Public tourism investment plays a strategic role in promoting territorial development, economic diversification, and cultural heritage conservation. However, traditional ex-post evaluation approaches often prioritize economic efficiency while overlooking social, environmental, and governance dimensions. This study systematically analyzes the methodologies, approaches, and limitations of ex-post evaluations of public tourism investments to identify methodological guidelines for sustainable local development in Huamachuco, Peru. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The review covered studies published between 2016 and 2026 and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Of the 135 initially identified records, 37 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The selected publications were examined through thematic coding and bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer to identify methodological trends, conceptual relationships, and research gaps. Approximately 70.6% of the reviewed studies emphasized governance, community participation, and territorial sustainability, whereas 29.4% focused primarily on economic evaluation. Traditional models, including Input-Output analysis and Tourism Satellite Accounts, provide quantitative estimates of economic impacts but frequently overlook environmental carrying capacity, cultural preservation, and equitable benefit distribution. Conversely, governance-oriented approaches emphasize participatory decision-making, institutional coordination, and adaptive management. Bibliometric analysis identifies sustainability as a central theme connecting economic, social, environmental, and governance dimensions. These findings highlight the need for hybrid, multidimensional evaluation frameworks that integrate economic performance with community participation, territorial governance, and sustainability indicators. Such frameworks could strengthen the assessment of public tourism investments and support equitable, resilient, and culturally appropriate local development in emerging Andean destinations such as Huamachuco.
This research evaluates the socioeconomic feasibility of expanding the aerial cable car system in Manizales and Villamaría, Colombia, through a Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBA). The assessment compares the three operational lines with a projected nine-line network, based on the Manizales Land Use Plan. The objective is to quantify and monetize impacts on CO2eq emissions, territorial accessibility, road safety, and public health benefits derived from induced active mobility. A quantitative evaluative approach was employed to compare baseline and projected scenarios using geospatial analysis (Kriging interpolation) and multimodal transport modeling in TransCAD. The baseline integrates the 2017 origin-destination matrix for 255 traffic analysis zones and georeferenced road crash records from 2020 to 2024. Station catchment areas were delineated using ten-minute walking isochrones. The WHO Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) was utilized to monetize health externalities, while road safety was assessed through a risk exposure model. The project yielded a positive Economic Net Present Value (ENPV) of 21951675.75 USD and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.41 over a 15-year horizon. The central appraisal adopts a 9% social discount rate. Public health benefits represent the most significant impact, accounting for 84.2% of the total social contribution and preventing an estimated 564 premature deaths through increased physical activity. The network expansion is socioeconomically viable, functioning as a transportation "Backbone" that mitigates territorial inequalities and reduces road fatalities by 32.1%. The future scenario also projects a 41.0% reduction in injuries, 5,865 tonnes of CO₂-equivalent emissions avoided annually (9.4%), and travel-time savings of up to 19% in the most benefited areas. It constitutes a robust strategy for urban decarbonization and public health promotion, justifying the allocation of public resources for sustainable infrastructure.
The hotel sector is characterized by an array of issues conducive to employee disengagement. These include problems of low wages, unstable shift working hours, unclear career structures, autocratic leadership style, long working hours, gender discrimination, tribal discrimination, stress, and burnout, among others. In a quest to explore and alleviate the above predicaments, the current study assessed the influence of perceived organisational support on work engagement, mediated by servant leadership. The interrelationships among servant leadership, perceived organisational support, and work engagement remain unexplored especially in Zimbabwe’s hospitality sector, limiting the development of contextually grounded models for improving employee performance and retention. Using a quantitative research approach, the study’s research objectives were to: (1) assess the effect of perceived organisational support on servant leadership, (2) determine the effect of servant leadership on work engagement, (3) examine the effect of perceived organisational support on work engagement, and (4) establish the mediating role of servant leadership on the relationship between perceived organisational support and work engagement. The study used a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data from 218 participants working in the hotel sector. Clustered sampling technique was applied. Findings revealed that perceived organisational support has a positive influence on work engagement. It was established that perceived organisational support necessitates work engagement. It was also confirmed that servant leadership enhances work engagement. Furthermore, it was attested that servant leadership positively mediates the relationship between perceived organisational support and work engagement. The study recommends that human resources managers implement policies and initiatives that demonstrate care for employee well-being and value their contributions.
This study aims to empirically examine the relationships among travel motivation (push and pull factors), tourist satisfaction, and destination loyalty within the context of the Indian Himalayan region. Grounded in motivation theory, the study proposes that internal (push) and external (pull) motivational dimensions significantly influence tourist behavior, which in turn enhances overall satisfaction and fosters destination loyalty. Primary data were collected from 403 domestic tourists using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 24) for preliminary analysis and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings reveal a significant and positive relationship between tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty, indicating that satisfied tourists are more likely to revisit and recommend the destination. Furthermore, both push and pull motivation factors were found to have a substantial impact on tourist satisfaction, confirming their critical role in shaping travel experiences. The results also validate the proposed model by demonstrating statistically significant linkages among the key constructs, thereby contributing to the existing body of knowledge on tourism behavior. From a practical perspective, the study highlights the importance of designing destination attributes that align with tourists’ intrinsic motivations and expectations. Destination planners and tourism managers are encouraged to enhance the uniqueness, attractiveness, and experiential value of destinations to strengthen tourist satisfaction and loyalty. The study offers valuable insights for sustainable tourism development and strategic destination management in mountain regions.
In the modern tourism landscape, green service value and corporate social responsibility (CSR) have evolved from optional ethical choices to fundamental drivers of business sustainability and competitive advantage. The advancement of these indicators within the tourist destinations can significantly influence not only public trust but also intention to visit the destinations. This research investigates tourists’ visit intention in Angkor Archaeological Park in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, by examining its associations with green service value and trust, along with CSR as the moderator. 500 data were gathered from both local and international tourists at four different international airports of Cambodia. These data were analyzed by using a Path Analysis Method. Results revealed that green service value influenced trust and visit intention, while trust influenced visit intention. These statistics indicated that when tourists perceived more benefit from consuming green services around the Angkor Archaeological Park, they not only trusted but also wanted to visit the Angkor Archaeological Park. Furthermore, the advancement of their trust further promoted higher intention to visit the Angkor Archaeological Park. Meanwhile, CSR moderated the links between green service value and visit intention and between trust and visit intention. These moderating outcomes underscored that the more practices of CSR significantly advanced the impacts of green service value and trust on tourists’ intention to visit the Angkor Archaeological Park. This research underlined the significant r oles of green service value and CSR in promoting tourists’ visit intention in Angkor Archaeological Park, located in Siem Reap Province of Cambodia. These outcomes suggest that the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism must focus on advancing green service values and CSR campaigns among local entrepreneurs. Strengthening these indicators in Siem Reap Province will help maintain sustainable tourist visit rates for the Angkor Archaeological Park.
