This mixed-method study explores how employees define and experience quiet quitting. Study 1 analyzes over 44,000 Twitter posts, revealing divergent public sentiments that frame the phenomenon as both a productivity concern and a legitimate act of boundary-setting. Study 2 draws on structured interviews with 17 working adults, identifying quiet quitting as a spectrum ranging from deliberate boundary-setting to emotional disengagement and concealed turnover intention, shaped primarily by structural and relational workplace factors. The findings are interpreted across multiple theoretical frameworks, highlighting the phenomenon’s complexity and its consequences for individuals and teams, with implications for organizations reconsidering assumptions about discretionary effort.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly viewed as a strategic resource, yet many organizations struggle to convert AI investments into performance gains. Drawing on the resource-based view, this study examines how AI capability (AIC) influences organizational performance through organizational strategy, structure, and environment. Using survey data from 345 e-organizations and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings show that AIC does not directly improve organizational performance; instead, its effect is fully mediated by these organizational contingencies. The study advances general management theory by demonstrating that AI creates value only when supported by internal organizational alignment. The findings provide practical guidance for managers seeking to translate AI investments into organizational performance.
This paper investigates how the introduction of a digital distribution platform in a service industry, namely, tourism reshapes business relationships within ecosystems undergoing digital transformation. Taking an “interaction approach” as a theoretical lens to understand the development of business relationships in service ecosystems, this research bridges interaction and orchestration theories with relevance for general management on the active management of relationships in different levels of service ecosystems. The paper contributes new empirical evidence to research in the management of business relationships in service ecosystems in the Omani tourism destination sector. Drawing on a qualitative case study research methodology, the research combines semi-structured interviews and a “World Café” research event involving key ecosystem actors, including government entities, airports, hoteliers, destination management companies, small- and medium-sized companies, and technology providers. The findings show that building relational capital, especially trust and cooperation, is central to enabling digital transformation and sustaining collaboration in service ecosystems. A multi-level relationships framework is developed, whereby orchestration emerges at the meso level, connecting institutional priorities, technological resources, and market-facing relationships. Trust, cooperation, stakeholder alignment, and shared vision are not merely contextual conditions; they are orchestration practices through which digital transformation becomes accepted, embedded, and legitimized across the ecosystem. The study uncovers tensions between technological standardization and the human dimensions of relationships, highlighting a need to balance technological efficiency with the organizational management of relational interactions in service ecosystems. The theoretical contributions of the paper focus on determining how interaction and relationships can be managed in service ecosystems through conceptualizing meso-level orchestration as a distributed relational capability that enables digital transformation across ecosystem levels. Managerial implications include the design of trust-building initiatives in relationships, the empowerment of meso-level orchestrator actors, and the adoption of participatory engagement mechanisms to strengthen relationship management and ensure sustainable digital transformation in tourism service ecosystems.
The main objective of this research is to examine the relationship between the corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments of luxury companies and their financial performance. Our research adopts a longitudinal approach and mobilises financial and extra-financial data from a sample of eight luxury companies, collected between 2002 and 2023, and uses panel data fixed-effects regression for the estimations. The results show a negative relationship between CSR and financial performance in both directions. A difference is identified when we differentiate between social and environmental actions. While the impact of the latter on financial performance is negative, some of the social actions have a positive impact. Our findings provide insights into potential actions that can be taken by managers in the luxury sector to achieve better optimisation of financial resources committed to CSR. Thus, our results show that it is in the best interest of luxury companies to focus on certain actions close to their core business in order to benefit from synergies and avoid the risk of strong incongruence that can lead to suspicion in the minds of stakeholders. At a political level, public authorities should leverage the influence and financial power of the luxury sector to promote sustainable development issues within companies. Research into the link between luxury and sustainable development has proliferated in recent years; however, most of it remains rooted in the discipline of marketing.
Purpose: Digital transformation has been highlighted for its significant implications for CSR practices, though mixed results are presented in the literature. This study focuses on the impact of digital transformation on CSR decoupling, which refers to the misalignment between CSR disclosure and actual CSR performance—an issue detrimental to firms in the long run. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, we examine the effect of firms’ digital transformation on CSR decoupling through the lens of corporate governance among Chinese listed manufacturing companies from 2015 to 2020, using two-stage least squares regression (2SLS) based on instrumental variables and Heckman two-stage analysis. Findings: Our results reveal a negative relationship between digital transformation and CSR decoupling. Digital transformation is also found to be positively related to the coverage of information intermediaries and the quality of internal control systems, both of which effectively curb firms’ CSR decoupling behaviors. These factors are verified as mediators in the relationship between digital transformation and CSR decoupling. Originality/value: This study highlights the implications of digital transformation for CSR decoupling in China, where digitalization has gained momentum but CSR misconduct is not uncommon. Our research contributes to the literature on digitalization, CSR decoupling, and corporate governance and provides practical insights for practitioners seeking to mitigate CSR decoupling through digital transformation.
This study presents a dataset derived from a survey examining the effects of family social capital and family governance Practices on the sense of belonging at work among members of family firms in China. Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire administered between July and September 2024, resulting in a valid sample of 454 respondents actively involved in family firms. A snowball sampling approach was employed, with participants encouraged to disseminate the survey link through widely used social media platforms to reach other eligible respondents. The questionnaire was initially developed in English and then translated into Chinese following a rigorous back-translation procedure to ensure conceptual and linguistic accuracy. Harman's single-factor test was conducted to assess and mitigate the risk of common method bias. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. In addition to participants' demographic characteristics, the article reports results from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), providing a valuable empirical foundation for future research on organizational behavior and social capital in the context of family-owned firms in China.
Benefiting from the interactive feature on game streaming platforms, online viewers can have frequent real-time communication with live streamers and continuously watch video game streaming content. To explore online viewers' intention to continuously watch game streaming content, this study draws on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and divides subjective norms into online and offline subjective norms based on the essential impact of live streamers and other viewers. According to the research results via the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), four influencing factors, including attitudes, online subjective norms, offline subjective norms, and perceived control, positively affect online viewers' continuous watching intention and result in their final watching behaviours. Online and offline subjective norms positively affect online viewers' attitudes towards continuous watching, which existing scholars have ignored. To build a healthy game streaming platform, scholars and platform designers need to focus on both platform performance improvement and audience addiction issues. Considering the two sides of continuous watching behaviours, only by finding a balance between them can relevant industries promote the sustainable development of the video game streaming economy.
This study investigates the interplay between temporal and emotional dynamics during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at a public hospital in the Grand Est region of France, and their influence on strategic crisis management. We use the concept of concert time to analyze how temporal structures and temporal work were reconfigured under conditions of extreme urgency and uncertainty. Our qualitative case study is based on interviews with twelve hospital decision-makers and a range of internal and external documents. The findings reveal that in the absence of established routines, emotionally charged real-time coordination became central to collective action. Concert time encouraged a sense of alignment, cohesion, and togetherness among staff, enabling more effective decision-making. In contrast to dominant narratives that frame crisis emotions primarily in terms of fear or anxiety, our study highlights the mobilizing role of shared positive emotions-such as pride, moral purpose, and collective enthusiasm. These emotions served not only to support resilience but also acted as a mechanism for temporal coordination. However, the findings also point to the fragility of emotional alignments, which often dissolve when emotional labor is left unrecognized after the crisis. By examining how time is experienced as a lived phenomenon and how emotions function as organizational forces, this study contributes to emerging literature that foregrounds the constitutive role of emotions in decision making and coordination during crises.
This study explores the crucial role of diversity in top management teams (TMTs), the strategic decision-making units of companies, as a key factor in organizational resilience. This topic has garnered significant attention in both academic and practical fields in recent years. However, there remains a lack of research on the specific mechanisms and pathways through which TMT diversity influences organizational resilience. This study aims to fill this gap by examining disparities within TMTs as a potential obstacle to the information elaboration generated by diversity. Concurrently, it recognizes that TMT diversity can also contribute to the stability and flexibility that characterize resilient organizations in times of crisis. Using multiple regression and Cox survival analyses of large enterprises in Japan, the findings reveal that the information conveyed through TMT diversity facilitates the utilization of a broader range of problem-solving approaches and cognitive frames. However, these benefits are contingent on the level of disparity within the team and are significantly shaped by team interactions.
Motivated by the pressing question of whether audit quality can be safeguarded during systemic crises, this study examines how institutional pressures shape auditors' actions and professional judgments in a developing-country context. Drawing on the audit quality framework, which conceptualizes audit quality through its inputs, processes, and outcomes, the study explores how each dimension was reconfigured during the COVID-19 disruption. Using an interpretivist qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 15 audit partners and managers from the Big Four firms in Ghana. The findings reveal that audit inputs, including auditor competence, ethical judgment, and resource capacity, were stretched by lockdown restrictions and heightened uncertainty. Audit processes, encompassing planning, risk assessment, evidence gathering, and going-concern evaluations, underwent significant adaptation through remote technologies, analytical procedures, and scenario-based testing. Meanwhile, audit outcomes, particularly the tone and content of audit opinions, reflected a more cautious and judgment-driven approach aimed at maintaining legitimacy and public confidence. Institutional theory helps explain how auditors responded to coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures through acquiescence and compromise strategies, balancing conformity with professional innovation to safeguard audit quality. Overall, the study advances understanding of how crises reshape audit work by highlighting the emergence of hybrid audit practices that blend compliance, technology, and professional discretion to preserve the credibility and reliability of financial reporting under systemic uncertainty.
Succession is a challenging issue for family business survival. This article focuses on one aspect of succession in family business by investigating non-family successors who lead family business succession. By selecting family firms in Taiwan as case studies, we investigate the involvement, role, and identity of non-family successors managing family business succession, how they engage with other stakeholders influenced by social/cultural norms, and what factors influence the transition with possible different outcomes. A conceptual model is presented that outlines family succession managed by non-family members.
Research on destructive leadership has largely treated authoritarian leadership as a stable individual difference, rooted in personality traits. We argue instead that authoritarian leadership may take shape over time as leader respond to organizational climates that alter the perceived legitimacy of control. We use a 4-year longitudinal panel from an Eastern European service organization, and we forecast shifts in authoritarian behavior using weighted dynamic feature selection and lagged regression models. Results reveal that deteriorating justice climate and rising perceptions of organizational politics consistently predict future increases in leader control, whereas dark traits such as narcissism and Machiavellianism, while theoretically relevant, exhibit weak standalone predictive power. Crucially, narcissism predicts control escalation only under conditions of low voice climate, suggesting a conditional activation effect. By modeling authoritarian drift as a gradual, climate-contingent pattern rather than a static trait profile, this study challenges trait-dominant perspectives and reframes despotism as an emergent response to climate erosion. The findings offer a time-sensitive diagnostic framework for anticipating leadership derailment and inform HR practices aimed at preventing control intensification before it institutionalizes.
Intellectual capital is recognized as one major source of a firm's value in the modern business environment. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on firm value (FV) in Turkish listed firms following IFRS adoption and examines further if competitive advantage mediates this relationship within an emerging market context. Using panel data for 336 firms listed in Borsa Istanbul from 2005 to 2020, this study uses MVAIC to measure IC and panel regression, EGLS, and dynamic GMM to analyse various effects through direct and mediated relationships. Accordingly, human capital efficiency and innovation capital efficiency significantly enhance firm value, while the effects of relational capital on firm value are mixed. CA, assessed with sale growth and employee growth, does not influence firm value directly. However, it provides a significant mediating effect in transforming intellectual capital into market value. Interaction effects reveal that the fiscal impact of IC is more fully realized when implemented via competitive spillovers. This paper has several unique points. First, it integrates the concepts of IC, firm value, and competitive advantage into a single study. Second, it investigates the relationships within the context of an emerging market. Third, this study contributes to the intellectual capital literature by providing new empirical evidence in an emerging market after the adoption of IFRS.
"Creative adaptability" is a new construct that is thought to be a personal protective shield to help followers respond creatively and adaptively to stressful times of crisis. The present study investigates the vital role of servant leadership in this new construct. Moreover, the mediating role of workplace spirituality in the relationship between servant leadership and employees' creative adaptability is examined. A quantitative approach was adopted by collecting surveys from 218 aviation employees in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study findings confirmed that workplace spirituality works as a full mediator for the association between servant leadership and employees' creative adaptability. This research makes a significant contribution to the emerging strategies to help employees adapt effectively to unexpected situations. In addition, to the best of the researchers' knowledge, the current study is considered one of the first to shed light on determinants of creative adaptability as well as the mechanism through which servant leadership has an influence on employees' creative adaptability via the mediating role of workplace spirituality.
As people group themselves by their political ideologies, ideological alignment is likely to occur in workgroups-including boards of directors. While some research highlights positive outcomes from shared group characteristics, homogeneity can also hinder decision-making due to fewer perspectives being considered, limited sharing of non-conforming information, and narrowed problem solving. Building from prior research, we contend that substantial political alignment between a CEO and board members aligns them toward a common cognition, which fosters negative effects associated with homogeneity and subsequently reduces firm performance. We further contend that these performance reductions can be mitigated by psychological traits associated with managerial discretion. An analysis using surveys from CEOs and political donation data finds support for the hypothesized negative effects from political alignment, and also finds that performance declines from political alignment are mitigated when CEOs have a more internal locus of control. We discuss implications from these findings.
This study aims to understand the influence of critical success factors (CSFs) on coopetition and innovation performance. Using Modified Total Interpretive Structural Modelling technique (M-TISM) and MICMAC (Matriced’ Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement) analysis, this study establishes the relationships between various CSFs. M-TISM is used to develop a hierarchical model, and MICMAC analysis is used to study the driver-dependence relationship. Based on the extant literature, seven CSFs are identified as key drivers of coopetition and innovation performance. A five-level hierarchical model illustrates the interlinkages between CSFs and their impact on coopetition. Furthermore, MICMAC analysis categorises CSFs into independent, linkage, and dependent factors. The study offers a structured approach to understanding how firms can optimise coopetition for better innovation outcomes. This study provides insights for practitioners to refine coopetition strategies and enhance innovation-driven performance in highly competitive industries. The study contributes to understanding innovation, performance measurement, coopetition, and modelling literature. This study provides a multi-level hierarchical framework highlighting how firms can strategically leverage CSFs for coopetition and attaining better innovation performance.
This study examines the extent to which farms engage in earnings management to improve their access to finance and the effectiveness of this strategy. Like many small and medium-sized enterprises, farms rely heavily on bank loans for their development. However, little is known about their ability to manipulate their earnings in order to increase their chances of obtaining a loan. The detection and measurement of earnings management is based on two accrual accounting models commonly referenced in the literature: the Modified Jones model and the Performance Matching model. Data are collected from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), which is representative of French professional farms over the period 2000-2023. Two panel data models are estimated to explain the effect of earnings management on farm access to credit: one with logit models and the other with generalized method of moments models. The results show that farms significantly increase their earnings in the year before borrowing money, enabling them to enhance their borrowing capacity while reducing borrowing costs. These findings call into question creditors' ability to fully account for earnings manipulation when lending to small companies. The discussion contributes to the growing body of research on the relationship between earnings management and access to credit for farms and small firms.
While the crossover of psychological states and experiences has been widely studied between partners and colleagues, crossover within the leader-follower relationship seems to be little investigated. Considering the great importance of leaders' role in shaping followers' experience at work and the advancement in Crossover theory, this review explores the studies drawing upon the crossover to explain the influence of leaders on followers. A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 267 articles were retrieved from three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO PsychINFO), 35 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Crossover was investigated both considering negative and positive constructs. The indirect process is the most used to explain how crossover occurs, using mediators and moderators about leaders' leadership styles, characteristics, behaviors, and quality of relationship. The review also reveals a not-so-low number of studies on crossover from followers to leader. Studies on followership and transfer from followers to leaders represent a gap to be bridged. More recent studies are in line with the advancement of Conservation of Resources theory, in which crossover acts as a mechanism able to explain more deeply how transference can occur.
Risk-taking reflects companies' risk appetite in investment and financial decision-making, playing a crucial role in firm performance and survival within competitive environments. However, economic policy uncertainty may induce companies to adopt more conservative strategies, thereby impeding their growth. This study analyzes the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the level of risk-taking by Russian manufacturing companies. The study was conducted using data from 1703 Russian companies for the period 2014-2024. To estimate the effect, panel data regression analysis with fixed effects is employed. The results confirm that economic policy uncertainty leads to a decrease in risk-taking and, consequently, underinvestment by companies. Moreover, the effect is stronger for companies with state ownership and for those with male CEOs. Furthermore, the analysis reveals no substantial difference in the effect of economic policy uncertainty on risk-taking behavior between large firms and small and medium enterprises. This study is the first to examine the impact of economic policy uncertainty on risk-taking by Russian companies, accounting for differences in company size, ownership type, and CEO gender.
The purpose of this study is to challenge the prevailing assumption that submissiveness arises solely from undermining leadership. Specifically, it examines how employee submissive behaviour results from supportive leadership as well. Drawing on the relational model of authority, we hypothesize that perceived supervisor support (PSS) positively influences submissive behaviour, with organizational pride mediating this relationship. Additionally, we propose that proactive personality weakens the direct relationship between PSS and submissiveness. Using a multisource sample of 558 employees and their supervisors, the findings generally support our predictions. The results suggest that PSS may encourage submissiveness, particularly for employees low in proactive personality.
