Slippery, porous polymeric antimicrobial surfaces for biofilm attachment inhibition of the clinical strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) have been prepared. Porous BMA-EDMA, characterized for its hydrophobic properties, was infused with a slippery liquid creating a hydrophobic liquid interface and characterized by water contact angle and SEM. A low shear force bioreactor was used to prepare biofilms on these antimicrobial surfaces. Biofilm attachment was studied using fluorescence microscopy coupled with image analysis in ImageJ. While the literature presents that these slippery polymers work well as antimicrobial surfaces for several strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it has been found to be strain dependent. This report demonstrates that slippery surfaces do not work well for the strain PA14, and biofilm covered >3.5 times more area as compared to the control glass surfaces.
A newfangled paradigm through deployment of the nonequilibrium Arora's distribution function (NEADF) for resistance surge in a carbonnanotube (CNT) ballistic conductor is presented.The experimental nonlinear I-V characteristics, when voltage across the length of aresistor is higher than its critical value, defy ohmic and ballistic transmission through a CNT.The scattering-limited lowfield restance Rois shown not to be valid when voltage is higher than its critical value Vc=IsatRo where Isat is the saturation current.Both Ro and Vc areneeded to characterize a nano resistive channel with default infinite value of Vc for an ohmic resistor.The finite value of Vc necessitates differentiation of incremental signal resistance from the direct one, bringing to focus the surge with the applied voltage.Isat is shown to be limited by the intrinsic velocity which is the Fermi velocity in a metallic CNT.
The search for electrochemically robust materials for electrochemical application in water treatment; we present the preparation of exfoliated graphite which exhibits good electro-photocatalytic propertyand ZnO which possesses high oxygen evolution potential electrodes for the electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants in water.ZnO was prepared by a homogeneous co-precipitation method followed by the preparation of ZnO-exfoliated graphite (EG) electrode.The EG-ZnO electrode was characterized by electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemistry.The results showed a good dispersion of the ZnO in the EG and improved potential hole.The EG-ZnO electrode was employed for the electrochemical oxidation of methylene blue dye in synthetic wastewater.The efficiency of degradation was measured by uv-visible spectroscopy and total organic carbon (TOC).The electrode exhibited a higher photodegradation efficiency than the bare EG.The kinetics of this electrochemical reaction was studied using the Langmuir Hinshelwood model.Aside the importance of advance oxidation processes as an alternative or complementary water treatment method, this novel electrode is cheap, easy to prepare and has a robust electrochemistry
In our view, the Universe can be described as having two forms of energy: one related to attractive gravitational forces, which is negative, and the other related to mass according to Einstein's formula E = mc(2), which is positive. The generation of nonequilibrium structures (such as Benard vortices or chemical oscillations), where energy is conserved, also corresponds to a free lunch, for the price of nonequilibrium structures is entropy, and not energy. In this context, we can specify the origin of negative gravitational energy and its transformation into positive matter-energy. The idea of the Cartesian Theater is that somewhere in the brain, there is a perceptual space that contains the contents of consciousness. Implied by the supposition of this space is that there must also be a viewer (or viewing process) that is the experience of this content. Contrary to this we think that consciousness can be explained without the Cartesian Theater.
Nanoparticles from different cellulosic sources were prepared via hydrolysis using three different acids. Cellulose, Methylcellulose (MC), Cellulose acetate (CA), Propylcellulose (PC) and Ethylcellulose (EC) was hydrolyzed using pulp-to-liquid ratio of 4.57:1 under 1/3/6 h hydrolysis. Different particles ranging from 70 1580 nm were obtained. The maximum yield (55.3 %) was attained at 3 h hydrolysis with H3PO4 acid, and particle size decreased with increasing reaction time as revealed by SEM and fiber length histograms and BET. Most fibers had pore area around 0.41 μm2. Nanoparticles obtained from all cellulose derivative used had low crystallinity index value attributed to substituent groups. The TGA showed that the prepared nanoparticles have thermal stability at T95 and T90 (5 and 10 wt % mass loss) in the temperature range of 297.51-411.09 oC and 315-508.55 oC with Tmax, 375-525 oC respectively. An extended temperature range was observed for some samples over the whole temperature range with only 50 wt % mass loss of the nanomaterials. FT-IR spectroscopy was employed to study the characteristic functionalities found in crystalline cellulose. BET analysis of samples gave evidences of the nanoparticles possessing large surface area of between 105.698 m2/g and 250.570 m2/g. The Langmuir surface area was 10336.157 m2/g, while the pore size and pore volume, ranged from 1.324 – 9.237 nm and 0.01427 – 0.07939 cm3/g respectively. The three different acids used gave various yields of nanocrystals with H3PO4 having the highest yield of 55.3 %, followed by HCl, (34.8 %) while H2SO4 has the lowest yield of 30 %. All of these yields were obtained under the same reaction conditions during 3 h hydrolysis. All samples hydrolyzed for 6 h gave low yield, 28.2 % of nanoparticles. The 3 h hydrolysis was the optimum reaction time for the generation of nanoparticles using 4.57 mL/g solid-liquid ratio. ISSN 2474-8811
When people are treated for cancer, it is common for them to fear it could come back, either in the same place or another part of the body.In the last decade, medical researchers have increasingly come to recognize the big breadth of these fears and to their possible serious consequences.The patients who are most afraid of cancer recurrence say they have a poorer quality of life, are more likely to develop depression and use more health services.They tend to have thoughts about their cancer returning with very little triggering as a sensation from some area of the body.All this may convince them that they have a new tumor
Heart disease refers to various types of conditions that can affect heart function. These types include:Coronary artery (atherosclerotic) heart disease that affects the arteries to the heart Valvular heart disease that affects how the valves function to regulate blood flow in and out of the heart. Coronary heart disease is initially diagnosed by patient history and physical examination. EKG blood tests, and tests to image the arteries and heart muscle confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for coronary heart disease depends upon its severity. Many times lifestyle changes such as eating a heart healthy diet, exercising regularly, stopping smoking and controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes may limit the artery narrowing.1 Hypertension, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias and valvular heart disease, coagulopathies and stroke, collectively known as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)2. Hyperlipidemia refers to increased levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides. Although hyperlipidemia does not cause symptoms, it can significantly increase your risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including disease of blood vessels supplying the heart (coronary artery disease), brain (cerebrovascular disease), and limbs (peripheral vascular disease). These conditions can in turn lead to chest pain, heart attacks, strokes, and other problems3. Hyperlipidemia is a common risk factor for CVD, with 53.4 percent of adults in the United States having abnormal cholesterol values and 32 percent having elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels4. Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by an increase in one or more of the plasma lipids, including triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids and or plasma lipoproteins including very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein along with reduced highdensity Formulation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Pravastatin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles S T Bhagawati ,Varsha N S Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Siddaganga college of Pharmacy, B H Road Tumkur572102, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author: S.T. Bhagawati, Department of Pharmaceutics, Sree Siddaganga college of Pharmacy, B H Road Tumkur572102, Karnataka, India. Email: stbhagawati@rediffmail.com Citation: S.T. Bhagawati et.al(2017). Formulation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Pravastatin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Int J Nano Med & Eng. 2:6, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.25141/2474-8811-2017-6.0113 Copyright: © 2017 S.T. Bhagawati et.al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Received June 14, 2017 Accepted July 03, 2017, Published July 06, 2017
In this study, bamboo impregnated with nanoscale manganese (BMn) was prepared by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and PIXE analysis.The synthesized nMn-bamboo (BMn) was subsequently applied for the sorption of methylene blue (MB) and acid violet 19 (AV 19) from aqueous solution representing a thiazine and a triarylmethane class of dyes, respectively.Batch adsorptions of MB and AV 19 dyes were investigated under various experimental conditions such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of dyes and adsorbent dosage.The results showed that the synthesized BMn is an effective adsorbent with a high MB and AV 19 dyes adsorption capacity above 180 mg/L for both dyes.At concentration 120 mg/L, usage of 0.02 g of BMn resulted to 263.5 and 187.2 mg/g removal efficiency for MB and AV 19, respectively at 165 rpm for a period of 120 min and at a solution pH of 7.6.The equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model better explained the kinetic data
In recent studies, irradiated polysaccharides have mainly been applied in hydroponic or spraying systems for some specific type of crops only.Hence, more studies are desired to establish the optimum conditions for use of such materials as plant growth promoters.In this regard, the growth promotion activity of radiation depolymerized alginate has been investigated for on tomato, spinach, mung dal, jute, pumpkin, egg plant, green chilli, red chilli, cabbage and cauliflower plants up to 30 to 90 days.The growth promotion activity of these plants was tested on various growth parameters which are averages of plants height, number of leaves & stems, leaves area, vine's thickness, root length, size of fruits, number of fruits, harvest time, first flowering, wet & dry weight yield.Solution of SA irradiation at 5 to 50 kGy were prepared and applied by spraying system for the growth promotion of selective plants.The plant showed insignificant changes for all the studied attributes after the treatment of nonirradiated SA on it and for the control plant.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess excellent physical and mechanical properties.The filler reinforcement into the metallic matrix improves the stiffness, specific strength, wear, creep and fatigue properties compared to the conventional engineering materials.The present work is a study of the effect of reinforcement of different types of fillers in metal matrix and their merits and demerits.Effect of different dispersion on the mechanical properties like tensile strength, strain, hardness, wear and fatigue of MMCs and its different applications are also highlighted in the paper.
This paper reflects information and knowledge that is present in the literature on the Akiyama probe.The discussion involves an elaboration of features, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, uses and results in real applications.Having a unique structure, the Akiyama problem can be regarded as a form of tuning fork probe that induces an atomic force microscope.The soft, long cantilever provides a possible measurement of soft samples in tapping mode.Quartz tuning forks are manifested for high-accuracy control of frequency and are extensively applied in watches, digital circuit frequency standards, and clocks.Since they provide benefits in terms of frequency stability, high quality, self-actuating and self-sensing capabilities, and the feasibility of the vibration signal transcendence there are different aspects and uses present.The Akiyama probe is therefore realized into two forms (1).The probe tip could be made from a carbon nanotube, a conventional AFM cantilever, fiber, or some other kind of stylus.The Akiyama probe has an approach of having high stiffness in the equipment along with high-quality characteristics which provide them with a constant source of small vibrations and their frequent amplitudes.Overall, the equipment consists of a silicon nitride cantilever that is U-shaped; this is joined in a balanced manner along with the quartz tuning fork.There is an inclined probing tip (Figure 1) (2).There is a fixation of the two cantilever legs on the tuning fork prongs in a separate manner.
Formulation Development And Invitro Evaluation Of Matrix Type Transdermal Drug Delivery System Using Cetyl Pyridinium Vanitha Rapaka1, .Haritha2, D.Srikanth3, Y.Vishwanadham 4 1Department of Pharmaceutics, TRR College of pharmacy, Hyderabad, TS, India. 2Department of Pharmaceutics, TRR College of pharmacy, Hyderabad, TS, India. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Palamuru University, Mahaboobnagar, TS, India. 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vishnu institute of Pharmaceutical education & Research, Narsapur, Medak-Ts India Corresponding Author: Y.Vishwanadham, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vishnu institute of Pharmaceutical education & Research, Narsapur, Medak-Ts India Citation: Y.Vishwanadham (2017) Formulation Development And Invitro Evaluation Of Matrix Type Transdermal Drug Delivery System Using Cetyl Pyridinium Int J Nano Med & Eng. 2:5, 73-79 Copyright: © 2017 Y.Vishwanadham. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Herein, we have developed Th-Mn nanoadsorbent for the removal of fluoride from aqueous systems.The adsorbent presented high surface area (156.864m 2 /g) and small pore size (13.3Å) demonstrating the high porosity of the nanoadsorbent.The adsorbent surface morphology has been characterized by XRD, TEM, BET, and Raman techniques.The fluoride adsorption mechanism was confirmed by FTIR studies.The fluoride uptake conditions were optimized using batch studies.The batch results demonstrated maximum adsorption efficiency (85%) at pH 6 within 85 min.The adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model (R 2 > 0.870).The nanoadsorbent presented excellent regeneratability (up to 95%) with an alkali solution.The property of regeneration and reusability makes it a smart sustainable material for fluoride removal.
Epoxy coating uses for the corrosion protection of stainless steel.It does not protect metal in presence of corrosive pollutants.Epoxycoated stainless steel surface has possessed lots of porosities so pollutants and particulates materials are entered inside by osmosis and diffusion process.Pollutants like oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen, and oxides of sulphur form acids and they make hostile environment for base metal and epoxy polymer.These acids develop chemical reaction with epoxy-coated stainless steel.They develop corrosion cell with metal and start corrosion reaction.They can produce several forms corrosion like galvanic, pitting, stress, crevice, blistering and embrittlement.Epoxy polymer is shown swelling corrosion.Such types of pollutants are disintegrated metal and polymer and change their physical, chemical and mechanical properties.Particulates materials are acidic and basic in nature.They are accommodated on the surface of epoxy-coated stainless steel and tarnish their facial appearance.They also produce corroding effects.Weather changes can affect the corrosion rate of materials because increase or decrease temperatures of atmosphere, concentration of pollutants, moisture, humidity and acids.They initiate the corrosion of materials.The corrosion protection of epoxy-coated stainless steel was controlled by the application of synthesized decahydrobenzo [8]annulene-5,10-disemicarbazone and this compound was nanocoated on the surface of epoxy-coated stainless steel.Nanaocoating material develops lot of porosities which are blocked by TiN filler.Nanocoating and filler materials were formed composite a thin barrier on the surface of epoxy-coated stainless steel and studied their action in corrosion in hostile environment.Nanocoating work can be completed by the use of nozzle spray and chemical vapour deposition.Thermal parameters like activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy, enthalpy and entropy were used to study composite film formation.The corrosion rates of materials were calculated by gravimetric method.Surface coverage areas and coating efficiencies were obtained by the help of corrosion rate.Potentiostat used to determine corrosion potential, corrosion current and current density.Experimental observations indicated that composite film barrier was formed decahydrobenzo[8]annulene-5,10-disemicarbazone and TiN which physical, chemical and mechanical properties did not change easily in ambient environment.
In the present study, AgNPs were synthesized by employing an eco-friendly and convenient method using cell free supernatant of a isolated bacterial strain AN-1, Bacterial proteins were used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate(AgNO 3 ).Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was substantiated by the occurrence of surface Plasmon peak of silver nanoparticles at 405 nm.FTIR analysis of AgNPs re-vealed the structure and the signature bands of the bio-synthesized nanoparticles, at 2,966, 1,636, and 1,403 cm -1 .Further characterization with SEM analysis revealed the spherical, polydisperse AgNPs of particle size ranging from 74.56 to 92.67 nm.Biosynthesized AgNPs showed significant antimicrobial activity and dye decolorizing ability.Study affirmed that the nanoparticles synthesized by bacteria can be utilized as promising agents for antibacterial applications and treatment of synthetic dyes.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is an industrial chemical widely used in many industries, including industries of the aluminum, steel, fertilier, glass, ceramic, and brick.In a variety of settings, HF is a pollutant usually created in an industrial process (1).Studies showed that concentrated HF contamination may cause a fatal outcome even if small areas of body surface are exposed (2,3).The case reported here is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to accidental inhalation of HF.In cases of refractory hypoxemia, extracoporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is becoming an acceptable rescue therapy.We believe severe hypoxemic respiratory failure as a result of ARDS caused by inhalation of HF in which venovenous-ECMO (VV-ECMO) was used successfully as a bridge to lung recovery has not been previous reported
The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this study. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is an industrial chemical widely used in many industries, including industries of the aluminum, steel, fertilizer, glass, ceramic, and brick.In a variety of settings, HF is a pollutant usually created in an industrial process. 1 Studies showed that concentrated HF contamination may cause a fatal outcome even if small areas of body surface are exposed. 2,3The case reported here is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to accidental inhalation of HF.In cases of refractory hypoxemia, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is becoming an acceptable rescue therapy.We believe severe hypoxemic respiratory failure as a result of ARDS caused by inhalation of HF in which venovenous-ECMO (VV-ECMO) was used successfully as a bridge to lung recovery has not been previous reported.
We present a new theoretical technical solution application of nanopore sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, https://www.nanoporetech.com/),which has primarily been used to read molecules.We describe how to apply nanopore sequencing for the production of a new type of device synthesing of molecules according to our requirements of a chosen database that has been prepared in advance.This technology can implement the programmed synthesis of long DNA strings, ideally entire chromosomes.We propose a device using nanopores and a system of nanotubes that can synthesize molecules using individual nucleotides, existing singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) ligase or modified forms of ssDNA ligase and the energy provided by ATP.The second strand is synthesized by Taq polymerase, which is located below the nanopore.The synthesis of long strings is performed using many nanopores positioned linearly.The strings are collected in wells below the nanopore, after which the strings are ligated to form a long single string (or to form part or all of a chromosome) by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) ligase.There are many options for successful implementation, particularly in the field of genetic engineering
