kg b.wt/per oral/day and 40 mg/kg b.wt/per oral/day respectively. The experiment was carried out for a time duration of 42 days. The mean values of body weights, erythrocyte indices, total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC) and Hb concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in Test 2, 3 and 4 rats, excluding packed cell volume (PCV), which in comparison to the control groups. Outcomes and observations from hematological parameters and bone marrow revealed the toxicity of paraquat dichloride to hematological tissues resulting in anemia and bone marrow hypoplasia which eventually leads to failure of the bone marrow and extensively hematopoietic system of adult male Wistar rats following long term exposure and high concentration.
Doxorubicin is an effective and still-used antineoplastic agent. However, the clinical use of doxorubicin is marred by life-threatening cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Free radicals have been implicated in the toxicity of doxorubicin. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical contents and protective effects of methanol extract of Ficus sur (MEFS) in doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats, using biomarkers of cardiac, renal functions and oxidative stress as indicators. Phytochemical analyses revealed that MEFS is rich in tannins, alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, but low in steroids. Acute toxicity studies show that MEFS was non-toxic up to 5000mg/kg b.w of Wistar rats. Administration of doxorubicin led to a significant (P< 0.05) increase in Creatine kinase (CK-MB), troponin, creatinine, urea and MDA concentrations. Sodium and potassium concentrations were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. Cardiac and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) were also significantly reduced. Results also show that pre-administration of MEFS was cardio- and nephroprotective in doxorubicin oxidative damage as evidenced by significant (P<0.05) reduction of elevated troponin, CK-MB, creatinine and urea concentrations. Concentrations of renal and cardiac SOD, catalase and GSH were also significantly (p<0.05) increased by MEFS compared to doxorubicin-treated group. Cardiac and renal MDA concentrations were significantly reduced. It may be concluded that protective effects of MEFS on doxorubicin toxicity may be due to the antioxidant properties of MEFS.
Pyrimidine nucleus has a wide spectrum use in medicinal chemistry. Based on structure activity relationship of pyrimidine nucleus we are going to synthesize 4-amino-2-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives. In this structure one primary amine group is free at 4th position. Schiff base has excellent antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral activities due to presence of azomethine (CH=N) group. Schiff base compounds have extensive applications in various fields such as analytical, inorganic, organic, and biological fields. They have excellent pharmacology application prospects in the modern era and are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. In the present work in silico docking studies of five Schiff base compounds were carried out against Staphylococcus aureus.
The antibiotic potentiating activity against standard and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains of the natural compound 5”-O-α-L-raminopyranosyl-1’-β-D-glycopyranosyl-4’,6-dimethoxyflavone (pectolinarin) isolated from L. camara leaves was evaluated. Tests for antibacterial activity of the pure natural substance and analysis of the potentiation of antibacterial activity of pectolinarin associated with antibiotics were carried out against standard and multiresistant bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution. Pectolinarin, when combined with the antibiotic gentamicin, showed synergism, potentiating growth inhibition against Gram-positive S. aureus strains. The pectolinarin flavonoid when combined with the gentamicin antibiotic potentiated its action Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria. Moreover, an antagonistic effect was observed when the pectolinarin was combined with the penicillin antibiotic against the multiresistant S. aureus 358 strain. This research suggests that pectolinarin is a compound with potential application as an antibacterial drug.
A recent paper regarding development and validation of a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry mass spectrometry (LC/MSMS) method for the analysis of antipsychotics and their respective metabolites in urine was published in the Journal of Analytical Toxicology.7 This work by Kim, et al., was focused on assessing adherence of “mentally disordered probationers” to legally required antipsychotics. The authors note that the repercussions of “negative” test results could be severe and thus they have taken a very conservative approach to declaring negative results. This situation is the same as clinical patients who are prescribed antipsychotics and are monitored for their adherence to this paradigm by their physicians. Dosages for these drugs are set by medical practice as well as regulatory approvals. Again, the repercussions of negative test results can be serious. Any improvement in the effective sensitivity of the analytic method would benefit these patients.
We investigated some actions of Withania somnifera on the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors [granulocyte/macrophage colony cell formation (CFU-GM)] of normal animals and EAT bearers, which were treated with different doses (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day). We also evaluated the presence of colony stimulatory factors in the animal's serum, as well as its survival. Furthermore, we analyzed lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-ɤ, and TNF-α concentrations in treated bearing mice. Our results demonstrated Withania somnifera effectiveness on hematopoietic precursors growth and differentiation in marrow and spleen TAE-bearing mice. As it was already expected, EAT produced myelosuppression and increased CFU-GM spleen number concomitantly. The treatment of EAT-bearing animals with W.S. (20, 50, and 100 mg/Kg) produced a dose-dependent increase in myelopoiesis, an increase in a lifetime, and a reduction in spleen colony number. All this happened parallel to survival. As to lymphocyte proliferation, they were also dose-dependent in treated bearing animals. Concerning IFN-γ levels, we observed a significant reduction in non-treated bearing mice. Levels of TNF-α of treated bearing mice significantly increased when compared to the non-treated bearing group. These results are encouraging since they favor the use of W.S. extract in therapeutic combinations with other chemotherapeutic agents to reduce myelotoxicity and supplement the tumoricidal efficacy of this plant.
