In this article, the needle plate corona discharge plasma water treatment device is used to treat nicosulfuron in water. In this article, the effects of treatment duration, discharge gap, discharge voltage, initial pH and concentration of persulfate in the synergistic system on the degradation rate of nicosulfuron in the corona discharge system and corona discharge synergistic persulfate system were investigated, and the reaction kinetics were also analyzed. The research found that the use of plasma technology alone had a certain degradation effect on nicosulfuron in water. However, when combined with persulfate to form a synergistic system, the degradation rate of nicosulfuron could be significantly enhanced. And finally, the degradation pathway of nicosulfuron was inferred by using Fukui function and Mulliken Buju analysis.
This study investigates thyroid toxicity mechanisms of combined tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) exposure using integrative network toxicology and molecular docking. We identified shared targets between thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, etc.) and TBBPA/TCBPA exposure. Protein-protein interaction network analysis prioritized core targets (TP53, AKT1, IL6, EGFR) with high centrality. Functional enrichment revealed significant associations with thyroid hormone signaling, PI3K-Akt, and cancer pathways, involving transcriptional regulation, xenobiotic response, and proliferation. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinities of TBBPA/TCBPA to key targets via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Shared core targets and pathways across distinct thyroid disorders suggest interconnected molecular mechanisms. Our findings propose that TBBPA/TCBPA co-exposure may disrupt thyroid homeostasis by modulating apoptosis, inflammation, and hormone signaling, while revealing latent disease correlations. This work provides insights into the environmental etiology of thyroid disorders and a framework for assessing combined toxicant effects.
This study assessed surface water and sediment physicochemistry, quantified Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, and Ni, and evaluated snail distribution and metal bioaccumulation along the Alaro River, Southwest Nigeria. Samples were collected and analysed at three stations using standard methods to provide an integrated view of contamination and bioavailability in a river impacted by urban and industrial activities. The mean surface water metals values (mg/L) were Cd (0.03 +/- 0.05), Pb (0.17 +/- 0.12), and Ni (0.06 +/- 0.05) (all > WHO limits); while electric conductivity (EC) ranged from 389 to 1592 mu S/cm. Sediment had the highest concentrations of metals (mg/kg), Pb (17.67 +/- 23.69) > Ni (9.29 +/- 13.88) > Cd (6.06 +/- 11.25), confirming it as a metal sink. Seasonally, pH, EC, phosphate, nitrate, and chloride were significantly higher in the dry season (p < 0.05), whereas sulphate, Cd, Pb, and Ni peaked in the wet season (p < 0.0001). A total of 1,114 freshwater snails (11 species) were recorded, including Melanoides tuberculata and snails of public health concern such as Bulinus globosus and Lymnaea natalensis. Metals were significantly higher in viscera than shells (p < 0.05), indicating consumer risk and the need for stricter waste regulatory enforcement and public health interventions in River Alaro.
Paleoclimate reconstruction is crucial in understanding long-term climate variability. Ice core records are valuable proxies for reconstructing past climate changes and provide an enhanced comprehension of long-term climate trends. However, forecasting future climate variables using ice core data remains challenging due to non-linearity, missing values, and uncertainty of paleoclimatic signals. This study proposes a hybrid AI and Physics-Informed deep learning model to improve paleoclimate reconstruction from oxygen-18 isotopes (delta 18O) in ice core data. The study employs the Dome Fuji-338KYr Wet Extraction CO2 dataset, Empirical Mode Decomposition and Wavelet Transform are used for feature extraction, isolating critical climate signals. The extracted features are input into three parallel models, PINN, TFT, and BNN, which predict delta 18O individually. The predictions are then combined through performance-based weighted averaging. Finally, the Dansgaard relationship is used to reconstruct the temperature of the past. The proposed models exhibit better performance in paleoclimate forecasting than other methods, with lower error rates of 0.0995 RMSE and 0.0099 MSE. The weighted average approach combines model predictions, ensuring accurate forecasts and reliable temperature reconstruction over 10 kyr.
Pomacea canaliculata is one of the most serious invasive species in the world. Especially, it does harm to rice in agricultural production. Botanical pesticides have attracted much attention due to their advantages of environmentally friendly. Fructus Psoraleae (Psoralea corylifolia L.) has not previously been studied for molluscicidal activity against P. canaliculata. This study investigates FP's molluscicidal activity, active components, and mechanisms. In this study, the molluscicidal activity tests showed that FP extract exhibits strong toxicity against P. canaliculata. Nine compounds were isolated and identified from the FP extract. Among them, Bavachin showed good toxic activity against P. canaliculata. The LC50 of P. canaliculata treated with Bavachin for 72 h was 30.91 mg/L. After treating P. canaliculata with 30 mg/L of Bavachin for 48 h, the structure of the liver and kidney was damaged. Proteomic analysis identified 69 differentially expressed proteins, primarily linked to metabolism, including enzymes such as CYP450, 11 beta-HSD1 and lipase. Among them, the expression of detoxification related enzymes such as cytochrome P450s and GSTs was up-regulated, while the expression of ABC transporters was down-regulated. Findings suggest Bavachin disrupts lipid metabolism and detoxification pathways, likely causing P. canaliculata mortality. This study provides a theoretical foundation for FP's use as a botanical molluscicide.
The catalytic rate of paraoxon (i.e. O, O-diethyl- O-p-nitrophenyl phosphate) hydrolysis was measured kinetically with UV-visible spectrophotometric method using acetohydroxamate (AHA-) and decanohydroxamate ions (DHA-) as detoxifying agents. Toxicity reducing of paraoxon is devoted to the basis of nucleophilic reactivity of hydroxamate ions toward the electrophilic center of P=O bond of paraoxon in both aqueous and micellar mediums. The experimental results indicate that the DHA-micelle bind system exhibited relatively high (k2 approximate to 1.30-fold) and excellent catalytic function in paraoxon hydrolysis compared to the AHA-micelle system. The significant micellar interaction of DHA has been observed with cetyltrimethylammonium brome (CTAB) micelles and shown greater micellar catalysis (k2m/k2w) with the factor approximate to 839 than 240 for AHA, respectively. The pseudo-phase model (PPM) was employed in order to determine micellar second order rate constant and binding constant in this work. As a consequence, the effect of different types of alkanes on micellization behavior i.e. critical micelle concentration (CMC) of cationic surfactants, i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium ammonium bromide was investigated using Systronics direct reading conductivity meter at 300 K in aqueous system. The outcome of results shows that the micellization of surfactant decreases with influence of long-chain alkane compared to short-chain alkane.
This study integrated computational and experimental approaches to understand the sequestration dynamics of metal contaminants in Perna viridis mussels treated with sodium gluconate and an alumina-doped carbonated calcium oxide catalyst. Samples collected from Kampung Pasir Putih, Johor, Malaysia were analyzed for cadmium and arsenic using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy instrument. Calibration curves exhibited strong linearity (R-2 > 0.995), with validated accuracy and precision, showing recoveries >80% and intra- and inter-day variations <10%. Untreated Perna viridis contained 3.13 +/- 0.06 mg/kg of As and 0.201 +/- 0.002 mg/kg of cadmium. Density Functional Theory analysis revealed that As was more reactive and less stable than cadmium, with a lower energy gap and higher binding energy. Sodium gluconate trihydrate, used as a chelating agent, and the synthesized catalyst were optimized under various conditions to maximize metal sequestration. Molecular docking showed a strong interaction between gluconate and metallothionein (binding affinity of -3.44 kcal/mol), and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the high stability of the gluconate-metallothionein complex. The experimental findings validated the computational models, demonstrating the effective sequestration of arsenic and cadmium from Perna viridis mussels, providing insights into the dynamics of metal contaminants sequestration.
In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from sugarcane bagasse (AgNPs(BCA)) and those coated with polyethyleneimine (AgNPs(BCA-PEI)) in three freshwater invertebrates: Daphnia magna, Cypricercus centrura, and Palaemon pandaliformis. AgNPs(BCA-PEI) exhibited up to similar to 100x greater toxicity than AgNPs(BCA) (LC50: 5-105 mu g/L vs. 2,240-13,070 mu g/L in C. centrura), with D. magna showing the highest sensitivity (LC50: 0.28-0.71 mu g/L). In P. pandaliformis, AgNP exposure reduced oxygen consumption (-67.7% for AgNPs(BCA); -72.4% for AgNPs(BCA-PEI)) and ammonia excretion (-68.3 to -90.1%), likely linked to gill dysfunction and impaired ion regulation. All reductions were statistically significant (p < 0.05) relative to controls. These toxicity levels are markedly higher than those reported for biogenic and commercial AgNPs. The enhanced toxicity of AgNPs(BCA-PEI) is likely associated with the strong cationic surface charge imparted by PEI, which promotes electrostatic interactions with negatively charged cell membranes, increases cellular uptake, and may facilitate greater Ag+ release. Collectively, these results underscore the critical role of surface functionalization in shaping the ecotoxicological profiles of AgNPs and emphasize that even eco-friendly synthesis approaches must account for potential environmental risks associated with nanoparticle modifications.
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained considerable interest due to their unique physical and chemical properties and their potential applications in medicine, electronics, and environmental science. In this study, SeNPs were synthesized using ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) as a natural reducing agent. The nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These techniques confirmed that the SeNPs were spherical, crystalline, and stable, with sizes ranging from 1.98 to 3.04 nm. The antioxidant activity of the SeNPs was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay which showed 100% activity at a concentration of 100 mu g/mL. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using the bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein denaturation method, where 95% inhibition was observed at 50 mu g/mL. Acute toxicity was assessed using Artemia salina nauplii exposed to concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 mu g/mL. The mortality rate increased with higher concentrations, reaching 86.6% at 100 mu g/mL, with a calculated LC50 of 76.16 mu g/mL. At a lower concentration SeNPs showed minimal toxicity and oxidative stress, making them suitable for biomedical and environmental applications. Further studies are required to explore their long-term safety and efficacy across various systems.
Water efficiently is used in agricultural activities which is an important part of sustainable crop production, especially in regions which are facing water shortages and wide climate variability. Sensor based irrigation systems are an advancement technology which provide us timely information about the moisture content in the soil, the prevailing weather conditions and the crops water needs. In this paper, a sensor-enabled irrigation system implementation is being considered for water usage efficiency in agricultural setup. The chapter discusses water management in agriculture, emphasizing the need for novel technologies like remote sensors. It details sensor-driven irrigation systems, their deployment, and their importance in water conservation. The paper discusses the improvement in crop yields, reduced water wastage and environmental sustainability due to sensor-based irrigation. It reinforces the principle of education or training for farmers to intelligently manage them so that the associated advantages can be fully reached. Eventually, this paper is keen on offering comprehensive background information about sensor-based irrigation systems and their undeniable ability to upgrade agricultural water management, preserve water resources, and be incorporated in food security issues for the sake of changing in climate supporting.
With the enhanced proportion of elderly people worldwide, an increasingly number of men are affected by prostate defects. Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental endocrine disruptor and causes damage to prostate. Verbascoside (Verb), a kind of phenylpropanoid glycoside, which is isolated from many medicinal plants and widely used in China, Korea, et al. In this study, the effects of Verb on Cd-exposed prostate and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated in mice and human prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cell models. The whole results showed that Verb attenuated Cd-induced prostatic collagen deposition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and primary ciliogenesis. Additionally, Verb inhibited the enhancement of circ_0001359 level and the activation of TGF-beta 1 induced by Cd exposure. This study added new evidence for the application of Verb in improving prostate injuries caused by Cd. Additionally, it provided new insights for understanding its regulative functions on circRNA.
This study explores the synthesis of high-performance ZnO-based photocatalysts, focusing on the impact of synthesis methods on material properties and photocatalytic performance. The comparison of template-assisted and template-free synthesis methods were explored toward the fabrication of ZnO. Using a range of characterization techniques, including SEM, EDX, UV-vis DRS, XRD, and FTIR, we revealed that the template-assisted method produced 3D spherical wurtzite ZnO with some impurities, while the template-free method resulted in pure, 3D flower-like wurtzite ZnO. The key finding of this work is the enhanced photocatalytic activity of template-assisted ZnO, which exhibited 56.3% degradation efficiency of brilliant black dye in 210 min, significantly outperforming the template-free ZnO, which achieved 39.5% degradation under the same conditions. This highlights the potential of template-assisted synthesis in optimizing semiconductor photocatalysts. Additionally, the study advocates the use of non-edible plant leaf extracts in the fabrication of semiconductors, offering a green and sustainable approach to material synthesis. By establishing a comparative framework, this research provides valuable insights into designing more efficient green template photocatalysts for environmental and energy applications.
