53 Introduction Oral dyskinesia is a condition in which oral organs exhibit involuntary movements. It is most commonly observed as tardive dyskinesia in patients taking certain neuroleptic drugs. It is also observed in edentulous patients not receiving these medications, which is sometimes termed as edentulous dyskinesia [1,2]. Unlike oral dyskinesia in tardive dyskinesia, edentulous dyskinesia is caused by ill-fitting dentures, malocclusion, and a lack of sensory contact, although the mechanism remains ill defined. However, it was reported that edentulous patients exhibit increased severity of oral dyskinesia when experiencing tardive dyskinesia [3]. Thus, oral sensation plays an important role in the occurrence or deterioration of oral dyskinesia, but the mechanism and oral factors have not yet been elucidated. Role of Oral Sensory and Serotonergic Neurons in Dopamine-induced Tongue Movement in Rat
69 Introduction Significant bone loss due to periodontal disease, tumors or cysts requires the alveolar bone reconstruction. Block-shaped bone substitute materials have been used clinically to fill large bone defects [1, 2]; however, their low shapeability leads to low operability. To improve their operability, paste-like bone filling agents (bone pastes) are anticipated to be developed as bone graft materials. Calcium phosphate bone paste has been already applied for clinical use [3, 4]; however, bone paste is non-absorbable and Bone Induction by α-tricalcium Phosphate Microparticle Emulsion Containing Simvastatin
