Hydropeaking refers to short-duration and high-frequency fluctuations in river discharge that are caused by the operation of hydroelectric power plants. The impacts of hydropeaking can be overlooked when environmental or ecological flow (“eco-flow”) assessments rely on long-term flow characteristics and lower-resolution hydrological observations. This study evaluated how hydrological eco-flow methods and temporal resolution influence whether critical eco-flow thresholds are achieved under hydropeaking conditions. The Tennant, Flow Duration Curve (FDC), and Minimum Monthly Flow (MMF) methods were applied to estimate eco-flow thresholds in three hydropeaking rivers in the Xiangjiang River Basin, China, using historical discharge records. High-frequency discharge data from 2023 were then used to characterise hydropeaking and calculate Guaranteed Rates (GRs), defined as the proportion of time that discharge met or exceeded the derived thresholds. The results showed pronounced differences in short-term flow variability between control and hydropeaking-influenced reaches, with substantially higher peak frequencies at hydropeaking sites. Eco-flow thresholds also varied among the three methods, with the MMF method generally producing higher thresholds than the Tennant Method. Guaranteed Rate estimates varied substantially among temporal resolutions at hydropeaking-influenced reaches. For example, at XH1, immediately downstream of the Centianhe Hydropower Dam, the Tennant-based Guaranteed Rate was 52.74
Previous studies regarding Low Impact Development (LID) practices used physical and hydraulic soil layer properties recommended by the literature for temperate climates in tropical climate locations; however, the effect of these properties on LID practices behaviour has still been unexplored. The study’s objective was to determine by modelling the effect of adopting LID practices soil layer properties according to recommendations for temperate climate in relation to those of two tropical soils determined in laboratory, and to evaluate a practical and low-cost way to obtain such properties, by using a pedotransfer function. The values of the soil’s physical and hydraulic properties influenced the hydrological response of LID practices. The adoption of values recommended by the literature should be carefully evaluated, since these may lead to significantly different results in relation to those that would be obtained considering the soils of the implementation area, especially those located in a different climate zone, such as tropical zone. LID practices that have drainage layer connected to an overflow, such as the bioretention cell, may compromise the detention and infiltration of the runoff, even in soils that have physical and hydraulic properties that would provide greater infiltration.
In the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region of northeastern Italy, declining groundwater levels and changing precipitation patterns have raised concerns about the long-term sustainability of groundwater resources. This study evaluates the potential of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in the upper Friuli Plain, with a focus on the Sammardenchia site. Surface water and groundwater quality in the study area were characterized through the analysis of inorganic and organic compounds, as well as microbiological indicators. A three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the regional and local site-specific hydrogeological conditions. MAR performance was assessed under different recharge scenarios, including an infiltration pond, a recharge well, and a combined pond-well recharge, based on the existing recharge structures at the site. In addition, solute transport simulations were conducted to analyze the behaviour of faecal indicator bacteria (E. coli), detected in the surface water to be used for MAR. The simulation results show that recharge through both the infiltration pond and the well increased the groundwater levels near the MAR site, with the combined recharge scenario producing the highest simulated rise in groundwater levels ( 2.68 m) and storage. Microbial transport simulations showed substantial attenuation of E. coli during subsurface transport, particularly under the pond-recharge scenario (> 4 log) due to longer residence times. Overall, the modelling results indicate that MAR can effectively contribute to groundwater storage enhancement and attenuation of microbial contamination in the study area. Combined pond−well recharge shows the greatest potential to increase groundwater storage. Longer travel times help reduce simulated E. coli concentrations in groundwater. Different recharge configurations offer distinct benefits, depending on groundwater management objectives.
In order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal-6 (SDG-6), schools must have access to clean drinking water. In 25 government and private schools located in both urban and rural parts of Kurukshetra district in Haryana, India, this study evaluated seasonal changes in the physicochemical and microbiological drinking water quality from the source to the point-of-use (POU) between 2021 and 2022. Increased levels of total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, and nitrate were observed during the post-monsoon season.When compared with applicable World Health Organization (WHO 2017) guideline/reference values, most assessed physicochemical parameters remained within the corresponding values. WQI classifications were distributed mainly across the good, poor, and very poor categories, with no samples classified as unsuitable for drinking. Total coliform concentrations showed source-to-POU variation, while no faecal coliforms were detected in any source or POU samples during 2021–2022. The results highlight the necessity of better management and routine monitoring of school drinking water systems. These findings are relevant to the objectives of India’s Jal Jeevan Mission, particularly its focus on ensuring safe and adequate drinking water in rural public institutions, including schools. Seasonal changes affected drinking-water quality across school sources and POU locations. Total coliforms varied between source and POU, while faecal coliforms remained undetected. Regular monitoring, storage hygiene, and system maintenance are recommended for schools.
Compound temperature–precipitation extremes concurrent anomalies in both temperature and precipitation generate disproportionately severe impacts on agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems compared to individual climate extremes. Despite the designation of the Eastern Mediterranean as a primary climate change hotspot, few studies have characterised compound temperature–precipitation extreme trends across Türkiye using a comprehensive national station network spanning six decades. This study analyses four compound event types — Dry/Warm (P < P₁₀, T > T₉₀), Wet/Warm (P > P₉₀, T > T₉₀), Cold/Wet (T < T₁₀, P > P₉₀), and Cold/Dry (T < T₁₀, P < P₁₀) — across 190 meteorological stations in Türkiye over 1965–2025, using percentile thresholds calibrated to the 1965–1994 reference period. Non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend tests, Sen’s slope estimators, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and IDW spatial interpolation were applied at annual, seasonal, monthly, and regional scales. Mean annual temperature increased at + 0.353 °C per decade over the study period (p < 0.001), with the recent sub-period (1995–2025) averaging + 1.1 °C above the reference period mean. Dry/Warm spatial extent increased significantly at + 1.189
