The Turkestan barbel, Luciobarbus conocephalus (Kessler, 1872), is documented from the Iranian Part of Hari River basin by providing its morphometric and molecular characteristics based on the nine collected specimens in July 2016. In addition, the ichthyofauna of the Hari river basin was discussed and an up-to-date inventory was provided. Based on the results, L. conocephalus was clustered in a clade as sister group of L. capito with K2P genetic distance of 1.8% in the mtDNA cytb region. Luciobarbus conocephalus probably has entered the Hari River from the Karakum Canal in Turkmenistan (diversion from the Amu Darya River) that in recent years was connected to the channels collecting the Hari River water. Also, a misidentified specimen of L. conocephalus sequence in the GenBank sequences is discussed.
The Snakeskin gourami ( Trichogaster pectoralis ) from Sungai Batang swamp, Indonesia has high commercial value and high pressure on population due to fishing, while the fish growth condition is poorly studied. A total of 848 fish ranging 75-200mm (119.14±18.43mm) (TL) and 5-132g (29.76±14.76g) were sampled to estimate its length-weight relationship and condition factors. Local fishermen mostly collected them using horizontal gill-net and also electrofishing device. Based on the results, the Snakeskin gourami grow allometrically ( b =2.7748-2.8971), indicating that fish becomes slender as the length increases. Total length and weight of female were significantly higher than those of male ( P 0.05). The mean K values for male and female were 1.64±0.24 and 1.66±0.21, respectively, indicating that fish in the swamp is in good condition.
This study was conducted to assess the species composition, abundance andmetrological data influencing fish species diversity based on catch data from landing site of the Sunye Lake. The finding represented that 25 species belonging to 13 families. Cypriniformes was highest composition in community. Both diversity and evenness were low and only a few species were dominated. Low diversity value (H) and highest dominance index values (1-D) were associated with lower diversity estimates for this community.Major dominant species Oreochromis niloticus was the most widely distributed species with a 100% occurrence occurring in the lake. Highest occurrence was recorded during summer. Seasonal abundance of commonly captured species were O. niloticus, Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii, Puntius sophore, Parambassis ranga and Notopterus notopterus . In this community O. niloticus was recorded in the late monsoon and winter whereas A. atkinsonii and P. sophore were recorded in greater abundance during the early monsoon and summer. Finding results indicated that no significant (P<0.05) difference in diversity pattern among the seasons. According to metrological data, we observed similar seasonal pattern trends during two years study. However, productivity was different and their percentage of contribution also differs from each other seasonally.Percent similarity indicated that winter and summer were most similar season in terms of species richness. Seasonal difference in relative abundance indicated that late monsoon and winter were most dissimilarity.
Helicobacter pylori has several virulence factors, including the ability to produce urease, which allows it to colonize the stomach and survive for long periods of time. As a results of those virulence factors of H. Pylor i causes gastritis. This study aimed to detect H. pylori using of real-time PCR amplification of VacA and CagA genes, and compare between both genes and detection by urease and creatine. For this purpose, a total of 50 patients were selected and have been clinically diagnosed with gastritis. Biopsy samples were collected from all the patients. Rapid urease test (RUT) was applied to all gastric samples to detect the presence of H. Pylori . DNA was extracted and the RT-PCR was perform to detect the VacA and CagA genes. The results of RUT showed 20 samples were positive of H. Pylori , after the Real Time-PCR test were done the results showed 27 (54%) to VacA and 25 (50%) to CagA genes were positives.
CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a widespread virus and body retains the virus for the rest of the life after infection. Since CMV impacts on person’s health, CMV infection can be deadly for patients with compromised immune systems, including those undergone an organ, stem cell, or bone marrow transplant. This work aimed to study the relationship between viral infection of CMV and leucopenic cancer patients. A total of 170 blood samples were taken from patients who agreed to participate (cross-sectional study). Middle Euphrates Cancer Center participants were separated into two groups: 80 cancer patients with Leucopenia, 90 cancer patients without Leucopenia, without Leucopenia. 80 people had 50 lgM-positive (62.5%), 61 IgG-positive (76%) and 45 CMV-Ags positive cases (56 % ). In mild cases, 8 IgM and 9 IgG positive patients were found. There were also 5 CMV-Ags positives (51,2 %). 25 IgM positive, 19 IgG positive, 17 CMV-Ag 6 positive. There were 23 IgM positives, 31 IgG positives, and 23 viral Ag positives. (10,11 %). The current study showed the existence of viral infections in the group of cancer patients who suffer from leucopenia compared to the group of patients without. Because of a weakened immune system, the virus reactivated.
The present study aimed to the evaluation the effects of age, sex and hormonal treatment on the plasma and hematological parameters of Aristichthys nobilis . A total of 80 fish in four treatments, including, four different ages :9-months,1, 2 and 3 years old males and females injected by pituitary gland. Based on the results, age was caused an increases in red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Hemoglobin (Hb) and Haematocrite, neutrophil and lymphocyte percent ( P 0.05). The plasma biochemical parameters, including calcium, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, protein and phosphorus changed with age and hormonal treatment respectively. The parameters of the hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, lymphocyte, calcium, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and phosphorus also showed sex dependent differences. But, there was no significant difference between plasma and hematological parameters before and after the hormonal injection in both sexes.
First record of the Triplefin fish (Blenniiformes: Tripterygiidae), Helcogramma ellioti , is reported here based on six specimens collected from Chabahar, northern Gulf of Oman in February 2019. Identification was confirmed based on a series of morphological characters including, a minute supraorbital tentacle, 3-5 symphyseal mandibular pores, a numerous number of scales in lateral line (36-37) and a low number of total lateral scale rows (38-39). Specimens were found in coral reef areas at depths of 1-15m of the Gulf of Oman in the Indo-Pacific region. Compared to the other members of Helcogramma , H. ellioti is regarded as a medium to large body size species (25.0-57.0mm SL). Although several species of triplefin fishes have been reported from the Persian Gulf, but, it is the first record from Tripterygiidae for the Iranian waters of the Gulf of Oman.
Most pathogenic bacteria have the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, continuous research to find a new antibiotic against pathogens is an urgent task to avoid the rapid spreading of diseases. The direction is to create nanomaterials instead of common antibiotics to inhibition some bacteria high effectively. The purpose of this study was to functionalize the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with nisin (N) and applied to a group of pathogenic bacteria to evaluate the effectiveness of them in killing the isolated bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus . The TEM study revealed the grain size of AuNPs ranging 1-14nm, whereas the grain size of AuNPs-N ranging 1-120nm. Also, we were measured the XRD of AuNPs and AuNPs-N to find out their structural properties. In addition to the evaluation of biologically active substances by FTIR system. The results through the biological activity showed that the nisin functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-N) exhibited perfect inhibitory activity against all the isolated bacteria.
An increased understanding of fisheries target species population dynamics is a key requirement for successful management. Age, growth, and mortality of Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta were estimated based on samples collected from commercial purse seine fishery in the Egyptian Red Sea between October 2019 and September 2020. The age estimates were based on two readers to increase the accuracy of results. The age estimates, in the period of study, were observed at a maximum age for both sexes at 4 years old and the most sampled occurrences in the second years (2 years old). The von Bertalanffy growth function was estimated for males at L ∞= 343.83 -0.447 (t+0.474) ; for females at L ∞= 367.37 -0.357 (t+0.767) and combined at L ∞= 353.78 -0.406 (t+0.595) . The mortality rate was determined at 1.35, 1.32 and 1.37 year -1 and exploitation ratio at 0.417, 0.511 and 0.492 year -1 for males, females and combined receptively. The length at first maturity (L 50 ) was estimated at 206.9, 208.26 and 207.48 mm for males, females and combined receptively. The updated estimates of these biological parameters, by this study, indicate that R. kanagurta population is more vulnerable to fisheries exploitation than before.
Intestinal parasites are important health problem for diabetics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites in individuals suffering from this disease. The current study was conducted during February 2020 to April 2021 to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites in diabetic patients in the province of Najaf, Iraq. A total of 372 samples were examined, which were 137 samples were positive for intestinal parasites in diabetic patients. The most common intestinal parasite in diabetic patients was Entameaba hitolitica with proportion of 34.3%, and the age group most affected by intestinal parasites in diabetes was 6-40 years. The results showed a significant higher infection in females (57.6%). The results also showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasites among diabetics is high in people who lived in rural areas (70%) ( P <0.05). The current study included the correlation of age, sex, and residence with the prevalence of parasites in patients with diabetes, due to the scarcity of information on the prevalence and type of infection with pathogenic intestinal parasites in diabetics.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaves extract on paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6, RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in male albino rates with arthritis and compare it with Naproxen drug. A total of 12 mature male albino rates were divided into four groups, as 3 male rates for each group, and the experiment continued for 14 days. The animals were divided as follow: G1: treated as negative control group, injected with 0.1ml/ physiological normal saline (0.9% Nacl) in the first and third day of the experiment, G2: treated as positive control injected with 0.1 ml/ animal of formaldehyde (2%) in the first and third day of the experiment (Arthritis group), T1: as arthritis group, treated with olive leaf extract orally as 45mg/kg of B.W once daily and T2: as arthritis group, treated with Naproxen tablet orally as 100mg/ kg of B.W once daily. The results showed a significant increase in the paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6, RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in the positive control compared with the negative control group and others groups. The results also showed a significant decrease in the paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in the T1 and T2. Also the results showed a significant decrease in the paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6, RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in T2 group compared with T1. The present study showed that olive leaves extract attenuates Rheumatoid arthritis to be developed by reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, RF, MDA, bilirubin and albumin and its extract was being more safety from Naproxen drug because the adverse effects of Naproxen drug.
The current study as case control was intended to evaluate the potential petrol exposure effects on the blood parameters of workers at field and comparing them with workers at office in province of Basrah, Iraq. From petrol filed, the blood of 53 individuals being exposed and other blood individual’s samples of 53 as group being unexposed were collected. Full blood picture analysis was done utilizing hematology analyzer that fully automated in Nassriy hospital. Level of cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) were assessed. The results displayed significant rising in level of Cd and Hg in refinery field workers. Additionally, most biomarkers as blood (out of 24 biomarkers) were not changed significantly in both study groups. Nevertheless, RBC, WBC, HB and PCV% were increased significantly in oil field workers comparison to non-oil field workers. Furthermore, the total platelets number (PLT) was declined significantly comparing to the control. No significant relations were found between the work duration, age and all parameters as blood. It can be concluded that exposure to petrol of a potential for inducing blood disease among working people at Basarh fields besides no significant changes for most blood workers biomarkers at field in comparing to the office working group as control. We also reported the increase in ALKA and ALT in filed attendance workers comparing to the control although, no change noticed in urea and serum proteins and other parameters comprised in the current study. Based on the results, occupations in oil filed in Iraq needs more attention and tests to make sure they are safe. Lack of secretariat and safety procedures in oil filed and diminished of periodical physical exams certainly will lead to numerous health effects on workers and their families.
This study examined the effect of green tea extract and metformin on diabetic mellitus in male rats. Based on the result, green-tea oral admistration (300 mg/kg body weight) showed a reduction in plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and hemoglobin and insulin levels in diabetic rates in 30 days. The oral administration of green tea extracts in diabetic male rates caused the glycogen creation utilizing proteins by building the remainder of the cells to deliver more insulin. As conclusions, green tea has an effect comparable to that of metformin on diabetic patients.
Coccidiosis is an important disease in poultry industry with a high prevalence causing low food conversion rates with high death incidence. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of coccidiosis in chickens in Al-Diwaniyah City. During August 2019 to January 2020, a total of 467 (277 broilers and 190 layers) chickens random gut and fecal samples were collected from local stores and farms. The samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopically, the results showed the presence of infection in the intestinal parts. The incidence findings of droppings were 30.68% ( n =85/277) and 10.52 % ( n =20/190), respectively. However, for the gut samples, higher occurrence rates (70.58 and 70%), respectively, were found. The results of the seasonal prevalence had effect on chicken based on month but varying from 5.88% in August to 36.47% in November in brioler, and 5% in August to 25% in October and November in Layer. A significantly increase ( P <0.05) incidence rate (23.52%) was revealed as a clinical form in broilers than layers (0%).
Dental infection affects most people especially those without sufficient dental care. This infection occurs when bacteria occupy the pulp area and surrounding tissues due to factors such as trauma and dental procedures. Dental infections may activate malignant transformation in most of the tissues related to the mouth and other organs. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are considered as top oral health diseases in the world. This study focuses on the molecular docking of target protein with FDA approved drugs for the identification of potent inhibitor. Therefore, we used different computational approaches to target protein structures of Interleukin-1 receptor, type1 (IL1R1). The ligands and bio-ceramic chemical compounds are docked against the IL1R1 protein and the results indicate a better affinity for specific compounds. Moreover, the interaction analysis is also carried out on the best-docked compounds with target protein which can be helpful for the identification of a lead compound that can treat dental infections effectively.
Hepatitis B infection (HBV) is known as the primary driver of hepatitis B. Such an infection can assault and damage the entire of the liver cells. The huge issue with the hepatitis B infection is the vast majority with its contamination have no manifestations, particularly when they are either as of late tainted or their contaminated is constant. In the current study, the level of some boundaries (GPT, GOT, ALP, bilirubin and CRP) were estimating for patients with constant hepatitis B. Sixty examples were taken in the investigation with age of 27.35±7.61year. In chronic patients, the levels of GPT, GOT, ALP, bilirubin and CRP were 25, 30, 30 and 30% with significant different with those of controls (15, 10, 10 and 10%). There was critical contrast in GPT and GOT, but as no high distinction in bilirubin and CRP. The current examination suggests that a need to check a wide range of viral hepatitis B to ensure the contamination stage, particularly during medical procedures and pregnancy.
Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is a recessive bimodal autosomal genetic trait among human populations where some people are taster while other non-tester of PTC. The information of this trait important for genetics, anthropologists, biologists, and maybe to clinicians. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency of PTC in Arab Baghdadi population. A total of 1000 individuals apparently healthy were examined for the trait of tasters and non-tasters using PTC taste strips. Based on the results, of 1000 were tasters 690 (69%) and 310 (31%) non-tasters and who carry the homozygotes recessive (tt) which represented as q and dominants homozygote was represented as p in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, and the allele frequency of q (t) was 0.556 and p (T) was 0.444and according to Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, the heterozygotes are represented by the 2pq were (0.494) and the number of heterozygotes individuals were calculated 494.
This experimental designed to investigate the distribution of Cryptosporidium in domesticated birds in Diwaniya Province. For this purpose, the fecal samples were randomly collected from chickens, turkeys and wild ducks ( Ansa platyrhynchos) in different regions (rural and urban). The nested PCR technique was used to amplify an 830 bp 18S rDNA and a 1020 pb gp60 gene fragments. The results showed 31/160 (19.4%) of sample as positive for Cryptosporidium . In detail, Cryptosporidium was detecte in 26.6% (8/30) of turkeys, 17% (17/100) of domestic chicken and 23.3% (7/30) of wild ducks. The result of the nested PCR revealed C. meleagridis in 50% of domestic chicken, 27%Turkey and 19% of wild duck. The results indicate that C. meleagridis has widely distribution in domesticated bird, turkeys and wild ducks that play an important role as a natural source of cryptosporidia.
This study investigated the role of bacteria in breast infection that causes mastitis and their resistance to antibiotics. The study included two parts, the first part is diagnosis of bacterial isolates according to approved diagnostic systems, and the second part is to determine the resistance and sensitivity of the antibiotic. A total of 50 clinical samples were collected from women with abnormal secretions of the nipple. The study showed 38 samples contained bacterial infection, while twelve samples did not contain bacterial growth. The types of bacteria that were diagnosed during this study were Staphylococcus aureus (39.5%), S. pyogenes (26.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%) and Escherichia coli (13.1%). The study also examined the sensitive test by testing disk diffusion depending on types of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus isolates was found resistant to all penicillin group except Augmentin, and showed resistance to most of the cephalosporin group except for cefdinir and cefepime. Also, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, and tetracycline resistance was found in all of the isolates. Streptococcus pyogenes was found resistant to all penicillin group, and also showed resistance to most of the cephalosporin group except cefepime. Also, all of the isolates shown to be resistant to nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, trimethoprim with sulfonamide, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. Klebsiella pneumoniae was found resistant to all penicillin group except for Augmentin and also showed resistance to most of the cephalosporin group except for cefepime. Also, all diagnosed isolates were resistant to rifampicin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim with sulfonamide, and azithromycin. Escherichia coli was found resistant to all penicillin group and also showed resistance to most of the cephalosporin group except for cefepime. All diagnosed isolates were resistant to rifampicin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim with sulfonamide, amikacin and azithromycin.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative, considered as the most common opportunistic pathogens which lead to high rate of mortality and morbidity when subject suffered from compromised immune systems. This study was aimed to estimate the lasI and lasR genes expression of P. aeruginosa isolated from children with nephrotic syndrome. Nineteen isolates from urine samples of children with nephropathy syndrome are included in this study and confirmed by VITEK test as a P. aeruginosa strains. The result showed that the LasI and LasR genes showed a high level of gene expression in strains that grown with ceftriaxone than the strains that grown alone, but the gene Las I had a higher level of expression than the Las R gene, also a regression analysis were done to reveal the effect of Las I on the Las R gene which showed a positive effect which mean any increment in the gene expression level of Las I gene will combined with an increment in the Las R gene, (R= 0.899 and P= 0.001).
