We present the case of a 37-year-old patient diagnosed with oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma, a rare variant characterized by its variable clinical behavior and high potential for aggressiveness. The patient presented symptoms compatible with hypercortisolism, and a large, functional left adrenal mass with vascular extension was found. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. This case is relevant due to the rarity of the oncocytic variant, the advanced local involvement, and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in surgical and oncological management. It also contributes to highlighting the need for clinical suspicion in the face of nonspecific endocrine symptoms and the value of diagnostic imaging and histological markers for timely detection and treatment.
Lung and colorectal cancers are among the most devastating malignancies globally, contributing to millions of cancer-related deaths each year. Despite significant advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, clinical challenges continue to arise. For example, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) used for treating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancer often led to acquired resistance within 9 to 14 months. Meanwhile, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, achieve Objective Response Rates (ORR) of less than 30% in many patients. Additionally, the “don’t-eat-me” signal, mediated by the CD47 signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, allows tumour cells to evade macrophage phagocytosis, further diminishing the effectiveness of existing treatments. In this context, Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) which combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the cytotoxicity of small-molecule drugs have emerged as a transformative strategy to address these limitations. The recent study by Chiang et al. (2025) on “7DC-DM1,” a non-cleavable CD47-targeting ADC, published in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, represents a significant advance in meeting the unmet needs of lung and colorectal cancer therapy. It offers new insights into ADC design, target engagement, and clinical translation. Furthermore, this editorial discusses potential application scenarios and future development directions for various types of ADCs.
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas, also known as Frantz tumor, is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor that predominantly affects young women. It has a favourable prognosis following complete surgical resection. We report the case of a 24-year-old male patient who presented with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Imaging revealed a well-defined, rounded lesion in the pancreatic tail, measuring approximately 8.2 × 6.5 × 5.7 cm. After multidisciplinary discussion, the patient underwent partial pancreatectomy (body and tail), splenectomy, omentectomy, and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of SPN, with negative surgical margins and lymph nodes free of neoplasia. Postoperatively, the patient developed a pancreatic fistula and refractory vomiting, requiring abdominal drainage and symptomatic optimization. The patient is currently in good general condition, asymptomatic, and with no evidence of recurrence on follow-up imaging, with resolution of a residual fluid collection. This case illustrates the clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic management, and postoperative course of a patient with SPN, highlighting the role of surgery in treatment and the favourable prognosis of the disease.
1.1. Purpose: To report a case of severe sight loss following single infusion of pembrolzumab 1.2. Methods: Retrospective case report 1.3. Results: Ocular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, due to their rarity, remain poorly characterised. Pembrolizumab targets the programmed cell death (PD-1) protein on T cells, circumventing the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade the body’s adaptive immune response. To date, reports of ocular surface disease, neuro-ophthalmic complications, orbitopathy, retinal dysfunction and uveitis have been reported following pembrolizumab infusion. We report the first case of severe panuveitis resulting in loss of vision, following a single initial infusion of pembrolizumab. 1.4. Conclusion: The case serves as a heartening reminder of the need for prompt reporting of visual symptoms, recognition of ocular immune-related adverse events and a multi-disciplinary approach between oncology and ophthalmology in patients receiving immunotherapy for cancer treatment.
Introduction: Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas are malignant tumors of papillary origin, with a diameter of ≤ 1 cm. They generally have a favorable prognosis, characterized by slow growth, an asymptomatic course, and an overall survival rate of approximately 99% at 10 years. The rates of locoregional progression are typically <5%, while distant metastasis occurs in ≤ 1% of cases Materials and methods: The descriptive observational study, performed in Cali in a level IV clinic between 2018-2023, analyzed 140 patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (PTMC). Results: Many patients were women aged 40 to 60 years, residing in Cali, and affiliated with the Contributive regime. Most were asymptomatic or presented with thyroid enlargement. Although 14% had a family history of cancer, only 4% had a history of thyroid cancer. Chronic comorbidities were present in 49.3% of cases, and 12% had a history of hypothyroidism. Pathological findings revealed multifocality in 27% of patients, extrathyroidal extension in 5%, and lymphatic metastasis in 19.3%. Treatment primarily consisted of total thyroidectomy (82.1%) and lobectomy (17.9%).
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (not -specified) is an rare presentation of non-Hodgking Lymphoma, associated with a an worse prognostic. Multiple schedules, including the introduction of new drugs, and until no clear benefit has been observed, and in some, severe toxicities limited the use of these regimens. We performed an gemcitabine based chemotherapy, with two drugs that’s is considered in the treatment of T-cell lymphomas, etoposide and methotrexate, and introducing the use of maintenance with thalidomide. Progression-free survival (PFS) was better in patients that received thalidomide:69.9% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 67.2% to 75.4) compared with control group: 48.8% (43.2 % to 54.5 %), (p < 0.001): also overall survival (OS): 72.0% (95% CI: 67.7% to 76.9%) compared with control group: 51 % to 69.0%) (p < 0.001) Moreover, the PFS and OS were better that most of the published reports, We show that the control group un scheme based in pharmacological drugs, could be better that more toxic a] schedules. More studies are necessary to confirm our results.
In this paper we will talk about the most common skin tumors such as benign, premalignant and malignant. Among the pathologies that are considered benign we have common warts, solar keratosis and senile hyperkeratosis. These entities, although they tend to be annoying for the patient from an aesthetic or appearance point of view, do not medically represent any danger to the individual who suffers from them. Common warts appear most frequently in places of bending or rubbing, face, hands, legs, soles of the feet and body. Classified into plants, pedunculated and acuminate, they tend to grow quickly and increase rapidly in number, so it is advisable to treat them as soon as possible. There are various treatments to control these entities, we have cryogenic agents such as carbonic snow, nitrous oxide and liquid nitrogen which allow us to remove the injury through a cold burn, which must be applied weekly until its complete disappearance. Various topical preparations have been used such as salicylic acid and podophyllin, however both commercial products produce a significant burn at the edge of the lesion. We have seen repeatedly that when the wart or keratosis is large, these products do not penetrate the deep layers of the dermis, causing a residual. On the other hand, we have electrofulguration, which will allow us to burn the injury using a device called electrofulguration, which emits low-frequency electric current through a pencil that has a Teflon conductor at the tip. Another procedure is CO2 laser that burn these lesions in one session. The advantage of this procedure is that in a single session all warts can be removed. Regarding senile hyperkeratosis and seborrheic keratoses, it is worth mentioning that although they are similar entities, the difference between them is that the former appear after the age of 50 and the latter in young adulthood, being caused by excess of fat in the skin. The ideal treatment for both entities is through the cryogenic agents, laser, IPL and astringent lotions can be used if the case warrants it.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is an inborn growth disorder caused by molecular alterations in chromosome 11p15.5. Due to the varying clinical findings of patients with 11p15.5 disturbances, the syndromic entity was expanded to the Beckwith– Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp). BWSp describes a complex heterogeneous and multisystem disease spectrum. It can be diagnosed by clinical assessment and/or molecular testing. The clinical features comprise characteristic developmental anomalies, including midline abdominal defects, macroglossia, overgrowth, hemihypertrophy, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Patients with BWSp patients are predisposed to malignancy during their early childhood.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare, low-grade malignant soft tissue sarcoma. Although its overall incidence rate is low and its survival rate is high, the incidence of this disease has increased gradually in recent years. The high recurrence rate of this disease can be attributed to the limited understanding of its pathogenesis and the restricted treatment options available. In recent years, as research on cancer pathogenesis has become more extensive, there has been a growing emphasis on immune-related issues that are closely associated with the occurrence and progression of cancer. This article provides an overview of current research on the immune response to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, including studies on tumour-related antigen expression, antigen-presenting cell expression, immune cell infiltration, and radiotherapy. By summarizing and analyzing the research findings, we aim to provide a valuable reference for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease from an immunological perspective and proposing novel treatment strategies.
Arsenic is a common environmental agent that modulates various kind of disease including cancer. However, the exact role of arsenic induce in breast cancer development remains unknown in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Therefore, present study has been designed with the aims to elucidate the impact of arsenic exposure i.e 24, 48, and 72 hours on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as Sox4, EpCAM, and CK19. RT-PCR analysis was carried out for the characterization of EMT with specific primers on agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA copy number variation (DNACNVs) was evaluated to assess genetic susceptibility and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was examined to determine the “risk factor” in CTCs isolated from breast cancer patients. Interestingly, findings reveal the differential gene expression and a pattern of down regulation (under expression) were observed during 24 and 48 hours of exposure, followed by up regulation at 72 hours. Genetic heterogeneity of the MTHFR C→T allele was detected only at 48 hours, suggesting that arsenic increase “risk” for developing breast cancer by modulating EMT marker either alone or synergistically with MTHFR in CTCs.
Glioblastoma is a formidable brain tumor, characterized by its aggressiveness and limited treatment options. Despite its prevalence, the etiology of glioblastoma remains poorly understood, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to its development. Recent studies have revealed intriguing connections between vitamin D levels and the incidence of glioblastoma, suggesting that vitamin D may play a crucial role in prevention and treatment. In this article, we explore the etiology of glioblastoma, the role of vitamin D in brain health, and the potential for vitamin D as a key element in glioblastoma prevention and treatment.
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of different online exercise strategies to increase physical activity levels in cancer patients implemented during the lockdown that may be maintained as usual care after it.1.2.Methods: Three different strategies were designed and implemented during the lockdown, adapting the exercise oncology service in two ways: based on restrictions of the pandemic situation and the evolution of pandemic information. Results:After exercises interventions, cancer patients reported a significant rise of 92% in physical activity levels and a reduction of 52.9% in sitting time.In terms on the weight, there were no significant changes. Conclusion:Online programs were an effective strategy to increase physical activity levels in cancer patients during the lockdown, particularly when the partial lockdown was in effect.A higher level of control and longer intervention were more effective in increasing physical activity levels in cancer patients during and after the lockdown.Sedentarism linked with some cancer treatment side effects leads to significant reductions in fitness capacity and muscle mass and increased levels of obesity, which may impact patients' quality of life and functionality [8] .In this sense, physical activity is an effective tool to prevent muscle mass loss and improve fitness capac-
1.1. Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed limitations on older adults with chronic pain concerning accessing adequate support. Consequently, they rely on assistance from caregivers, and the burden of caring deteriorates caregivers’ physical and psychological health. Thus, a dyadic non-pharmacological pain management program, Photo-with-Movement Program (PMP), that helps older adults relieve pain, lowers caregivers’ stress and improves their psychological well-being is necessary.
1.1. Aim: To investigate the association of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plus immunotherapy with overall survival (OS) compared to 3-5 fractions of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) plus immunotherapy in patients with brain metastases (BMs) from breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and melanoma.
We present a case report on the discovery of a myofibroblastoma tumor in a female patient. This type of benign tumor is very rare and the few cases found in the literature are found in the male population. We describe this case because it is important to share with the scientific community the clinical and radiological findings of this type of tumor to facilitate its identification and prompt intervention.
In advanced hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy improved progression-free survival over endocrine treatment and became the standard of care in the first-line setting. However, the incorporation of CDK4/6 inhibitors is recent, so we are still learning about the adverse events that may derive from using this class of drugs, including skin toxicity and dermatological reactions. We present a case of a 32-year-old patient recently diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, that presented grade 4 cutaneous toxicity with ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor.
