PTSD is a mental health condition that can develop in some individuals who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic or life-threatening event. Previously, we identified a combination of blood biomarkers to differentiate controls from a PTSD cohort. This biomarker model could be used to diagnose and monitor treatment of PTSD, both behavioural and pharmacological. A recent publication questioned the health impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which are used to improve mood, emotion and cognition .
In this study, 46 patients who were operated on for Type I Chiari malformation (CM) in our clinic since 2010 were included. The preoperative and postoperative cranial and spinal MRI examinations of all patients were compared between the two groups in terms of hydrocephalus, tonsillar herniation level, the presence and level of syringomyelia, osseous anomalies, postoperative cisterna magna formation, postoperative obex structure, and syringomyelia status.
A sport-related concussion (SRC) is a mild traumatic brain injury resulting from impulsive forces in sports, often presenting various symptoms. Clinicians lack objective measures and rely on subjective patient reports (via symptom checklists or inventories) to guide return-to-play decisions. These methods, however, may not reflect physiologic recovery, with concern over the under-reporting of symptoms to return to activity quicker. Quantitative tracking of physiologic recovery could offer a more personalized approach to treating concussion.
The tumor volume and the quality of the tumor resection were evaluated by MRI according to the Kenzaki classification. The facial nerve function was evaluated according to the House and Brackmann classification. The type of the cystic SV according to the position of the cyst and the thickness of the cystic wall was classified into type A and B according to the Piccirillo, et al. classification (PC).
The neurobiological features of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a debilitating psychiatric condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events, are associated with enigmatic pathological mechanisms which are becoming clearer as the library of associated literature increases.This article considers the clinical features of PTSD, the neural circuitry at work, and some of the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to PTSD risk.In addition, this review presents various models proposed to explain the progression of PTSD, including the Synaptic Model of Chronic Stress Pathology, the Network-based Model, and the Dual Pathology Model.This review underscores the need for more objective evidence of risk stratification and diagnosis by elucidating recent research into sleep disturbances and potential biomarkers associated with PTSD.The present review concludes that the neurobiological and genetic mechanisms which underlie PTSD are crucial to aid in developing novel, effective treatments and risk stratification tools, and that biomarker analysis holds promise for enhancing the identification of individuals at risk and providing targeted interventions.
Blepharospasm (BB) in an involuntary movement disorder characterized by stereotyped, bilateral, and synchronous spasms of the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscles. Spasms may be either brief or sustained and give rise either to narrowing or spasmodic closure of eyelids thus leading to functional blindness [1]. Dystonia of the lower face is frequently associated with BB [2].
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare head and neck cancer in Western Countries. Neck radiotherapy (RT) is a routine procedure for treating or preventing the nodal metastasis in NPC patients. Ionizing radiation from RT has been associated with enhanced atherosclerotic process of large vessel arteries of the neck and brain which results in higher incidence of cerebrovascular events.
Magnetic particles in the human body have various effects on the human health, ranging from positive effects in the treatment of diseases, e.g., by a hyperthermia treatment, to negative effects, e.g., on Alzheimer's disease. In the present manuscript a short review is given on these effects of magnetic particles in the human body.
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is a rare disease, difficult to diagnose and treat. It is characterized by a progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction with typical onset in the first two decades of life and by a set of clinical manifestations such as speech disturbance, focal or generalized dystonia, pigmentary retinopathy associated with mild cognitive impairment.
Occlusion or rupture of cerebral blood vessel can cause a stroke. It can occur either on a child and adult even it unusual in children. Stroke in pediatric population is rare but it carries often long-term disability and mortality. We present two cases of pediatric stroke with metabolic disease as underlying disease. One of them admitted with weakness and clumsiness persisted of right hand and leg. The other one admitted with weakness in the left hand and leg. Both showed motor improvement and progression cerebral blood flow after IAH procedure. The rarity of the case and successful management prompted us for reporting along with review of literatures.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (also known as Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities-ID/DD) are associated with multiple-complex-health-conditions that, in contrast to children, are often not evaluated and/or managed properly as adults. The specialty of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics exists for children with ID/DD, but there is no equivalent specialty for the adults.
Individuals suffering from diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) face a dismal prognosis with a median overall survival of approximately 11 months, and a 2-year survival rate of 10%. Long-term survival is very rare. To date, radiotherapy remains the standard of care at diagnosis, but offers a survival benefit of approximately 3 months. Chemotherapy has not shown to be effective. There is no Standard of Care for progressive DIPG after radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this case report is to present the 23-year survival of a 26-year-old male treated with Antineoplaston therapy A10 and AS2-1 (ANP) for progressive DIPG.
Citation: Battineni G, Chintalapudi N, Amenta F (2020) Late-Life Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Detection Using Pruned Decision Trees. Int J Brain Disord Treat 6:033. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5866/1410033 Accepted: February 06, 2020: Published: February 08, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Battineni G, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Late-Life Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Detection Using Pruned Decision Trees
Pilocytic astrocytomas are tumors of the central nervous system mostly during the first two decades of life. Although they are mostly common in the midline structures of children, pilocytic astrocytoma within the ventricular system of an adult is extremely rare. We report a case of a 38-year old woman with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a brain tumor within the third ventricle. On histological examination, the tumor exhibited biphasic growth pattern comprising compacted cellular areas with Rosenthal fibers and loose textured microcystic areas with eosinophilic granular bodies. Mitosis or necrosis was not present. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), Olig2, and ATRX positivity as well as NeuN and EMA negativity. Ki67 labeling index was less than 1%. Molecular studies revealed that there are no isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation and H3F3A mutation. This clinical presentation along with the histologic and molecular findings is consistent with a pilocytic astrocytoma arising in the third ventricle of this adult brain, which indicates that pilocytic astrocytoma can present as an intraventricular tumor in an adult patient and should be routinely included in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular brain neoplasm.
COVID-19 is an emergent disease with reported neurotropism and neuroinvasion, although its pathophysiology is not yet understood. We present the newly discoveries and hypothesis for SARS-Cov-2 neurological infection.
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in HIV related cryptococcal meningitis is uncommon. We report a case of a forty-year-old HIV infected woman on second line protease inhibitor based antiretroviral therapy; tenofovir, lamivudine and atazanavir/ritonavir and fluconazole prophylaxis with poor adherence who presented to the HIV outpatient clinic with history of treatment for multiple relapses of cryptococcal meningitis. She presented with complaints of recurrent headache, vomiting and blurring of vision and a painful right eye. One year earlier, she had been treated three times for cryptococcal meningitis diagnosed by positive CSF cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) and CSF India ink stain. On all treatment episodes, she had completed induction therapy with amphotericin B and fluconazole, had negative repeat fungal cultures and fluconazole after induction therapy and was on fluconazole for consolidation and maintenance phases. On presentation, she had cranial nerve palsy with otherwise normal central nervous system (CNS) examination. Her CD4 count was 9 /μL and HIV viral load 234,387 copies/ml. Magnetic Resonance (MR) brain imaging with MR-venogram done showed mild filling defects in distal saggital and left transverse sinuses. A diagnosis of CVT was made. Repeat CSF CRAG was positive but repeat cultures were negative. She was initiated on treatment for CNS cryptococcosis with amphotericin B and fluconazole and started on anticoagulation. She completed 6 months therapy with warfarin with marked improvement. This case contributes to the literature on CNS cryptococcosis and CVT and highlights the difficulties of managing a patient with poor adherence especially in CNS cyptococcosis that requires prolonged treatment.
Pneumocephalus or air within the cranial vault is usually associated with a series of symptoms caused by head trauma, the presence of neoplasms or after craniofacial surgical interventions or other causes. We report a case report of an elderly patient who presented with postural instability with an anamnestic history that didn't talk about traumatic events. We review briefly the literature for non-traumatic causes causes of pneumocephalus, its symptoms and clinical manifestations and finally the therapy.
