In the present investigation, the potential of FTIR spectroscopy has been explored to determine various functional groups in bioenzyme (DCDB), and Vermicompost (VC) that have role in plant growth promotion as well as has antimicrobial potential. The FTIR spectra divulged the occurrence of numerous functional groups named as methyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, amines, phosphates, silicon or boron compounds, thiol, ester or amide groups in OFs. These functional groups regulate reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur species, rhizospheric microbiome, plant microbe interactions by improving the nutrient uptake, thereby improves plant stress tolerance. The current research highlights the prominent potential of OFs (non-autoclaved and autoclaved) in inhibiting the growth of Curvularia lunata. It might be due to the presence of microorganisms and heat stable metabolites in OFs. Beejamrit showed the maximum inhibition (70%) among the evaluated autoclaved OFs. Whereas, in non-autoclaved OFs, Jeevamrit showed the maximum inhibition (95%). The outcome of the study divulged that OFs not only enhancing plant growth and productivity but also offers natural disease suppression (antimicrobial activity). Future research can investigate their synergistic effects, mechanisms and extensive applications.
Traditional knowledge (TK) plays a vital role in sustaining the livelihoods of indigenous communities and conserving local aquatic resources. In biodiversity rich regions such as Northeast India, there is an urgent need to document traditional fishing practices that are rapidly declining due to modernization and ecological change. The Monsang community of Chandel district, Manipur, has practiced various indigenous fishing techniques since time immemorial, drawing on deep ecological understanding of hill-stream ecosystems. The present study documents three traditional fishing methods: (i) Thin gnharhuvuw, (ii) Peh-ethur, and (iii) Chiipin/Chiiping, practiced in Japhou and Monsang Pantha villages based on field surveys conducted using snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews. Thin gnharhuvuw functions as a fish aggregating device using leafy branches, Peh-ethur involves group-based net dragging in shallow river stretches, while Chiipin/Chiiping employs bamboo barriers and traps to guide fish movement. These techniques reflect community-based, seasonally regulated, and low-cost fishing practices adapted to local ecological conditions. Documentation of such indigenous techniques is essential for preserving cultural heritage and informing sustainable fisheries management at the local level.
The dual herbal methanolic formulations of Withania somnifera combined with Phyllanthus emblica (WP3), Bacopa monnieri (WB2), and Ocimum basilicum (WO3), prepared using our previously optimized and validated methodology for Ayurvedic phytochemical standardization, were investigated for their therapeutic relevance against leukemia. As phytotherapy emerges as a complementary strategy to reduce chemotoxicity and support long-term cancer management, evaluating rational botanical combinations is essential for advancing evidence-based integrative approaches. For the first time, this study delineates the collective anticancer effects of W. somnifera with three Rasayana co-herbs against Jurkat E6-1 T-cell leukemia cells. The extracts WP3 and WO3 were assayed for MTT cytotoxicity, exerting the strongest antiproliferative effects, with IC50 values of 20.27 and 20.40 & micro;g/mL, respectively. We utilised Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and AO/EB staining to validate both early and late stages of apoptotic progression following treatment. The WP3 results reflecteda substantial increase in apoptotic cell population for Sub-G0/G1 (18.37%) compared to (2.89%) control cells, while WO3 induced a lesser elevation of 6.53%, indicating DNA laddering resembling endonuclease fragmentation and apoptotic accumulation. Further cell cycle analysis showed reduced G0/G1phase population for WP3 (54.79%) and WO3 (56.82%) compared to the control (69.77%), interfering with cell cycle regulatory checkpoints for DNA synthesis.p53 protein expression was upregulated in WP3 treated cells (29.52%) relative to control (9.04%), suggesting stimulation of DNA tumor suppressor signaling pathways. The dual herbal combinations, treated with WP3, showed the strongest activity, suppressing leukemic cell growth by promoting apoptotic cell death, p53-mediated responses, and altering cell cycle progression. As a first-of-its-kind study, demonstrating phytochemical profiling, preclinical validation, and initiating a framework for Rasayana-derived combinatorial therapeutic strategies.
Ayurveda, uses a holistic approach to cure any disorder, among which constipation is one entity. The entity, such as constipation or any gut disorder associated with the constipated bowel, should be treated with laxatives. Herbal laxatives are considered the best option, as they have the least prolonged or unwanted complications. Ayurveda houses multiple drugs that are indicated specifically as needed. This study aims to group drugs derived under one umbrella from different classes, such as Charaka, Sushruta and Bhav Prakash, and is supported by scientific evidence from in vivo studies or clinical trials available from various resources. Herbal laxatives have a defined potential clinically but need more scientific evidence for validation and to be set as standards.
In the recent year in Manipur, especially among the rural communities, there is considerably high prevalence of urolithiasis, affecting approximately 22.4% of the population. Despite being this high incidence, there has been very less systematic documentation of the traditional herbal practices used by the indigenous healers to manage this condition. Therefore, the current study aimed to document and analyse the ethnomedicinal plants used in traditional practitioners for the treatment of urolithiasis in the selected rural areas of Manipur. The research was conducted over a period of six months in the five villages located in the Imphal West and Bishnupur districts of Manipur. The ethnomedicinal information was collected through semi-structured interviews with the traditional healers and knowledgeable local elders. The plant species mention during the interviews were noted, collected, identified taxonomically by expert taxonomist using standard botanical keys, and preserved as herbarium. The recorded data were quantitatively analysed using Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and Family Use Value (FUV). The study documented 15 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 15 different plant families. Among the documented plants, Potentilla indica (Andrews) Th. Wolf. was the most cited plant (RFC=0.575; FC=21.83), followed by Plantago major L. (RFC=0.303), Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (RFC=0.333), and Allium odorum L (RFC=0.303). The leaves were most commonly used plant part, accounting for 36.84% of total preparations reported by the healers. Demographic analysis revealed that the majority of the respondents were male (75.76%), and a significant proportion were elders above 50 years of age (51.52%), indicating that the knowledge of ethnomedical is primarily pass on orally within the older generation of the healer community. The therapeutic relevance of the documented plants may be attributed to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which are known to possess antioxidant, diuretic, and anti-crystallization properties.
In the present study, methanolic extracts of Zanthoxylum alatum fruits prepared into petroleum jelly-based ointments were evaluated for its leech repellent effect on New Zealand white rabbits. A widely prevalent terrestrial leech species of the humid forest areas, Haemadipsa montana, known to parasitise animals and humans, causing blood loss, skin irritation, and secondary infections in animals due to prolonged bleeding from bite wounds, was used for the study. There exist concerns regarding long-term use of synthetic leech repellents for environmental safety and toxicity. Plant-based repellents provide a promising alternative because of traditional use and eco-friendliness. Three concentrations of the extract at 10%, 20%, and 30% (w/w) incorporated into ointments were investigated on 20 rabbits randomly distributed into five groups, including a negative (plain petroleum jelly) and a positive (19% DEET ointment) control. Abdominal fur of the rabbits was shaved, and test ointments were applied. Ten terrestrial leeches per rabbit were then allowed to attach onto the prepared site and attachment behaviour, time to attachment, feeding success, and post engorgement weight were recorded. Results showed that the methanolic extracts had a dose-dependent leech repellent effect against H. montana. The highest concentration (30%) showed best repellence. No adverse skin reactions were noted in any treatment group. These findings support the efficacy of Z. alatum extracts as effective leech repellents. The study validates the traditional use of the plant and suggests its potential for developing natural, safe, and sustainable topical repellents for veterinary use.
This study explores ethnobotanical practices in the Algerian steppe, focusing on medicinal plants traditionally used to manage hypertension and their phenolic profiles. A survey based on a semi-structured questionnaire was carried out with 250 herbalists to collect socio-demographic and botanical data, and the phenolic profiles of medicinal plants were analyzed. The survey identified 35 plant species distributed across 19 botanical families, with Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Apiaceae being the most dominant. The six most frequently cited species were Allium sativum, Thymus algeriensis, Laurus nobilis, Curcuma longa, Coriandrum sativum, and Moringa oleifera. Plant parts used included aerial parts, leaves, seeds, and flowers, with decoction and infusion as primary preparation methods. Phytochemical profiling by HPLC detected 37 phenolic compounds across the six selected species. Allium sativum showed the highest content (56.70 & micro;g/g DW), mainly composed of rhamnetin and sinapic acid. Thymus algeriensis and Laurus nobilis were rich in flavonoids such as kaempferol, catechin, and rutin. Curcuma longa displayed curcuminoids, Coriandrum sativum contained chlorogenic acid, while Moringa oleifera contained chlorogenic acid, catechin, and rutin, revealing distinct species-specific phenolic profiles. These findings emphasize the importance of ethnopharmacological knowledge in hypertension management and offer a scientific basis for future pharmacological and clinical investigations.
Ancient Indian knowledge and wisdom on architecture and town planning, with a focus on fortification, are exemplary and evident in the ancient treatises Arthashastra and Manasara Shilpa Shastra. Thanjavur, once the capital of the Chola dynasty, is an ancient town fortified with a rampart and moat wall that houses the UNESCO-protected monument, the Brihadisvara Temple, which dates back to the 11th century. This research manuscript aims to unravel the defence planning, construction techniques, and usage of vernacular materials in the fortification of rampart and moat walls in Ancient Thanjavur town and ascertain its adherence to ancient Vedic fortification principles of Arthasastra's Audaka or Jaladurga. Excavations undertaken for a new construction project under the Smart Cities Mission of the Government of India for Thanjavur City revealed linear composite masonry walls 50 m in length and 3 m in depth, suspected to be the side walls of the Chola era moat. At this site, soil was excavated from ground level up to 5.2 m for the proposed construction, and geotechnical investigations using standard penetration tests were conducted up to 24.2 m. The presence of a weak N value of 7 to 6 m below the excavated ground level clarified the existence of a moat that was either deposited or backfilled with soil over time, such that the rampart wall and moat walls remained submerged. This provides evidence of ancient Indian Traditional knowledge on defence planning, use of vernacular materials, and innovative construction techniques for the moat, rampart walls, and foundation during the Great Chola, Vijayanagar, and Maratha periods.
Ethnobotanical knowledge connects biodiversity, cultural heritage, and drug discovery. A household survey (n = 50) among the Mangar community of Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya, and documented 46 wild medicinal species across 33 families. Quantitative indices, such as relative frequency of citation (RFC), use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), and Cultural Importance Index (CI) were used to prioritize culturally important species. The major portion of the harvested species was leaves (26%), while "crushed" was the major preparation method (23%). The highest RFC and UV values, 0.70 and 0.94, for Drymaria cordata and Ocimum tenuiflorum, respectively, reflect the "hub" potential of these species for use in household therapy. Conversely, 31 use-reports (similar to 48%) revealed perfect fidelity, indicating the existence of a set of single-ailment specialist' plant species. The overlap of FL with ICF revealed the existence of four ailment clusters, namely bone fracture, internal and external wounds, respiratory, and fever, wherein perfect specialists correlated with high consensus (ICF >= 0.90). The hierarchical cluster analysis using Jaccard similarity index revealed the organized and non-random nature of traditional knowledge, wherein multipurpose species formed the core, while ailment-specific species formed the periphery. Although some of the culturally important species, such as Aloe vera and Swertia chirayita, are pharmacologically supported, species like Viscum articulatum, Bergenia ciliata, and Astilbe rivularis need regionspecific ethnopharmacological evaluation and conservation assessment under the Mangar ethnomedicinal system. These findings emphasize the community's rich biocultural heritage and the need for its documentation, conservation, and quantitative analysis.
Neutral douche or hydrotherapy modality using water of neutral temperature is widely used to induce relaxation and promote autonomic equilibrium. Despite its widespread clinical use, the autonomic physiological responses to neutral douche remain insufficiently characterized in controlled settings. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of neutral douche on autonomic outcomes in healthy individuals. In a randomized controlled trial, 60 healthy volunteers aged 17-35 were randomly assigned to the experimental neutral douche group (n=30) or the control group (n=30), which underwent standing rest for 20 min without hydrotherapy exposure. The intervention consisted of a general body douche at 35 degrees C-37 degrees C for 20 min, while the control group stood in the same environment without receiving the treatment. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) were taken pre-and post-intervention. Exposure to neutral douche resulted in a significant reduction in heart rate (p<0.01) as well as a prolongation of mean RR intervals, indicating that the neutral douche may enhance parasympathetic activity. The HRV analysis from this group also suggested that there was a significant decrease in low frequency power (p<0.01), and a significant increase in high frequency power (p<0.01), suggesting that neutral douche could prevail in parasympathetic dominance. Interestingly, the neutral douche group experienced a significant decrease in HR, while systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased (p<0.05). The increase in BP may be related to baroreflex regulation or the possible physical effects of the water perfusion pressure. Collectively, the findings suggest that neutral douche facilitates parasympathetic activity and alters blood pressure, potentially benefiting those with autonomic dysfunction or sympathetic dominance. Further research is needed to explore its therapeutic applications and long-term effects.
Chubitchi, a traditional brewed alcoholic beverage from Meghalaya, was prepared under controlled laboratory conditions. A comprehensive storage study was conducted over four weeks under refrigerated conditions to examine its physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, alcohol content) and bio-functional attributes (antimicrobial, antioxidative, ACE inhibitory, anti-diabetic activities, and phenolic content). Over the four weeks, the pH decreased to 3.31, while acidity increased to 2.03%. Ethanol content peaked at 5.62% during week 2. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts declined to 5.21 log CFU/mL and 4.86 +/- 0.19 log CFU/mL, respectively, by week 4. Chubitchi demonstrated antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and S. aureus. Antioxidative activity peaked in weeks 3 (86.19 +/- 0.00%) and 4 (86.04 +/- 0.06%). ACE inhibition increased non-significantly from 17.03 +/- 0.28% to 23.10 +/- 0.92%. Anti-diabetic potential peaked at 3.53% (alpha-amylase inhibition), 20.42% (alpha-glucosidase inhibition), and 39.50% (lipase inhibition). Total phenolic content rose from 0.22 mg/mL to 0.27 mg/mL. Organoleptic evaluation revealed declining sensory scores through day 40. Furthermore, a 1:8 dilution of Chubitchi was found to be non-cytotoxic in a murine macrophage cell line, exhibiting significant antiinflammatory activity and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This study provides critical insights into physicochemical and biofunctional dynamics of Chubitchi during storage, supporting its potential as a functional beverage.
The paper examines the ethnomedical value of the wild flora in Muzaffargarh, Pakistan, and how it can be used to provide sustainable food resources and to support local health care. 29 ethnomedical plants in 20 botanical categories were recorded through semi-structured interviews with 534 individuals. Fabaceae and Amaranthaceae were the two most common families, with 11% each of the known flora, respectively. Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and the Jaccard Index (JI) are a few examples of the quantitative ethnobotanical indices that helped determine the cultural relevance, dependability, and consistency of the plant use. Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale gave the highest values of UV (1.0), meaning that these two plants are highly therapeutically acceptable within the community. The health conditions that had the highest unanimity were lice infestation (ICF = 0.998) and arsenic toxicity (ICF = 0.996). Lysimachia arvensis was the highest FL (100) in the treatment of jaundice. On comparison of 45 ethnobotanical research published between 2015 and 2022, districts such as Jhang were not very overlapping (JI = 0.78), which demonstrates region-specific ethnomedical knowledge, and Faisalabad had the most similarities (JI = 13.9). It is interesting to mention that novel, unreported medicinal properties were mentioned in 19 plant species, including Taraxacum officinale, Calotropis gigantea, Moringa oleifera, and Abutilon indicum. All in all, the findings demonstrate the relative efficiency of the indigenous knowledge, the potential of such practice in the context of pharmaceutical benefit, and the importance of the preservation of such cultural heritage and the adequate inclusion of such information into modern healthcare and biodiversity management practices.
Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age worldwide, with a prevalence of 5-15% depending on diagnostic criteria. Its aetiology involves genetic and environmental factors. Clinically, PCOD presents with hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhoea, anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Due to the limitations and side effects of conventional therapies, there is increasing interest in alternative and holistic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a Unani polyherbal formulation in the clinical management of PCOD. A pre-post interventional clinical study was conducted on 30 women aged 18-35 years diagnosed with PCOD based on ESHRE/ASRM criteria. Patients with pelvic pathology, malignancy, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, or those using contraceptives were excluded. Participants received a formulation comprising Nankhawah, Badiyan, and Wajturki, administered orally twice daily for five days before the expected menstrual period and continued for five days, for three consecutive cycles. Outcome measures included ovarian volume, menstrual cycle duration, body weight, acanthosis nigricans (AN) score, modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score, and SF-12 quality of life. Statistically significant improvements were observed post-treatment (p<0.001). Ovarian volumes reduced, and menstrual cycle duration decreased markedly. AN and mFG scores showed significant reduction, indicating improvement in hyperandrogenism. SF-12 scores demonstrated enhanced quality of life. The Unani polyherbal formulation showed promising therapeutic efficacy in managing PCOD by regulating menstrual cycles, reducing hyperandrogenic features, and improving quality of life.
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) based on indigenous resources have been getting attention internationally and hence, scientific validation of the potential ITKs could help in the generation of innovative crop production and protection technologies in the near future. The experiment to validate Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) for management of storage insect pests was conducted at farmers' storage godown in Silpota and Saljhora village of Chirang district of Assam, and revealed that the application of Polygonum hydropiper dry leaf powder @ 10 g/kg of seed can effectively control the damage of rice seed kept in traditional storage structures caused by Sitophilus oryzae recording 55.36%, 44.57% and 44.80% seed damage reduction over pre-treatment count (PrTC) on top (0-15 cm), mid (15-30 cm) and lower (> 30 cm) layer, respectively as against an increase in seed damage ranging between 201.62-221.60% over PrTC at 90 days after treatment in the control. Application of dried whole plant of P. hydropiper @ 4.0 cm thick layer over the stored seed showed little impact on reduction in incidence of S. oryzae recording 100.93%, 116.28% and 111.67% increase in seed damage over PrTC in upper (0-15 cm), mid (15-30 cm) layer and lower (>30 cm deep) layer, respectively; suggesting effective release of plant bioactive compounds with sufficient and enhanced contact points for biological activity.
Maratha funerary monuments chhatris (cenotaphs) and samadhis (memorial platforms) exemplify a distinct commemorative architecture shaped by syncretic influences and dynastic identities. This study investigates their evolution, analysing key examples from prominent Maratha dynasties (Bhosales, Holkars, Scindias, Peshwas) and comparing them with Rajput cenotaphs and Indo-Islamic tomb traditions. Primary survey of the Bhosale Rajghat in Nagpur, combined with extensive photographic surveys and archival research, reveals how Maratha memorials integrate Hindu symbolism (e.g., Shivalingam, Tulsi Vrindavan) with architectural idioms adapted from Deccan Sultanate and Rajput practices. Early Maratha structures mirrored Sultanate tombs with domes and arched kiosks resembling sarcophagi, while later examples evolved into temple-like pavilions with shikharas, mandapas, and guardian icons (dwarapalas). Maratha rulers appropriated funerary customs to legitimize power and honour ancestors, resulting in a typology that diverges from Islamic burials by focusing solely on memorialization, not interment. Results show regional variations: Nagpur's Bhosales built shrine-like chhatris on cremation sites; Holkars in Indore/Maheshwar blended Rajput aesthetics; Scindias of Gwalior incorporated Mughal elements; Peshwas maintained austere yet ritually functional Samadhis. The discussion infers these findings in terms of religious syncretism, ancestral veneration (dharma and moksha), gender distinctions (e.g., queens' memorials with Tulsi plants), and political symbolism. Maratha chhatris and samadhis can be understood as layered architectural expressions shaped by long-term regional continuities and interactions. The spatial articulation and formal vocabulary represent a distinctive place within India's tradition of royal commemorative architecture.
This study uses a traditional Indian fermentation method with fresh curd made through household back-slopping as the only inoculum to create millet-based probiotic foods. Three types of fermented products: lassi, porridge, and gruel from sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet were prepared. The process reflects established home practices while incorporating modern evaluation methods. A total of 36 formulations were systematically designed by changing millet type, substrate type (flour, extract, or residue), and pretreatments, including germination, gelatinization, and adding dairy milk. This approach enabled targeted assessment of how each variable affects nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities. Fermentation improved probiotic quality (LAB >10(6) CFU/mL), mineral bioavailability (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn), antioxidant capacity, reducing sugars, and protein content. Germination raised phenolic and antioxidant levels with increased water and oil absorption. Gelatinization enhanced texture and stability, especially in porridge and gruel. Both germination and fermentation reduced sedimentation, boosting product stability. Adding dairy milk improved sensory acceptance, particularly in lassi. Following circular bioeconomy principles, the insoluble residue from extracting millet milk is converted into gruel. This ensured complete use of raw materials and minimized waste. By extending a familiar and tested dairy fermentation method to underused millets, this work connects traditional knowledge with scientific support. It offers functional, probiotic-rich foods that promote nutritional security and zero-waste processing while encouraging small-scale, home-based food ventures.
Bhandara district situated in eastern part of Vidarbha in Maharashtra state of India, is provided with vast diversity includes forest cover, agricultural lands and even wetlands. This supports the livelihood of tribal and rural people in and around the forest areas and are involved in agriculture for their basic needs. Many of these people are well-aware about the traditional knowledge of utilizing wild edible plants. This study was undertaken to compile the hidden indigenous knowledge of wild edible plants and its diversity in the district. The tribal and rural people of the district involved in utilization of wild edible plants are Gond, Rajgond, Halba, Halbi, Pardhi and Holi. In addition to these, many rural communities are also using wild edible plants during food scarcity since long time. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA), semi-structured interviews, and group discussions with tribal elders, traditional healers, and local foragers was carried out to know the maximum number of wild edible plants used in the district. In this study, a total of 77 species, representing 72 genera and 38 families of angiosperms from dicot and monocot were recorded as wild edible plants. The various parts of the plant like, roots, tubers, rhizomes, corms, tender shoots, stems, gums, leaves, aril, receptacle, flowers, fruits, seeds and whole plants were reported as important dietary resources. The outcome of this study underscores the cultural significance, diversity of wild edible plants, its nutritional value and conservation potential. This will also help to conserve floristic biodiversity and sustainable utilization of resources to promote dietary diversity among tribal and rural communities.
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the safety profile Ayush SL, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation indicated for the management of lymphatic filariasis (LF), through acute, 28-day, and 90-day toxicity studies. In the acute oral toxicity study, the test drug was administered at a single dose of 3250 mg/kg to Swiss albino mice. For the 28-day and 90-day repeated-dose studies, rats were administered Ayush SL at doses of 225, 1125, and 2250 mg/kg. No abnormal behavioural signs and mortality were observed in the mice that received 3250 mg/kg of the test drug during the acute toxicity study. Similarly, no pre-terminal death and no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed in rats that received three doses for 28 & 90 days during sub-acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies. Histopathological examination of major organs also did not show any treatment-related pathological changes. These studies revealed that Ayush SL was safe at a dose of 3250 mg/kg in mice upon single-dose administration. In repeated dose studies, the drug was found to be safe up to 2250 mg/kg and no adverse effects were observed.
Microvascular damage in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to a range of systemic illnesses, with neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases being the most prevalent, representing significant global health concerns. Microvascular problems are made worse by aberrant e-selectin triggering in diabetes. Recent research suggest that polyherbal formulations (PHF) may target E-selectin and alleviate diabetes-related issues. The effect of a polyherbal aqueous extract formulation on the regulation of anti-inflammatory-mediated E-selectin was investigated in individuals with T2DM and diabetic comorbidities. A PHF made from seven potential antidiabetic herbs, individuals with diabetes, and individuals with diabetic complications like neuropathy and nephropathy (150) were subjected to the study. Baseline and end-of-study intervention (12 weeks) findings were analyzed using a statistical tool, the paired t-test. Diabetic, inflammatory, antioxidant, nephropathy, neuropathy profiles and diastolic blood pressure, additionally, E-selectin in the study group were statistically improved compared to baseline values. In individuals subjected to polyherbal formulation, the decline in E-selectin levels was especially noticeable. T2DM patients may benefit from phytochemicals in polyherbal therapy. Reducing E-selectin levels, it prevents infiltration of inflammatory cells. Additionally, this reduces diabetic complications and oxidative damage caused by inflammation. These findings provide insight into the impact of polyherbal therapy on inflammation. The results also imply that E-selectin may be a novel target for the management of problems associated with diabetes.
Prevalence of vitiligo in India varies from 0.6% to 1.13% with a high prevalence of up to 8.8% in Gujarat and Rajasthan. It is a major skin disease in public health domain globally. There are many theories behind pathogenesis of vitiligo but autoimmunity is considered as the most crucial trigger, however exposure factors and their association with development of diseases as risk factor largely remain unknown. This study is conducted to assess the role of etiological factors mentioned in Ayurveda literature as risk factor in manifestation of Shvitra (vitiligo). The present study is a case-control study where 80 cases (vitiligo) and 80 controls (healthy) were selected, examined and interrogated for assessment of exposure of viruddha ahara through a validated questionnaire and their blood samples were investigated. Total 93 exposure factors were assessed, of which 47 were found with significant odds ratio in univariate analysis. In subgroup multivariate analysis, 2 of 15 domains assessed showed significant odds namely Vega dharana (OR: 35.4, 95% CI: 1.54-827.0) and Papa karma (OR: 15.78, 95% CI: 1.25- 199.5). Shvitra severity score (SSS) is found positively correlated (r=0.62, p<0.01) with Hs-CRP and also with total viruddha ahara score (r=0.96, p<0.01). This case-control analytical study provides evidence that vega-dharana and Papakarma are the major determinants of Shvitra as described by Acharya Charak. Future prospective studies with larger sample size are warranted to validate this finding and develop preventive and treatment strategies for broader application.
