Architectural signage in educational hospital environments is often thought of in terms of identification, information and way finding. However, less attention has been paid to the collective visual condition that is generated when multiple signage elements interact with architectural surfaces and surrounding environmental elements. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the visual and architectural condition of signage in Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital (RSP Unhas) and RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo in Makassar, Indonesia. The research was carried out using a descriptive-interpretative qualitative method, through systematic field observation, photographic documentation, inventory of signs and cross-case comparison. The analysis was conducted on five dimensions; signage accumulation, visual hierarchy, façade legibility, architectural esthetics and institutional identity. The inventory identified four documented signage elements for RSP Unhas and five for RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. The findings suggest that visual accumulation or visual clutter is not a function of signage quantity alone. Visual condition is determined by concentration, distribution, repetition, scale, placement, visual prominence, architectural relationships, materiality, and surrounding environmental elements, not visual appearance. The institutional identity sign is a major visual element at the main entrances of both hospitals, however, the variations in placement and context of the environment create different relationships to vegetation, circulation areas, site infrastructure, and architectural elements. The study contributes a visual governance perspective that shifts the analysis from individual signage to collective visual organization in the architectural environment. The findings suggest planning of signage should be combined with architecture, landscape, circulation and institutional identity.
Metro rail transit systems (i.e., urban and light rail) have impacts on the mitigation of congestion and sustainable development of urban traffic systems and its advantages in terms of speed, land occupation, and low emissions. There are many events where the current traffic lane is impacted by construction due to the metro rail project. Traffic flow operations on metropolitan roads are significantly impacted by work zones. Long-term work zones result in a number of traffic difficulties, including reduced capacity, increased delay, lower space mean speed, increased congestion, decreased LOS, and environmental problems, including noise pollution and deteriorating air quality, because they restrict the available lane width. The primary job-related work zone is designed for highway conditions, however the impacts of heterogeneous traffic in an urban area are highly varied. It also investigates the travel delay of roads during and after construction effects. The study indicates the reduction of delay observed after the construction.
Driven by the imbalance between nutrient discharge and availability of natural resources, there is a growing need for sustainable strategies for managing wastewater. Nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater through struvite crystallization presents one such efficient and circular technology for recovering nutrients and producing fertilizer. A blade-agitated reactor was designed and operated to investigate the effects of various magnesium sources and operating parameters on struvite crystallization. Results show that maintaining alkaline conditions and adding magnesium to wastewater enhance nutrient recovery. Struvite crystallization using magnesium carbonate was found to be most efficient in the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen. Additionally, wastewater treated through struvite crystallization exhibited a substantial reduction in nutrient concentrations. Struvite was found to have the same efficacy as chemical fertilizers in promoting the growth of crops when used on finger millet. This nutrient recovery and fertilizer production technology presents an advantage in the circular use of wastewater resources. Therefore, struvite crystallization is a promising technology that can be integrated into wastewater treatment plants as a means of recovering nutrients from domestic wastewater. Furthermore, struvite crystallization is a low-energy technology that is sustainable and has the potential to be used on a large scale in circular systems integrating water, energy, and food production. Under the optimum condition identified (magnesium carbonate at 5.0 g/L, 200 rpm, 20 min of reaction and 20-30 min of settling at the native wastewater pH of 8.9), removal efficiencies of 83.3% for phosphate, 81.8% for nitrogen, 88.4% for turbidity and 89.5% for biochemical oxygen demand were obtained, against phosphate removals of 50.0% and 33.3% for magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate respectively. One-way analysis of variance on day-17 shoot height of finger millet confirmed a significant treatment effect (F(4,5) = 35.08, p = 0.00075, eta-squared = 0.97), and Tukey HSD grouping placed the magnesium-carbonate product in the same statistical group as urea and significantly above the unfertilised control, corresponding to a relative agronomic effectiveness of 76% of urea. A closing mass balance establishes that the recovered material is a struvite-bearing composite rather than a pure phase, and a preliminary techno-economic and energy screening identifies the magnesium dose, not the reactor, as the controlling barrier to full-scale adoption. The contribution of this work is therefore the coupling of reactor-scale magnesium-source optimisation with verified fertilizer valorisation and a transparent mass and cost balance for a single, unamended domestic sewage.
This research paper presents the conceptual design, development and performance evaluation of a compact fugitive vehicular dust collector to control and mitigate air pollution resulting from increased particulate matter on roadways. The developed dust collector is designed to work with two-wheeler automobiles, having a length 0.3 m, 0.15 m in diameter, and weight 2Kg, was experimentally tested on the gravel, asphalt, and concrete road at different speed of the vehicle. Results show distinguished dust collection efficiencies of 67.29% for gravel road, 65.65% for asphalt road, and 33.26% for concrete road, with dust collection increasing proportionally with speed of vehicle and maximum dust collection of 480 g at 80 km/h. The aerodynamic study verifies that dust jet length and mudguard dust area circumference expand as speed increases. The dust angle of attack increases from 220 at 20 km/h to 300 at 80 km/h, representing the direct relationship between speed of vehicle and dust dispersion pattern. The mathematical models were developed for gravel, asphalt and concrete road, reaching high correlations (R² > 98%), and machine learning approaches (Random Forest and XGBoost) further validated the accuracy of dust collection predictions. Relative assessment shows that gravel roads produce the more capturable dust, nearly 3% more than asphalt road and 35% more than concrete road. The dust collector is user-friendly, cost-effective (Rs. 7500 per unit, 83.94USD), and required very less maintenances with easy dust disposal. the mobile dust collector reduces fugitative particulate matter and minimises dust air pollution and provides a practical and scalable way to improve air quality, environmental sustainability and community health.
Distillery Spent Wash (DSW) is a highly contaminated wastewater that is difficult to treat because it contains dissolved salts, organic materials, and melanoidins. This study assesses the effectiveness of Electrocoagulation (EC) and Aerated Electrocoagulation (AEC) using Iron-Iron (Fe-Fe) punched and mesh electrodes for the treatment of DSW. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to improve operational parameters such as Electrolysis Time (ET) (30–120 min), Voltage (V) (10-30 V), Electrode Distance (ED) (1.5-2.5 cm), and Agitation Speed (AS) (300–900 rpm). The findings showed 70–91% color removal, 60–91% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction, and 50–89% Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) removal. Because of improved oxidation and flocculation processes, AEC showed greater treatment efficiency than EC. Among the electrode configurations, Fe–Fe mesh electrodes under AEC conditions showed the highest removal performance. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed surface roughening and oxide–hydroxide layer formation on the electrodes after treatment, while Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed increased oxygen content and adsorption of spentwash-derived ions. Economic analysis indicated that both EC and AEC are cost-effective, with operating costs of ₹54.46/m³ and ₹54.48/m³, respectively. Overall, the study confirms that EC and AEC using Fe–Fe electrodes are efficient and economical treatment methods for DSW.
