Objective: To evaluate early outcomes of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with aplastic anaemia. Method: The retrospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. All procedures were conducted in isolation chambers equipped with laminar airflow and high-efficiency particulate air filtration systems, and stem cells were obtained from sibling donors fully matched for human leukocyte antigens. Data recorded from the patient files included demographics, donor characteristics, stem cell source and dosage, transplant-related complications, and post-transplant outcomes, including disease-free survival and overall survival. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Results: Of the 56patients, 34(60.6%) were male and 22(39.4%) were female. The overall median age was 19 years (interquartile range: 4-41 years). Stem cells were sourced exclusively from bone marrow in 38(67.9%) patients, followed by 17(30.4%) who received a combination of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells. The most common early posttransplant complications were fungal infections23(41.1%) and cyclosporine-induced hypertension13(23.2%). In the first 100 days, there were 14(25%) deaths, leaving both the 100-day overall survival and disease-free survival rates to be 42(75%). Conclusion: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was found to be a viable curative treatment for severe aplastic anaemia even in resource-limited settings.
Objective: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy are glomerulus disease. The current study was planned to understand the molecular mechanism of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy with discovery of key micro ribonucleic acids and their targeted hub genes. Methods: The microarray dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and examined through R package Gene Expression Omnibus 2R. Subsequently, the data was analysed to detect the differential expressed genes. The hub genes were detected using bioinformatics analysis techniques, such as protein-protein interaction network analysis, module analysis and micro ribonucleic acid-messenger ribonucleic acid network construction. The study relied entirely on publicly available datasets conducted in 2021 at COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus. Results: A total of 949 differential expressed genes were recognised. All of them were upregulated genes. Afterward, 6 overlapped genes (Fos proto-oncogene AP-1 transcription factor subunit, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Forkhead Box O3, Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1, Heat Shock Protein Family A [Hsp70] Member 5 and Tumour Protein p53) were intersected from cytoHubba plugin, designated as hub genes. One novel micro ribonucleic acid, has-miR-495-3p, was identified as biomarker for diagnosis and therapy of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Conclusion: The short, non-coding has-miR-495-3p was found to be proficient in refining personalised diagnosis and treatments for immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy patients. In vivo and in vitro analyses of micro ribonucleic acids and network interactions may help further explore the processes underlying the disease. Key Words: Bioinformatics, Differential expressed genes, Immunoglobulin A nephropathy, Membranous nephropathy, Microarray.
Breast hamartoma is a rare benign lesion mostly affecting middle aged women. Only a few cases in adolescents and children have been reported. We report a case of breast hamartoma in a nine-year-old girl, who presented with painless lumps in her left breast which were mobile and firm in consistency. Ultrasonography of the breast lumps was inconclusive. Histopathological examination after surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis of breast hamartoma. This case underscores the rarity and diagnostic challenges of breast hamartoma in the paediatric population necessitating the need to perform surgical excision for the definitive diagnosis. Keywords: Adolescent; Benign breast disease; Hamartoma; Paediatric.
Abstract Situs inverses totalis is a rare condition characterized by the transposition of abdominal and thoracic organs, often associated with cardiac anomalies.There is no established correlation between gall stones and Situs inverses.Laproscopic cholecystectomy remains the gold standard treatment for calculous cholecystitis. Acute cholecystitis in patients with situs inversus totalis has previously been reported to be managed laparoscopically by left-handed surgeons or by using the French position for port placement. Gall bladder phlegmon is technically challenging to manage laproscopically and becomes more demanding in patients with situs inversus.We are reporting a case of gall bladder phlegmon in a patient with situs inversus which was performed by slight modification of port positioning by a right handed surgeon. Keywords: Laproscopic cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, gall bladder phlegmon, situs inverses, calcolous cholecystitis.
Objective: To assess the prognostic role of coagulation factor 2 receptor in gastric cancer. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at ?? from ?? to ?? and comprised pathological samples of patients having undergone radical gastrectomy between ?? and ?? in the General Surgery Department of Xishan People’s Hospital, China. Correlation of coagulation factor 2 receptor expression with clinical features, deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, and the richness of tumour immune cell infiltration were analysed in the samples using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, University of California, Santa Cruz Xena, Tumour IMmune Estimation Resource-2.0 and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Prognostic impact was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, nomograms and MethSurv. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed on coagulation factor 2 receptor co-expressed genes. Results: Of the 12 patients, 9(75%) were male and 3(25%) were females. There were 8(66.7%) patients aged >60 years, while 4(33.3%) were aged <60 years. Coagulation factor 2 receptor was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer (p<0.001), correlating with histological grade and clinical stage. It was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: =2.004; 95% confidence interval: 1.069-3.755], p<0.05). High expression or low promoter methylation predicted poorer survival (p<0.05). Immunoinfiltration showed positive correlations with CD8+ T cells, fibroblasts and macrophages. Single-cell assays indicated coagulation factor 2 receptor expression in fibroblasts, CD8+ T cells, and plasma cells. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed enrichment in cancer pathways, PI3K-Akt and MAPK signalling. Gene set enrichment analyses suggested high expression of coagulation factor 2 receptor gene correlated with gastric cancer via extracellular matrix receptor interaction, focal adhesion and cancer pathways. Conclusions: Coagulation factor 2 receptor may be an independent prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer and may correlate with immune infiltration. Key Words: Coagulation factor 2 receptor, F2R, Gastric cancer, Prognosis, Immune infiltration, Functional enrichment.
