Road rage, characterized by aggressive behaviours among road users, has become a significant public health concern in urban transportation. This review, which shifts from a driver-centric to a multi-modal, systemic perspective, synthesized 135 empirical studies to examine road rage across multiple user groups, while also analyzing trends, contributing factors, and mitigation strategies. Studies were sourced from Scopus and included diverse road user types and methodologies, with experimental studies being the most common (39.3%), followed by observational (24.4%) and mixed-methods approaches (20.7%). The research was mainly focused on China (32 studies) and the United States (16 studies), with 116 studies (85.9%) emphasizing driver behaviour. However, pedestrian (65 studies, 48.1%) and cyclist interactions (23 studies, 17.0%) are increasingly acknowledged. Environmental factors were the most frequently examined contributors (122 studies), with substantial statistical significance noted: 59.3% of effect sizes were large (≥ 0.5). Infrastructure modifications (64 studies) and education programs (46 studies) appeared as key intervention strategies, with 30 studies reporting successful outcomes. This review highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches that include all road users and stresses the importance of standardized reporting, cultural factors, and rigorous evaluations to improve transportation safety.
Telemedicine has received recent attention as a means to improve care access for chronically ill patients and underserved communities. However, new health information technologies like telemedicine change health providers’ practices, management, and environment. These changes, if not well addressed, can cause dissatisfaction and disruption, negatively impacting time efficiency, quality of care, and patient safety. This scoping literature review seeks to identify the methods used to study integration of telemedicine into clinicians’ workflow. Scoping reviews identify gaps and provide direction for future research and areas of improvement. Peer-reviewed, original empirical studies related to workflow in the context of telemedicine integration were identified through a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (Ovid). The search identified 147 articles, which were screened based on title and abstract. The remaining articles were thoroughly reviewed and assessed for eligibility. Fifteen articles were included. Three approaches to study telemedicine integration in clinical workflow predominate the academic literature: First, quantitative data analysis techniques applied to time studies, time-motion studies, and surveys and interviews; second, qualitative data analysis techniques applied to interviews, surveys, and observational studies; and third, mixed methods to assess telehealth integration. Literature identifies time-saving as a significant benefit of telemedicine. However, physicians, nurses and other relevant stakeholders have concerns that cannot necessarily be measured in terms of time. Additional research is needed to address other dimensions of clinical workflow, collect holistic perspectives of integration issues from stakeholders, and connect those issues to the specific components of the telemedicine system to prioritize in process improvement.
The introduction of new items of supervisory control systems into the Royal Navy is supported by modelling to understand the future impacts and benefits. This paper describes work on one such supervisory system. It describes the review work and cognitive modelling technique that was developed and then validated. The results are presented and discussed. They support a general approach to cognitive modelling and more generally capability modelling.
In the textile business, risks can lead to occupational musculoskeletal system diseases due to working on a machine for a long time in the same posture position. In this study, it was aimed to analyses the ergonomic risk of the employees by using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), Rapid Upper Body Assessment (RULA) and Fine-Kinney risk assessment methods to find physical difficulties and overcome them in a textile firm, Diyarbakır, Türkiye. In this study, ergonomic risk assessments of people working in 20 different jobs were measured by REBA and RULA methods. In the same study, 19 different threats and risks were scored and evaluated by using the Fine-Kinney method. Snap making process and drawing process were high risks according to REBA method and quilting transport processes, print preview process, printing process, warehouse packaging process and roll fabric transportation process were found as the highest risks by RULA method. Failure to prevent employees from working in positions that strain the musculoskeletal systems and the lack of proper posture when taking products or parts carried by hand are scored as intolerable risks at overall. In this direction, necessary arrangements were made and solutions were offered to the stakeholders of the sector
Several studies showed that higher levels of self-esteem are correlated with lower levels of anxiety and of depression, and higher satisfactory interpersonal relationships such as security and closeness, whereas low self-esteem was found to play a pivotal role as a risk factor for anxiety, emotion regulation problems and depression. Self-esteem is a key determinant of the psychological and social well-being of individuals, particularly in people with disabilities, who often face unique challenges related to self-acceptance and social inclusion. There is a paucity of specific research on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions targeting self-esteem in people with disabilities. This experimental comparative study aims to analyse changes in self-esteem, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression in a sample of 30 individuals with mild intellectual disability, aged between 17 and 30 years, who participated in a psychotherapeutic program focused on self-esteem training and the interview technique (Semi, 1985), conducted in a public setting. The individual psychotherapeutic program was structured into 8 weekly sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, for a total duration of 8 weeks. The intervention, using an uncontrolled trial, was supported by objective measurements taken from the patients before (T0) and after the psychotherapeutic program (T1). Results analysed using SPSS 2.0 software revealed significant improvements in the participants' self-esteem and psychological well-being, as well as a reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms among the patients involved in the study
More than one million firefighters work in the United States. The standard fire (SF) coat, used by the firefighters, had been in place for many years. Our research team was entrusted with the job of designing a new coat radically different from the SF coat. In the first year of the project, we designed a cooling system (CS) coat with carbon nanotube-based fabric, two pouches inside the coat, accommodating coolants and fans. We spent one year on the new coat making sure that fans run, and coolants remain unspent while firefighters work inside a live burn facility for a specified length of time. We christened the state-of-theart coat that eventually involved as Lion’s cooling system (LC) coat. The main objective of our research was to compare SF and LC coats on gait and postural balance of firefighters. Underlying our research mission was the goal to show that the LC coat is not inferior to the SF coat on gait and postural balance. The mission was successful.
Mild intellectual disability is characterized by a limited ability to adapt to novel situations and difficulties in managing emotions. Common challenges faced by individuals with mild intellectual disability include difficulty managing anger and reduced psychological flexibility, factors that can hinder their ability to cope with daily challenges and negatively impact their quality of life. The current study demonstrates that an integrated psychotherapeutic program, incorporating Mindfulness exercises, the third-generation cognitive-behavioural approach known as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and interactions with nature inspired stimuli either imagined or co-created with the participant (for example billboards depicting sea or mountain landscapes, plants present in the psychotherapeutic work context, background nature sounds, etc.), can enhance psychological flexibility, anger management skills, reduce perceived stress, and improve subjective well-being in individuals with mild intellectual disability. The sample, consisting of 20 people with mild intellectual disability aged 17-26 years showed significant improvements after the intervention. These results fill the existing gap in the literature. Historically, research has often emphasized the limitations associated with patients’ cognitive impairments, overlooking their inherent strengths and underutilizing their personal resources. As a result, reduced cognitive ability has frequently been cited as a barrier to benefiting from psychological counselling, leading to limited therapeutic options being offered to this population
Today the consensus is almost general and indisputable: talent is a determining factor in the success of individuals and organizations around the world. More or less everyone is looking for talent in others and wants to demonstrate their own. We all want to work with talented people. It's a great way to develop our talent too. Discovering and enhancing a latent talent and making it grow ultimately represents one of the most rewarding and significant challenges of the educational mission as well as the mission that any society should have. For years we have been trying to answer the question of whether “talent is innate or developed through experience and the environment". The question we ask ourselves today is: Can learning in "personalized” environments, through artificial intelligence algorithms, foster creative thinking and the development of talents?
Clothing ergonomics, an interdisciplinary field blending ergonomics, anthropometry, and fashion design, revolutionizes the relationship between clothing, the human body, and the environment. By emphasizing human-centered design, it ensures garments are not only visually appealing but also functional, comfortable, and tailored to users’ needs. This study explores the application of ergonomic principles in fashion design, focusing on usability, functionality, and aesthetic harmony. It highlights the significance of anthropometric data in designing clothing that aligns with the body’s natural movements, improving safety, health, and comfort. The research examines the evolution of ergonomic design in fashion, from historical shifts in women’s clothing to modern advancements in material science and user-centric methodologies. Special attention is given to critical design zones, including necklines, shoulders, and sleeves, ensuring seamless interaction between garments and wearers. Fashion design is pivotal in blending aesthetics with functionality, particularly in addressing the physical relationship between clothing and the human body. The six foundational pillar safety, health, comfort, functionality, aesthetics, and individuality— are emphasized as essential principles for innovative and impactful design. This integration of science and creativity fosters garments that resonate with diverse user expectations, aligning functionality with symbolic and emotional dimensions. The findings underscore the transformative potential of clothing ergonomics in creating wearable solutions that merge aesthetic allure with practical usability, elevating modern fashion to new standards of excellence.
Automatic thinking is a precursor for an individual’s actions and choices. Avoiding cognitive overload in a world that requires many micro-decisions every day is crucial and thus the brain relies on heuristics to efficiently deal with choices without conscious deliberation. Within consumer behavior, automatic thinking plays an integral role in determining purchases. This manifests through schemas based on familiarity and emotional associations. Marketers can capitalize on this tendency of automatic thinking through the strategic use of advertisement and product placements, priming consumers to favor certain brands over others. Techniques such as habituation and recency also aid in embedding consumer preferring and driving purchasing behavior. While automatic thinking can allow for fostering brand loyalty and making good decisions quickly, this reliance can also introduce biases. This review article aims to explore the psychological mechanisms underlying automatic consumer behavior, creating awareness in how marketing strategies can influence purchasing decisions.
Many office workers spend the majority of their workday seated, which may have adverse effects on their health. To address these concerns, a research study was conducted to assess the health benefits of standing versus sitting for office workers. The objectives of this study were to explore whether a standing desk intervention could address public health concerns associated with a sedentary lifestyle that is prevalent in the office work environment; a lifestyle that has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and musculoskeletal issues. Over a span of eight weeks, 20 office workers from the Houston area were recruited and assigned to either a controlled sitting desk group or an experimental standing desk group. Onesample t-tests were used to assess changes and differences in weight, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate, and musculoskeletal discomfort in both groups from week 0 to week 4, and again from week 0 to week 8. The data showed that while there was no significant difference between the two groups on all categories for week 0 and week 4, it did show there is a significant improvement on musculoskeletal discomfort for the group who stood more. A greater improvement in blood pressure was significant for the standing group from week 0 to week 8. This showed benefits of standing desks in terms of measurable objective health outcomes.
Groundnut holds a pivotal role in Indian agriculture, serving as a critical crop contributing to both the economic and nutritional sectors of the country. Timely harvesting of groundnut is a crucial phase in its cultivation, particularly during peak seasons, when labor shortages can lead to delays, resulting in significant yield losses. To mitigate labor constraints during peak harvesting periods and ensure timely operations, a conceptual model of a groundnut digger has been proposed. This digger is designed to uproot, collect, and transport groundnut plants, inverting them as it moves through the field. The groundnut digger consists of two primary units: a digging unit and a conveying unit. The digging unit is engineered to penetrate the soil to a precise depth, extracting the groundnut plants along with the attached pods to the surface. The conveying unit is responsible for lifting the plants and transporting them to a pod-inverting mechanism, which inverts the plant to reduce the risk of aflatoxin contamination in the pods due to excessive soil moisture.
Background: The amount of mental resources required to perform simultaneously a series tasks is considered as mental workload (MWL). High and Low mental workload in the workplace is usually associated with mental fatigue, decreased performance, human error, and even harmful long-term health effects. Among the various MWL assessment techniques, the outcome measures such as questionnaires are easier and more practical in workplace settings. We aimed to compare the three current commonly advocated and used questionnaires. Material and Methods: Three common different outcome measures for evaluation of the MWL are NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT), and the CarMen-Q workload questionnaire. Among them the NASA-TLX is well known and more popular with six subscales that are used extensively in industrial and official workplaces. SWAT is the simplest one with three dimensions. The NASA-TLX is preferable method because of its higher sensitivity, especially in low MWL conditions. The CarMen-Q questionnaire is a new questionnaire with 29 items and 4 subscales that focuses on cognitive workload and mental fatigue. Conclusion: SWAT is the simplest and less sensitive measure than the NASA-TLX and CarMen-Q questionnaires. In contrast, the NASA-TLX is widely used and more known instrument for MWL evaluation.
Purpose: Determine risk factor exposure and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms among blacksmiths in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, and environmental exposures to noise and particulate matter. Methods: 36 blacksmiths completed a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for MSD symptoms, frequently performed tasks were assessed for MSD risk factors using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and blacksmith work environments were monitored for noise and particulate matter. Results: Blacksmiths reported high prevalence for MSD symptoms in the past 12-months (neck 67%, wrists/hands 78%, lower back 86%, knees 67%, ankles/feet 86%). RULA indicated frequent tasks had moderate to high magnitudes of risk factor exposure. 8-hour time weighted noise exceeded OSHA thresholds, whereas particulate matter exceeded World Health Organization recommended levels. Conclusion: Blacksmith workers in Saudia Arabia are exposed to environmental hazards, risk factors for MSDs, and have elevated MSD symptom prevalences. Interventions are necessary to reduce exposures to musculoskeletal and environmental hazards.
Ergonomics and human factors (EHF) represent indispensable disciplines in ensuring individuals' efficiency, safety, and wellbeing within the complex systems of modern manufacturing. However, there exists a significant gap between traditional EHF practices and the evolving demands of sustainable manufacturing. This review synthesizes existing literature to explore the interface between EHF principles and sustainability objectives, encompassing ecological, economic, and social dimensions. Through an in-depth analysis of the historical evolution, theoretical frameworks, and practical applications of EHF, this review elucidates the critical role of EHF in promoting workplace well-being, organizational sustainability, and global competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0.
Physical ergonomics has shown to be an effective method of keeping an eye on any illnesses associated with, like, job-related tasks. Wearable sensors and artificial intelligence have been used in conjunction to enhance experimental ergonomic research techniques in the field of physical ergonomics, according to a number of recent studies. This study proposes the Smart Work wear System, a module-based ambulatory system that addresses work-related physical and psychosocial stresses that might impact health and performance. It supports risk assessment, technique training, and workplace design while reducing the requirement for expert trainers and ergonomists. Substituting measurements for observations improves measurement accuracy and repeatability. A modular platform allows for the connection of a variety of sensor types based on the individual requirements of each case.
Patient compliance is essential in creating optimal results in an Ergonomic Exercise Program. Unfortunately, there is little research into how to best achieve patient compliance. This narrative review explores the positive relationship between patient supervision and compliance in Home Exercise programs. This review also explores several types of supervision that are possible, (Patient Partnership, Experiential Learning, Written or Pictorial Communication, etc). Writing off poor results in a health care program as being due to patient noncompliance is an effort to deny personal responsibility for that failed program. Instead, the clinician should take personal responsibility in helping their patient achieve compliance
Through theoretical frameworks and applications of cognitive ergonomics, this article illustrates, with practical examples, the role of designing restaurants from the perspective of cognitive ergonomics concerning the process of perception and sensory stimuli. The goal is intended to promote well-being and differentiation in a saturated and competitive market by optimizing the interaction between patrons and their environments with a focus on perceived comfort and quality. This paper examines the application of selected universal principles of design and environmental psychology that affect how people might respond to spatial qualities and designs in the dining experience. Central to the integration of these concepts is designing for well-being which increases patron satisfaction and supports positive mental and emotional effects.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with ergonomics is revolutionizing workplace design and efficiency. AIdriven systems analyze human biomechanics and task repetition, providing data to optimize workspaces and minimize musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In manufacturing, AI-powered automation reduces physical strain and employs predictive analytics to preempt ergonomic issues. The IT sector benefits from AI-enhanced workstation optimization, especially in remote setups. Healthcare uses AI to refine equipment design and reduce strain through task automation. Construction leverages AI for hazard mitigation and efficient task scheduling. Challenges include high costs, limited expertise, cultural resistance, and infrastructure constraints. Overcoming these requires targeted incentives, education, and scalable solutions. Careful integration is crucial to address new ergonomic risks and ensure AI complements human roles, particularly in the Indian context.
