Resilience in urban tourism is often framed as a technical capacity or organisational attribute; however, this five-year longitudinal qualitative study of tourism governance in an emerging-economy urban context reconceptualises it as a contested terrain - a fragile accomplishment forged at moments when governance trembles. Drawing on semi-structured in-depth interviews with government and industry actors in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the paper demonstrates how resilience emerges not as a state of equilibrium but as a provisional and uneven outcome shaped by multi-scalar disruptions, institutional asymmetries, and politically mediated negotiations. Governance actors navigated cascading shocks by improvising, recalibrating mandates, and negotiating competing imperatives, thereby exposing the limitations of universalist and capability-driven models of resilience. The study contributes a critical, processual understanding of resilience, attentive to power, temporality, and institutional complexity in tourism crisis governance. It further demonstrates how longitudinal, interpretive inquiry illuminates evolving meanings, relational tensions, and bounded adaptive capacities through which governance actors make sense of uncertainty and sustain fragile forms of coherence.
As South Korea's inbound tourism market expands, international visitors' expenditure has become an increasingly important contributor to destination-level economic performance. However, much of the existing literature explains tourist spending through single-motive perspectives or net-effect, linear models, leaving limited room to capture how multiple motives co-occur and jointly shape outcomes. Using 2024 Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) data, this study applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify configurational 'recipes' of travel motivations associated with both high spending and high satisfaction. The results indicate that high expenditure is most commonly linked to urban consumption bundles (e.g. K-pop-related experiences, shopping, and health services), whereas satisfaction is more strongly associated with cultural engagement and experiential value, including cultural immersion, culinary experiences, shopping, and cosmetic/medical services. Cross-outcome comparisons further show that motivation bundles may operate in complementary and substitutive ways across the two outcomes, highlighting the causal complexity of tourist motivation. Theoretically, the study enriches motivation research by introducing a configurational lens, extends the expectation-perception discrepancy logic to accommodate dual outcomes (economic spending and experiential satisfaction), and clarifies how different motivational pathways contribute unequally to economic versus experiential goals. Practically, it offers evidence to support Korea-specific destination marketing and more targeted promotion strategies.
This study examines how persuasive sustainability messaging translates into environmental stewardship within floating market destinations by integrating the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and the Norm Activation Model (NAM). Using survey data from visitors to Thai floating markets, we applied PLS-SEM to test probabilistic sufficiency, Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), and a combined importance-performance map analysis (cIPMA). Central-route cues, such as argument quality and information relevance, and selected peripheral cues, including, visual appeal, emotional appeal, and social proof significantly shaped awareness of consequences. Environmental stewardship behaviour was driven by argument quality, information relevance, source credibility, and social proof. The NAM sequence was strongly supported. Personal norms further emerged as a necessary condition for stewardship. NCA revealed necessity for awareness of consequences in argument quality, cognitive engagement, information relevance, visual appeal, emotional appeal, and social proof. For environmental stewardship behaviour, necessity held for argument quality, information relevance, need for cognition, visual and emotional appeal, social proof, and personal norms. cIPMA identified the largest necessity shortfalls in information relevance, visual appeal, and argument quality. Findings refine persuasion theory by positioning visual and emotional design as threshold enablers and reaffirm NAM's sequential logic, offering practical and marketing guidance for destination managers.
While authenticity is central to tourism experiences, the emergence of extended reality (XR) is reshaping how authenticity is produced, perceived, and enacted. This study synthesises how authenticity is conceptualised and operationalised in XR-enabled tourism and assesses the feasibility and applicability of different authenticity perspectives across XR environments. Drawing on 63 studies identified through systematic searches, it combines bibliometric mapping with content analysis to provide a comprehensive synthesis of XR tourism research on authenticity. Findings show a dominant emphasis on virtual reality contexts, demand-side perspectives, and subjective authenticity interpretations. Examination of adoption rationales underscores authentic XR applications' potential to support sustainable tourism practices beyond prevailing market-oriented outcomes and demand stimulation. Recognising the interdependence between XR affordances and authenticity, the review puts together an integrative conceptual framework in which authenticity perceptions constitute the psychological mechanism linking XR affordances to downstream cognitive-affective and behavioural responses. It also proposes a typology-informed framework for interpreting authenticity in XR environments, addressing conceptual fragmentation and clarifying key nuances. Finally, the review offers a working definition of authentic XR tourism, identifies three priority research directions, and outlines theoretical and practical implications for scholars and practitioners.
Against the growing global demand for market-oriented tourism professionals, Case-based Action Learning (CAL) has become an innovative teaching paradigm for cultivating applied talents in the undergraduate Tourism Marketing Course, with unique practical advantages. This study systematically elaborates on CAL's theoretical basis and rigorously evaluates its implementation effectiveness by comparing it with traditional teaching methods in relevant courses of Chinese higher education. After clarifying the specific application framework of CAL in the Tourism Marketing Course and comprehensively assessing its learning outcomes, it further analyzes the teaching method's theoretical contributions and practical values, clarifies its limitations, and proposes feasible future research directions. Empirical results show that CAL not only significantly improves students' practical problem-solving abilities and collaborative literacy, but also deepens the effectiveness of university-enterprise cooperation, promotes the output of discipline competition achievements, and facilitates the formation of high-quality academic achievements, ultimately constructing a complete closed-loop teaching system of 'theoretical construction - practical verification - industrial transformation'. By constructing an open classroom model, the evidence-based teaching plan formed in this study provides a replicable template for educators, and offers important reference for the innovation of undergraduate teaching methods and the improvement of teaching quality in the tourism management major.
This study introduces inner tourism marketing as a mechanism-based framework that repositions marketing from influencing behaviour to enabling inner-oriented tourism experiences. Drawing on tourism and marketing literature, the study integrates established constructs, authenticity, storytelling, and trust-intimacy, into a structured process model explaining how experiences facilitate reflection, meaning-making, and transformation. The framework specifies a sequential chain of mediators (psychological safety, narrative resonance, intentional stillness, and guided self-reflection) and context-sensitive moderators (inner readiness, cultural fit, and technological mediation), making the model analytically explicit and empirically testable. The study contributes by (1) extending tourism marketing toward inner experience enablement, (2) opening the 'black box' of transformative experience through a mechanism-based architecture, and (3) functionally reorienting marketing design as an integrated system of experiential conditions. Practically, inner tourism marketing offers guidance for designing tourism experiences that foster deeper engagement, well-being, and sustainable behavioural change.
The tourism industry has experienced consistent growth and has increasingly contributed to global and regional value creation. Health tourism is one of the most significant developments, having experienced a resurgence at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In recent years, a distinct trend has emerged, especially since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic: travellers prioritising an active, healthy lifestyle and seeking health-oriented holidays with an active focus. This demand is driven by inactivity, work-related stress and limited contact with nature, as well as by increased leisure time, rising health awareness and a greater willingness to invest in well-being. Given that trends influence today's consumers, it is valid to question whether the past definitions take changes in demand and consumer behaviour fully into account. To address this gap, we propose to reconceptualise health tourism for consumers of active lifestyles within the continuum of medical and wellness tourism, and to develop a conceptual framework that captures the new trend by implementing its core elements. This framework would provide a basis for understanding the trend 'active lifestyle health tourism' and its implications for demand and supply by conceptualising the target group. It would also support future empirical research.
