Based on transfer matrix theory and the multipartite nonlocality spectrum {∣λ i ∣}, we systematically investigate ground-state nonlocal correlations across three canonical infinite, translationinvariant one-dimensional spin models, including the XXZ model, the three-body coupled Cluster- Ising model, and the Kitaev ladder model, which cover both conventional and topological quantum phase transitions (QPTs). We show that the emergence of multipartite nonlocal correlations can be quantitatively determined via the leading eigenvalue criterion ∣λ 1 ∣ > 1, offering a concise and reliable indicator for diagnosing nonlocal quantum features. Further numerical comparisons reveal that the leading eigenvalue ∣λ 1 ∣ is strongly model-dependent and lacks universal applicability for identifying quantum critical behaviors across different QPT types. In contrast, the nonlocality spectral gap Δ∣λ∣ = ∣λ 1 ∣ – ∣λ 2 ∣ exhibits prominent robustness against variations in system symmetry, coupling strength, and intrinsic transition mechanisms. It characterizes quantum criticality through three distinct response modes, thereby enabling a unified description of both conventional and topological QPTs. This work establishes the nonlocality spectrum as a versatile and powerful framework for the joint characterization of multipartite nonlocality and quantum criticality in one-dimensional many-body quantum systems.
Carbon monoxide (CO) emission during the cold-start period remains a major bottleneck for automotive aftertreatment systems. Herein, we report the rational design of Fe 3 O 4 /CeO 2 /Pt ternary heterostructures, integrating magnetic induction heating with efficient low-temperature CO oxidation. In this ternary heterostructures, Fe 3 O 4 is successfully encapsulated by a CeO 2 shell and the uniform distribution of Pt nanoparticles. Interfacial engineering induces a mixed Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ valence state, generating abundant oxygen vacancies and promoting electron transfer to Pt, thereby creating electron-deficient Pt sites and enhanced ferromagnetic coupling. Magnetic measurements reveal that Fe 3 O 4 /CeO 2 /Pt exhibits a high saturation magnetization (117.49 emu g -1 ) and a robust hysteresis loop, enabling efficient magnetothermal conversion under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Consequently, Fe 3 O 4 /CeO 2 /Pt achieves complete CO conversion at 105 °C under AMF heating, with T 50 and T 90 values of 92.9 and 100.0 °C, significantly outperforming Fe 3 O 4 /Pt and reducing the lightoff temperature by 42.0 °C compared to conventional heating. In contrast, non-magnetic CeO 2 /Pt fails to generate heat under AMF. This work demonstrates that the Fe 3 O 4 /CeO 2 /Pt heterostructure leverages interfacial oxygen vacancies and magnetic hyperthermia to overcome the cold-start challenge, offering a promising strategy for rapid, energy-efficient catalytic emission control.
Al-Sn-Si self-lubricating bearing liners for engines suffer severe corrosion from Cl - infiltration under complex working environments. Most prior studies only conduct macroscopic tests at fixed Cl - concentrations, without atomic-scale insight into concentration-corrosion mechanisms of Sn/Si-doped Al-Sn alloys. This paper integrates DFT first-principles simulations and multi-scale experiments to investigate the anticorrosion behavior of single/co-doped Sn-Si Al matrix and Al/Al 2 Cu interfaces under variable Cl - contents. Surface energy calculations screen high-activity Al(210) and Al2Cu(111) planes, and stable Al(111)/Al2Cu(100) interfaces are built for doping and Cl - adsorption simulations. Doping dissolution energy confirms Sn possesses higher thermodynamic stability: Sn generates compact SnO 2 passivation film to capture Cl - , while porous amorphous SiO 2 from Si creates Cl - diffusion paths and aggravates substrate corrosion. Adsorption energy reveals Sn effectively immobilizes Cl - at low coverage; at high Cl - loading, Sn’s electron transfer saturates and Si competes for active sites, destroying the protective film. Electrochemical tests in 1%, 2%, 3% NaCl show the alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance in 1% NaCl (minimum I icorr =2.7×10 -4 A/cm 2 , maximum charge transfer resistance). At 3% NaCl, corrosion rate rises by one order of magnitude to 10.9 mm/a due to Cl - breakthrough of passivation film and surface delamination. SEM, TEM, EDS verify rod-shaped incoherent Al 2 Cu precipitates, spherical Si phases as pitting origins, and passivation films composed of Al 2 O 3 and SnO 2 . Combined calculations and experiments determine the alloy’s Cl - tolerance limit of 2% – 3% NaCl, offering theoretical support for developing highcorrosion- resistant self-lubricating Al-Sn-Si bearing alloys.
Perovskite-structured metal hydrides exhibit excellent stability and good superconductivity at ambient-pressure, making them excellent candidate materials for solving the high stability pressure of hydrogen-rich superconductors. This article uses face centered cubic rare earth metals (M=Sc, Y, La) as the metal skeleton, and inserts a hydrogen atom into the octahedral interstices of the metal skeleton to form a perovskitestructured binary rare earth metal hydride M 4 H (M=Sc, Y, La). The computational structure indicates that in the M 4 H (M=Sc, Y, La) system, multiple energy bands pass through the Fermi surface. The electron density of states near the Fermi surface is mainly contributed by the d orbitals of metal atoms, with a small proportion of H atoms. The analysis of superconductivity indicates that in the M 4 H (M=Sc, Y, La) system, electron-phonon coupling mainly comes from the coupling between low-frequency metal atomic vibrations and electrons of metal atoms near the Fermi surface. The contribution of H atoms to electron-phonon coupling is minimal. Among them, La4H has the largest electron-phonon coupling constant, with a superconducting temperature of 6.07K.
This work is based on finding dual-mode solitary wave solutions of the dual-mode Chaffee-Infante equation which is a significant model in reaction-diffusion systems and nonlinear dynamics. This model addresses important physical properties such as phase velocity, dispersion, and nonlinearity. A range of solutions, including periodic, singular soliton, bright soliton, and dark soliton, are obtained by the implementation of two reliable and efficient approaches namely: the modified F-expansion method and [Formula: see text] - expansion approach. Two- and three-dimensional graphs are presented for illustrating the behavior of the obtained solutions. The modulation instability analysis confirmed that the governing model is stable under small perturbations. Moreover, the dynamical behavior of the model has been investigated using sensitivity analysis and bifurcation analysis.
Using first-principles calculations and experimental characterizations, we investigate the effects of Al, P, and Ga doping on oxygen adsorption, interfacial bonding, microstructure, and oxidation resistance of SnCu0.7 alloy. Results show that Al and P exhibit stronger adsorption on the Sn(100) surface and form dense oxide layers, while Ga shows weak adsorption and tends to generate loose oxides. Al–P–Ga co-doping optimizes the surface electronic structure and interfacial bonding via synergistic effects, significantly improving the oxidation resistance and structural stability. Calculations reveal the intrinsic relationship among adsorption energy, charge transfer, and interfacial adhesion work, clarifying the condensed matter physical mechanism of doping-modulated alloy properties, providing a theoretical basis for physical modification of Sn-based lead-free solders.Compared with previously reported single-element (Al, P, Ga) and dual-element (Ga–P) modifications, the Al–P–Ga ternary system exhibits superior high-temperature oxidation resistance (stable up to 800 °C) and balanced wettability (contact angle 110.7°), demonstrating a genuine synergistic effect rather than a mere superposition of individual contributions.
In the paper, we investigated optical soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional perturbed Biswas-Milovic model with cubic-quintic self-phase modulation including a nonlocal law using and the new Kudryashov and the unified Riccati equation expansion approaches. We derived bright and dark soliton structures and illustrated their characteristics through contour plot, two- and three-dimensional graphical representations for selected solution sets and parameter values. Moreover, we examined modulation instability for the suggested model, and revealing the significant influence of equation parameters on soliton dynamics. We showed that the suggested model, can support such soliton structures, emphasized its potential for modeling complex multidimensional nonlinear phenomena. These findings provide valuable insights into the physical and mathematical characteristics of nonlinear optical systems, offering a robust framework for future research in advanced soliton theory and applications.
A modular block-based acoustic metamaterial featuring perforated panels with straight and coiled cavities is presented for enhanced low-frequency and broadband sound absorption. The central panel is supported by the platform formed by the coiled cavities of four sub-units. The components are assembled modularly, allowing the absorption performance to be readily tuned by adjusting cavity parameters without altering the overall dimensions and perforation parameters. The impedance model is formulated using the perforated panel theory, together with the acoustic-electrical analogy, which is validated through acoustic experiments and finite element method (FEM) simulations. The complex frequency plane method is utilized to analyze the sound absorption coefficient (SAC). The coiled air cavities effectively elongate the acoustic propagation path. By adjusting the sub-unit configuration, the SAC of the studied absorber is higher than 0.8 within the frequency range of 664-1197 Hz. Furthermore, the absorption peak can be shifted downward to 242 Hz without changing the overall dimensions. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is introduced to optimize the coiled cavity parameters of the metamaterial unit, enabling the optimized configuration to achieve a half-absorption bandwidth of 600 Hz. This work presents a design strategy to achieve a tunable metamaterial absorber with enhanced low-frequency and broadband absorption.
The vertical and horizontal photonic spin Hall shift (PSHS) of left and right-handed polarized beams is controlled and modified using radio frequency-driven atomic configuration. The effects of probe/control field detuning, radio-frequency, and decay rate are observed on ratios [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and corresponding PSHS in a radio-frequency-driven medium. The manipulation of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ratios significantly enhanced the PSHS of left- and right-handed polarized beams. The maximum value for reflection ratios and PSHS is reported against incident angle. The ratios [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] have a maximum range of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The highest horizontal PSHS of left and right beams are observed in the range [Formula: see text]. Similarly, the highest vertical PSHS of left and right beams are observed in the range [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] against radio frequency. The obtained results may have significant applications in sensors, plasmonics, and semiconductor technology.
Bismuth ferrite (BFO) thin films are promising room-temperature single-phase multiferroics for information storage, sensing and optoelectronic applications. As the dominant intrinsic defects, oxygen vacancies are readily generated during thin-film growth, thermal processing, and aliovalent doping, and play a pivotal role in determining the structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of BFO. This review summarizes recent advances in oxygen-vacancy engineering through elemental doping and thermal annealing, with emphasis on the regulation of vacancy concentration and spatial distribution and their impacts on crystal structure, ferroelectric domain evolution, and multifunctional properties. Challenges in the study of oxygen vacancies in bismuth ferrite are identified. Future perspectives are proposed to provide guidelines for the rational design of high-performance BFO-based multifunctional devices.
The global movement toward sustainable energy has created growing interest in green hydrogen as a key technology for future energy systems. However, the safe and efficient storage of hydrogen remains a significant challenge. In this study, first-principles calculations were used to examine the phase stability, optoelectronic behavior, and hydrogen storage capability of Al-based metal perovskites XAlH 3 (X = Ga, In, and Tl). The main aim of the research was to assess whether these metal perovskite hydrides could be suitable for solid-state hydrogen storage applications. The calculated formation energies and elastic constants confirm that the XAlH 3 compounds are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. In addition, the positive phonon dispersion results show that all three materials are dynamically stable. The electronic band structure analysis indicates that these hydrides have metallic characteristics. Furthermore, the estimated B/G ratio and Cauchy pressure values suggest that the XAlH 3 materials possess ductile behavior. We also investigated the optical responses of XAlH 3 hydrides in detail. The thermal stability of these hydrides was confirmed by the thermodynamic evaluations and AIMD simulations. The calculated gravimetric hydrogen capacity of GaAlH 3 , InAlH 3 , and TlAlH 3 is found to be 3.03, 2.09, and 1.29 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated volumetric hydrogen storage capacities for GaAlH 3 , InAlH 3 , and TlAlH 3 are 96.66, 86.63, and 82.43 gH 2 /L, respectively. Desorption temperatures for GaAlH 3 , InAlH 3 , and TlAlH 3 are 397.53 K, 555.64 K, and 218.06 K, respectively. Overall, this study indicates that Al-based perovskite hydrides may be promising materials for solid-state hydrogen storage, and the investigation of XAlH 3 hydrides offers a useful pathway for advancing hydrogen storage technologies.
Transistors are the key components in many functional electronics. The performance of n-type field-effect transistors (FETs) based on MoS 2 is limited not only by metal–semiconductor contact performance (e.g. high contact resistance and Schottky barrier height) but also restricted by the interfacial disorders and scattering effects at active channels. In this work, we report a systematic study of lithium fluoride (LiF) used concurrently as a tunneling layer at the metal–MoS 2 interface and a capping layer on the active channel in monolayer MoS 2 FETs. An ultrathin LiF layer ([Formula: see text]2 nm) is thermally deposited before the metal deposition, which behaves as a tunneling layer. In addition, another LiF capping layer ([Formula: see text]10 nm) is deposited on the active channel to mitigate interfacial disorder and screen remote scattering effects, thereby improving intrinsic channel transport. According to the electrical transport characterization, the device shows significant improvement in terms of on-state current ([Formula: see text]83% increase), two-terminal field-effect mobilities ([Formula: see text]40% increase) and on-off ratio ([Formula: see text]2-fold increase) by adopting this proposed strategy. These results elucidate the role of ionic wide-bandgap insulating layers in the synergistic modulation of contacts and channels in two-dimensional semiconductors and provide a simple, generalizable pathway to high-performance, energy-efficient two-dimensional electronics.
In this study, we investigate the closed-form soliton solutions and qualitative analysis of the [Formula: see text] space-time fractional Kuralay-II equation within the mathematical framework. The model is formulated using the recently developed beta fractional derivative, which provides greater flexibility for modeling complex systems. The exact traveling wave and soliton solutions are constructed using the [Formula: see text]-expansion method. The solutions include rational, hyperbolic, trigonometric, and mixed soliton structures, like periodic, bell-shaped, anti-bell-shaped, kink, and V-shaped, for suitable values of the arbitrary parameters. We have studied the effects of key physical and fractional parameters on wave propagation using graphical illustrations through two-dimensional profiles to display the impact of the parameters on solitons. The associated reduced dynamical system is also studied using phase portraits, energy analysis, and bifurcation theory. This study reveals the supercritical and subcritical pitchfork bifurcations. Also, numerical simulations and time-series analysis demonstrate that chaos appears under external periodic excitation. The results focus on the decisive role of the fractional-order parameters in controlling stability transitions, nonlinear wave patterns, and chaos generation. This study presents novel insights into fractional integrable systems and enriches the theoretical understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics relevant to optical fibers, ferromagnetic spin chains, and related intricate physical systems.
The modulation of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in oxide thin films is essential for understanding structure–activity relationships. Recently, we found that ferromagnetic Ruddlesden–Popper phase La 2 CoO 4 thin films exhibit superior catalytic activity compared to its perovskite analogue LaCoO 3 [Z. Meng, Y. Qi, P. Qin, X. Zhou, X. Wang, H. Chen, L. Liu, G. Zhao, Z. Duan, J. Liu, Q. Zhang, P. Tang and Z. Liu, Nano Lett. 25 (2025) 4887]. Here, we further investigate the OER performance of La 2 CoO 4 thin films by tuning thickness and introducing a RuO 2 buffer layer. The intrinsic activity of La 2 CoO 4 is found to be independent of thickness, while its stability strongly depends on thickness, with thinner films showing rapid degradation, indicating that thickness alone cannot enhance activity. In contrast, the introduction of a RuO 2 layer significantly improves OER performance, particularly at low overpotentials, and introduces a new thickness dependence. Further analysis suggests that interfacial intermixing during PLD growth may occur, leading to compositionally modified regions or new active phases. By tuning the La 2 CoO 4 overlayer thickness, a trade-off between activity and stability is revealed, governed by the depth distribution of active regions. These results highlight the distinct roles of thickness and intermixing in determining catalytic performance.
In this work, we systematically investigated intralayer and interlayer excitonic photoluminescence in bilayer WS 2 using a dual-gate device architecture. By independently tuning the top and bottom gate voltages, without absolute calibration of carrier density or out-of-plane electric field, we examined the evolution of excitonic emission under temperature variation, equal-bias and opposite-bias gating configurations. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal that low-energy emission originates primarily from [Formula: see text]Q indirect excitons and their phonon replicas, whereas high-energy emission exhibits markedly greater thermal stability. Equal-bias gating induces substantial spectral weight redistribution between intralayer and interlayer excitons, accompanied by pronounced asymmetric responses to electron versus hole accumulation. Opposite-bias gating generates an effective perpendicular potential difference, resulting in a continuous redshift of interlayer exciton energy, while intralayer excitons display distinctly different tuning behavior. These contrasting responses highlight fundamental differences in electric dipole moments and many-body interactions between the two excitonic species. Our findings uncover the rich excitonic landscape of bilayer WS 2 and provide a robust experimental platform for electrical control of excitonic states in two-dimensional semiconductors.
This study systematically explored the impact of four HTL materials (CuI, Se-Te:Cu 2 O, Cu 2 O, and CuSCN) on the performance of Cs 2 AgInBr 6 -based inorganic perovskite solar cells based on the SCAPS-1D simulation platform. The J–V characteristics, energy band alignment (CBO/VBO) and carrier dynamics were deeply analyzed by constructing the n–i–p device structure (Glass/ITO/ZnSe/Cs 2 AgInBr 6 /HTL/Au). The study found that Se-Te:Cu 2 O aligns with the optimized energy band ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]eV, [Formula: see text]) due to its high hole mobility (1297[Formula: see text]cm 2 /Vs) and shows optimal performance, and its physical mechanism is as follows: a moderate CBO forms a “spike-type” energy band structure, which effectively blocks electron return while avoiding excessively high interface potential barriers; a slightly positive value of VBO promotes the efficient injection of holes from the perovskite layer to the HTL under the action of the built-in electric field. The high hole mobility significantly shortens the carrier transit time and reduces the body recombination probability, while good band alignment enhances the built-in electric field and thereby increases [Formula: see text]. Thickness optimization shows that the 600[Formula: see text]nm perovskite layer and 200[Formula: see text]nm HTL can achieve the best balance of light absorption and recombination loss, ultimately achieving a device efficiency of 26.30%. This study reveals the selection mechanism of HTL materials from the physical nature of carrier transport and recombination and provides a theoretical basis for interface engineering of high-performance inorganic perovskite batteries.
