Conventional methods for eliminating harmful dyes and metal ions from textile industry effluents are often associated with high operating costs and limited material regenerability. Wheat is among the most widely cultivated food crops and generates substantial agricultural residues, including wheat bran/straw during production. Agricultural residues derived from wheat can be utilized as economical adsorbents for textile wastewater remediation. The presence of functional groups, for instance, carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, and amide in wheat bran/straw and activated carbon influences the elimination of coloring matter and metal ions from textile industry effluent. This review discusses the synthesis of wheat bran/straw-based biosorbents and their derived activated carbons, along with their characterization using various analytical techniques. Furthermore, the applications of these sorbents and their performance in removing dyes and metal ions from textile wastewater are comprehensively discussed. Conclusively, wheat bran/straw-based materials, owing to their enhanced contaminant removal efficiency, strong adsorption capacity, low cost, and renewability, may serve as promising and sustainable alternatives for textile industry wastewater treatment.
Liquid jets are essential in many heat removal applications due to their capacity to remove heat at a high rate per unit contact area. This paper mainly focusing on the graphene based nano fluid jet cooling strategy for cooling of internal combustion piston and cylinder walls. This study also examined the cooling of hot plates with flat and uneven surfaces. Experiments were conducted in which a fully developed turbulent liquid jet cooling upon a heated surface under a constant heat flux condition. Various metal specimen like Inconel, stainless steel (SS) and copper (Cu) with flat surfaces has been examined. The liquid jet was issued through a 40 cm long straight nozzle with diameters of 4 mm, 6 mm, or 8 mm. To ensure fully developed flow at the outlet, the length-to-diameter ratio of the nozzle was maintained above 50. The nanofluid was selected based on an extensive review of the literature, which indicates that it is one of the most suitable heat transfer fluids compared to water, owing to its superior dimensional stability, dispersion stability, safety, availability, and cost-effectiveness. Graphene nanofluids with concentrations of 0.1
The improper disposal of selvedge waste generated during weaving processes poses a significant environmental threat and contributes to resource depletion. This study aimed to process and repurpose 100
Smart textiles enable product development with interactive possibilities for textile and fashion design. Hydrochromic inks are colorants that change color when exposed to water and limited research has studied their integration in textiles and respective chromic behavior. The purpose of this work is to functionalize polyamide knitted fabric with hydrochromic ink, to characterize the thermal and fastness properties of the printed fabric and to discuss the mechanism by which the reversible hydrochromic ink performs reversible color change. Chromic behavior was studied using three different activation liquids, namely deionized water, sea, and pool water. Hydrochromic behavior showed that after activation, color return is influenced by ambient temperature, relative humidity as well as the liquid type which the colorant was exposed to. It was also observed that the hydrochromic ink reverts to its original color (white) and does not display significant changes in the predefined color after ten washing cycles.
The effective design and operation of submerged multi-jet electrolyte flow systems is necessary for a variety of industrial applications, including electrochemical machining and electroplating. The optimization and prediction of pressure drop in such systems utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction along with artificial neural network is thoroughly examined in this study. A prototype submerged multi-jet electrolyte flow system is used to gather experimental data under various operating conditions. Then, using critical input factors, ANN were employed to build prediction models for pressure drops. ANN was used to forecast the pressure drop at several heights between 0.01 and 0.25 m, the optimum pressure drops, 1476.2 N/m2, was recorded at 0.25 m. Additionally, the Response Surface Methodology is used to create empirical models that shows the process parameters and pressure drop are related. The recommended methodology offers a systematic and efficient approach to predict and optimize pressure drop in submerged multi-jet electrolyte flow systems. In industrial applications, this enables enhanced process performance and efficiency.
With the increase in development in various countries, energy consumption across the world has increased mainly due to environmental comfort such as space heating and air conditioning in a building. This energy consumption can be reduced by the application of thermal insulation material. Aerogels are the promising material for thermal insulation property. Among various types of available polymer for preparation of aerogels, cellulose is a bio-polymer having renewable, biodegradable and biocompatible property. In this work, cellulose aerogel composite was prepared with cellulose aerogel and polyester batting by dissolving cellulose in N-methyl morpholine N-oxide solvent. Cellulose solution was then allowed to form gel within batting, which was regenerated with water, washed and freeze dried. The prepared composite has three dimensional porous structure. Density of the prepared composite is 0.05 g/cm3 and porosity is 96.5
The increasing demand for eco-friendly and bio-based epoxides has positioned soybean oil as an attractive renewable feedstock due to its high linoleic acid content. This study investigates the catalytic epoxidation of soybean oil via an in situ peracid mechanism using formic acid as the oxygen carrier, hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen donor, and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, formic acid–to–soybean oil molar ratio, and stirring rate were systematically evaluated. The optimum conditions 75 °C, 1.5:1 molar ratio, and 500 rpm resulted in a maximum relative conversion of oxirane of 76.01
In terms of industrial production growth, Tamil Nadu's textile sector is leading the way and contributes significantly to employment creation in the state. There are several textile industries in the Kongu region, which is known as a textile hub. However, there is some controversy surrounding these enterprises because of their participation in environmental deterioration. Nonetheless, the primary idea about these sectors is the adoption of circular economy (CE) practices, which was advocated by higher environmental management authorities. Using a sample of 100 textile industries, this article will look into the present CE techniques used in these sectors and analyse the social, economic, and environmental effects of the CE initiatives these sectors have adopted. In addition, this study evaluates how the textile industry's sustainable development objectives relate to CE principles. A 5-point Likert scale was used in a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 100 textile industry workers in Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Erode, and Karur to assess industrial practices and sustainable development in terms of social, economic, and environmental aspects. The regression analysis results indicated that green purchasing had a significant and positive effect on economic (β = 0.405, p = 0.01), social (β = 0.464, p = 0.003), and environmental (β = 0.361, p = 0.023) outcomes, thereby supporting the alternative hypothesis, H1a. In comparison, investment recovery had significant negative coefficients for economic (β = − 0.512, p = 0.004), social (β = − 0.613, p < 0.001), and environmental (β = − 0.567, p = 0.001) dimensions, indicating operational issues for applications in CE. Overall, the analysis confirmed that CE approaches are in early days, but green purchasing has noteworthy contributions to sustainable development in Tamil Nadu, and with improvements, investment recovery can too. The findings of this study can provide useful recommendations for managers and policymakers to enhance environmentally sustainable procurement, improve operational efficiency, and develop a more sustainable textile industry in Tamil Nadu.
The performance of a membrane-based gas separation process has been assessed with various operating parameters. To this end, complete mixing and counter current models were deployed in the case of helium recovery from a binary mixture with methane. For design purposes, the predicted results of the two models were compared and assessed thoroughly according to various parameters. Feed concentration, pressure difference and flow rate have shown significant impacts on permeate purity, required membrane area and theoretical energy consumption. For instance, the required membrane area could be reduced largely when permeate side operated under vacuum pressure of 0.6 bar. It is also revealed that theoretical energy consumption decreases as inlet helium concentration increases to 10
Cotton, a major cash crop in India, contributes significantly to the global textile industry. However, the robust cotton production in India faces a persistent threat from various pests, leading to substantial yield losses. In an effort to mitigate these losses, an essential aspect is the judicious selection of the most effective pesticide tailored to each pest, which can be treated as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, consisting of numerous conflicting criteria and a set of equally compatible solutions. This paper proposes an integrated MCDM approach, combining best worst method (BWM) (for criteria weight measurement) and mixed aggregation by comprehensive normalization technique (MACONT) (for ranking of the alternatives) to identify the best pesticides for five common cotton pests, i.e. Jassid, Aphids, Whitefly, Bollworm and Thrips. Based on eight evaluation criteria and adopted approach, Acetamiprid 20
Air pollution remains one of the most critical environmental challenges facing the world today. The emission of high levels of air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), poses significant threats to the environment, human health, and animal life. According to recent data from the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution levels remain dangerously high in many regions, with 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathing air that exceeds safe pollution limits. The WHO also estimates that approximately 7 million people die each year due to exposure to polluted air. In 2016 alone, ambient (outdoor) air pollution was responsible for around 4.2 million deaths, while household air pollution, primarily from cooking with polluting fuels and technologies, accounted for an estimated 3.8 million deaths. Although various chemical methods are currently employed to reduce polluted gaseous emissions, many of these approaches are not environmentally sustainable. In contrast, biofiltration showed a promising biological alternative for treating contaminated air streams. In this method, pollutants are biologically degraded into less toxic compounds, offering a cost-effective and eco-friendly substitute to conventional air pollution control technologies. This review explored the application of biofiltration for air pollution control, discussing different types of biofilter, the underlying mechanisms of biofiltration, key operational parameters influencing biofilter performance, major air contaminants, and the microorganisms involved in pollutant degradation. Moreover, the present study also addressed the future directions for research and development in this field.
Polyester may not be a good choice for sportswear, activewear, underwear, towels, or even clothing in tropical and subtropical countries because it doesn’t handle moisture well. Because it is hard to change the surface properties of polyester to make it more receptive, the coating material must be applied, which is effective for making the hydrophilic surfaces of polyester. Pluronic polymers have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in their structure, which makes them suitable as textile coating materials. In this context, we investigated improving the moisture absorption of 100
Amid growing environmental concerns, natural fibers such as date palm stems (DPS) emerge as viable alternatives in polymer composites. This study investigates the mechanical and physical properties of short-length DPS-Glas epoxy composites, incorporating E-glass hybridization and alkali treatment. Unlike previous studies that focused on long fibers or fiber dust, this research employs short DPS fibers through the hand layup method to enhance composite processability. The impact of fiber content and alkali treatment on physical, mechanical, and water-absorption properties was explored. Results show that tensile strength improved significantly with alkali treatment and was further enhanced through glass fiber hybridization. Similar trends are observed in both flexural strength and microhardness also. SEM analysis revealed superior fiber-matrix adhesion in hybrid composites, while hybridization and surface treatment reduced water absorption. However, fiber clustering at 20 wt
The epoxidation of fatty acids derived from plant-based oils has gained interest due to the increasing demand for environmentally sustainable epoxides from these sources as well as due to their sustainability, renewability, and biodegradability. However, one of the challenges in this study is establishing the appropriate conditions for the epoxidation reaction, such as the optimal variables value, in order to achieve the best epoxidation results. Palm cooking oil (PCO) was epoxidized via an in situ peracid mechanism using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide known as peracetic acid and using sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Under optimal conditions (70 °C, 30 min, 0.2 g catalyst, hydrogen peroxide:PCO ratio 1.5, acetic acid: PCO ratio 0.5, and 300 rpm), the maximum relative conversion to oxirane achieved 18
Due to COVID 19, consumer demand for immunity-boosting component foods is increasing day by day. Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are well known for its instant and quick release of energy in the body and hence, the present investigation focuses on the synthesis of MCTs to fulfill the demand of MCTs by optimizing and intensifying the process of esterification. The initial process parameters (temperature, stirring speed, catalyst loading and molar ratio) of esterification reaction have been optimized using conventional method. Further, process intensification is achieved by performing experiments using ultrasonic and microwave irradiation reactors at optimal conditions of the conventional method for synthesis of MCTs. It has been observed that increasing temperature, stirring speed, catalyst loading and increasing molar ratio favors the esterification reaction using conventional methods. The reduction in the acid value of 10.7 mg KOH/g of mixture using the conventional method, 8.5 mg KOH/g of mixture using ultrasonic horn and 6.7 mg KOH/g of mixture using microwave irradiation have been obtained under the same optimal conditions of the conventional method. According to the process parameters and equipment specifications, microwave irradiation requires a total amount of energy of 1.493 × 103 kJ/mg reduction in acid value per gram of mixture, which is five times less than ultrasound and eight times less than the conventional approach.
The preservation of traditional textile weaving techniques is essential for safeguarding cultural heritage and supporting artisan communities. Among these, Korvai weaving stands out as an intricate and time-honoured craft with deep cultural significance in certain regions. However, the sustainability of this art form has been challenged by the need to adapt to modern demands while maintaining its authenticity. This study explores how the integration of electronic jacquard technology into traditional Korvai weaving can enhance productivity, preserve cultural traditions, and ensure the long-term viability of this craft. Historically, Korvai weaving has relied on punched card technology to create complex woven designs. The transition to electronic jacquard eliminates the need for punched cards, offering artisans greater flexibility in modifying designs while reducing recurring costs associated with fabric design. This technological advancement not only streamlines the weaving process but also empowers weavers to innovate without compromising the traditional essence of their craft. Originating in South India, Korvai weaving employs a specialized loom designed to produce intricate patterns with multiple colors and textures. The structural mapping of designs and harnessing techniques play a crucial role in maintaining the authenticity of Kanchipuram’s traditional weaving practices. To assess the impact of this technological shift, the implementation of electronic jacquard was tested within the Kanchipuram weaving cluster. Through a comprehensive analysis of the historical context, technical aspects, and socio-cultural implications, this study highlights the potential of electronic jacquard technology as a tool for preserving the artistry and intricacy of Korvai weaving. Additionally, it examines the broader impact on the sustainability of artisanal communities, market opportunities, and the future prospects of this revered weaving tradition.
Using the Water Quality Index (WQI), we examined the drinking water quality in the rural region of District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Twenty-three locations were chosen to represent drilled well water, which is critical for assessing water quality in the region. To compute the WQI, raw water samples were collected and analyzed for twelve physicochemical parameters such as Fe, F, Cl, Su, pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, and turbidity. With the exception of conductivity at several places, comparison with existing data corroborated our results. The examination lasted 6 months to determine whether the water was safe to drink. All parameter concentrations, including trace elements, remained within the maximum acceptable international values stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Overall, the research found that there was no contamination of groundwater in District Ratnagiri due to human activities. This implies that the water sources are safe for consumption, emphasizing the significance of water quality evaluation in ensuring rural people's well-being. Adherence to international standards provides consistent availability of drinkable water, which benefits citizens' general health and quality of life.
Reactive dyes are most significant for cotton for their diverse vivid hues, superior colour-fastness, and easy applications. Considering exhaust reactive dyeing, wet-on-wet or wet-on-dry options are available which may differ in results due to pre-swelling of cotton for wet-on-wet dyeing. However, no information is available regarding this in the literature. So, purpose of this study is to address this gap, especially the influence on kinetics of cotton dyeing. To do so, a replicated experimental run was developed utilizing design expert. The data analysis with design expert and excel, using the ANOVA test, revealed that influence of wet-on-wet dyeing on kinetics is not statistically significant. However, it was clearly and consistently observed that dye absorption for wet-on-wet dyeing was lower indicated by dye concentration in fibre and K/S curves.
Cotton fabrics were double pre-mordanted with natural potash alum and tannin-rich gallnut (Quercus infectoria), acting in combinations as dual-bio-mordants for dyeing it with tannin-rich catechu natural dye extract. This study confirmed that K-Alum and gallnut dual-bio-mordanting, followed by dyeing it with catechu extract, formed a bigger giant water-insoluble complex of [Cotton-Al-Gallo-tannins-Catechin] and produced an orangish brown colour shade on cotton. The said dual pre-mordanted cotton using overall 15
Solar radiation varies between 600 and 1200 W/m2 during September–May and adequate radiation is available from morning 10 AM to afternoon 1 PM. Due to cloudy weather in rainy seasons during June–August, minimum value of solar radiation 400–600 W/m2 was found. Solar radiation 600 W/m2 and more is essential for effective electricity generation. Since minimum 0.25 HP/0.18KW power is required to operate each reeling or spinning machine, so solar plant generated electricity can be effectively utilized in tasar post cocoon sectors. About 45
