This methodological, cross-sectional psychometric validation study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Short Form (ECR-S) into Thai for parent self-assessment of parent-child attachment, resulting in the Thai-ECR-SP, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The study was conducted in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, including expert review and pretesting, followed by psychometric testing among 299 parents of children aged 3–13 years. Most participants were female, and parent age ranged from 23 to 58 years. Content validity was assessed using the item-objective congruence index. Factorial validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. The findings supported the content validity and factorial validity of the scale, along with satisfactory internal consistency. The revised two-factor structure representing attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety was supported, resulting in a final 9-item version. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .86. The Avoidance subscale, consisting of four items, yielded an alpha of .78, while the Anxiety subscale, consisting of five items, yielded an alpha of .76. These findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and factorial validity of the Thai-ECR-SP as a brief tool for assessing parent-child attachment within the Thai cultural context.
This study assessed perceived SRH social norms, SRH knowledge, and associated factors among adolescent students in monastic schools in Myanmar. Data were drawn from the 2016 baseline survey of the Integrated Multi-Sectoral Approach (IMSA) project, involving 870 students aged 11–18 years from eight monastic schools in Magway Region. Perceived descriptive and injunctive SRH social norms were measured and analyzed using ANOVA and multiple linear regression. The mean perceived social norms score was 33.9 (SD = 5.3; range: 17–50), with lower scores indicating more favorable perceived social norms. Good knowledge of puberty was reported by 56.2% of students. Higher education (β = -1.49, p < .01) and receiving SRH education from peer educators (β = -1.71, p < .01) were significantly associated with more favorable perceived social norms. Better SRH knowledge was associated with more favorable perceived social norms, although the association was not statistically significant (β = -0.315, p = .386). Strengthening comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) by addressing unfavorable social norms and improving access to accurate, age-appropriate SRH information through trained teachers and peer educators may promote more favorable SRH-related social norms among adolescents. Future research should evaluate the long-term effects of CSE interventions on social norms.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were established to eradicate poverty, achieve food security, promote sustainable agriculture, and develop resilient communities, making sustainable livelihoods a global priority. As a key livelihood sector, agriculture plays a central role in advancing these goals, particularly for vulnerable populations in the Global South. While agricultural sustainability has been widely studied through various lenses, there is growing interest in using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) to explore the complex interplay among social, economic, and environmental factors shaping rural livelihoods. This study contributes to the literature through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis that maps the evolution of agricultural research within the SLF. Drawing on 1,977 documents indexed in the Scopus database (1960–2023), it employs performance analysis to identify influential authors, institutions, countries, and journals. It further applies scientific mapping to trace thematic shifts and collaboration networks. The thematic analysis reveals that clusters such as livelihood–resilience–sustainability occupy a central position, indicating their role as the primary drivers of contemporary sustainable livelihood scholarship. In contrast, themes such as climate change, adaptation, vulnerability, sustainable livelihoods, and livelihood assets, particularly in lower-income contexts like Ghana, appear as basic yet underdeveloped, signaling critical research gaps. By identifying these uneven thematic trajectories, the study offers new theoretical insights into how the SLF has been operationalized in agricultural research and provides evidence-based guidance for policymakers and researchers seeking to strengthen livelihood resilience and sustainability in vulnerable agrarian contexts.
This study investigates maternal behavioral adaptation toward childhood immunization within the sociocultural context of Southernmost Thailand, evaluating how individual capacities and contextual correlates influence vaccination completion. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,200 mothers of children aged five years or older in Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat. Using a three-stage, stratified, multi-stage random sampling technique, geographic and demographic representativeness was ensured. Data were collected via structured interviews using a validated instrument (IOC ≥ 0.60), and binary logistic regression was employed to identify significant predictors of immunization adherence. Results indicated a childhood vaccination completion rate of 63.7%. Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal adaptation was strongly driven by socio-economic stability and modern health literacy. Mothers with stable socio-demographic profiles, particularly government officials (OR = 7.98; 95% CI [2.67, 23.81]) and business owners (OR = 6.74; 95% CI [2.54, 17.87]), had significantly higher odds of completing. High service satisfaction (OR = 4.39; 95% CI [3.09, 6.23]) and maternal COVID-19 vaccination history (OR = 3.28; 95% CI [1.53, 4.22]) emerged as robust positive predictors. Conversely, specific contextual determinants, including paternal decision-making authority and vaccine safety anxiety, significantly hindered adherence, reflecting the enduring influence of traditional patriarchal structures. The persistent disparity in Southernmost Thailand is driven by a complex interplay between modern enablers and traditional constraints. Strictly medical or economic approaches are insufficient to address this variation in uptake, as barriers are deeply rooted in the region’s unique sociocultural and structural scaffolding. Future public health interventions should prioritize precision public health and improvements in service design while addressing patriarchal influences and linguistic gaps to bridge the existing coverage deficit.
The COVID-19 pandemic intensified vulnerabilities among families raising young children, particularly those exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Evidence remains limited on how family well-being, resilience orientations, and coping interact under sustained structural constraint in middle-income contexts. This mixed-methods study examined family well-being, family hardiness, and family coping among 212 Thai families raising children aged 0–6 years with ACE scores ≥ 2 in Bangkok, of whom 26.9% had ACE scores ≥ 4. Quantitative analyses used descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation, complemented by qualitative interviews. Overall family well-being was moderate (M = 3.38), with stronger relational and value-based domains but weaker economic conditions. Families demonstrated high family hardiness (M = 42.32), particularly in cohesion and commitment, alongside limited perceived control. Family well-being was strongly associated with family hardiness (r = .64) and moderately associated with family coping (r = .46). Qualitative findings highlighted self-reliance and emotional endurance amid economic insecurity. These findings suggest that families sustain relational well-being through internal resilience orientations despite structural constraints. Family hardiness serves as a foundational resource, while coping operates within bounded conditions, underscoring the need for policies that address material vulnerability, including income security and accessible childcare support, particularly among single-parent and skipped-generation households.
Employing a qualitative design, this study investigates how indigenous Manipuri older adults in Bangladesh access and use digital health services to manage their health needs. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 older members of the Manipuri community and four key informants, including retired teachers and a religious leader. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure relevance and depth of insight. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns related to digital health engagement. The findings indicate that most participants had limited awareness and understanding of digital health platforms and services. Older adults often relied on younger family members to schedule medical appointments and access online consultations, including telemedicine services provided from India. Educational background, age, religious beliefs, language proficiency, and technological skills influence their access to and engagement with digital health resources. Many participants preferred health programs broadcast on Indian Manipuri television channels as these aligned with their language and cultural identity. The study highlights the importance of incorporating indigenous perspectives, linguistic needs, and cultural contexts into digital health strategies to improve access to and adoption of e-health services among marginalized populations in Bangladesh.
This study examines the bodily practices of Lao female sex workers in a Thai border town, focusing on how these practices are shaped by subjectivity and negotiated within a context of transnational mobility and legal ambiguity. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study draws on in-depth and narrative interviews, as well as participant observation, with 20 Lao women. Findings show that bodily practices—such as cosmetic surgery, skin whitening, and emotional labor—are strategies of negotiation and identity-making within the ambiguities of borderland sex work. By foregrounding the body as a site of negotiation and agency, this study contributes to scholarship on migration and gender studies by illustrating how bodily practices serve as proactive tools for self-fashioning and agency within the complexities of borderland sex work.
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia, particularly amid increasing reports of unprotected premarital sex. In 2022, adolescents accounted for approximately 50% of new HIV cases, underscoring the need for improved protection and education. This study aimed to examine trends in condom use among Indonesian adolescents from 2007 to 2017 and identify factors associated with protected sexual behavior. Data were drawn from three waves of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) conducted in 2007, 2012, and 2017 using a two-stage stratified sampling design. Analyses included descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. The proportion of adolescents reporting protected sex increased from 11.8% in 2007 to 20.6% in 2012, followed by a slight decline to 18.1% in 2017. HIV stigma was associated with a lower likelihood of condom use in 2017 (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.57, 0.97]). Male adolescents had higher odds of condom use across survey years, as did adolescents residing in urban areas. Adolescents aged 18–24 and those with higher education showed increased odds of condom use in 2017. Exposure to condom-related information on television was consistently associated with higher odds of protected sex. In contrast, adolescents reporting sexual activity with non–sex workers had a lower likelihood of condom use in 2017 (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.13, 0.70]). Although condom use has improved over time, its overall prevalence remains low. Strengthening comprehensive sexuality education and addressing structural and sociocultural determinants are essential to improve protective sexual behaviors among adolescents.
In Thailand’s hyperconnected society, middle-class Thai Generation Y parents—raised alongside the internet—are now navigating parenting in a digital age where screens are ever-present. This qualitative study examines how Generation Y parents of children aged 3–6 integrate digital technology into their parenting, the fears they associate with its use, and the belief systems that shape these perceptions. Based on in-depth interviews with fourteen Bangkok-based parents, the data were thematically analyzed to uncover key patterns. The findings reveal that digital technology serves multiple roles in daily parenting: as a caregiver, a pacifier, an educator, and a surveillance tool. Parents expressed seven core fears, including exposure to harmful content, emotional disturbance, developmental delays, pseudo-autism, attention deficits, vision problems, and poor socialization. These fears reflect a hybrid belief system shaped by Western medical knowledge, Buddhist morals, Eastern family norms, and parental intuition. Thus, daily parents of this generation act like negotiators and protectors, balancing institutional guidance and personal judgment. In conclusion, the study moves beyond binary views of techno-optimism and techno-fear, revealing how culturally embedded belief systems shape digital parenting. These insights offer a valuable foundation for reflecting on digital parenting frameworks that are more nuanced and that recognize the various layers that respond to local realities.
Studies on South Korea’s population have primarily relied on aggregate data or focused exclusively on urban areas. However, rural population dynamics differ significantly from national trends, making it challenging to apply national population projections directly to rural and agricultural populations. This study estimates the in-migration and out-migration rates of rural areas using municipality-level statistical data from 2012 to 2022 and forecasts regional net migration rates. The population is categorized by gender and age group, and in-migration and out-migration rates are estimated for each cohort. Given that regional migration rates are non-negative, the Tobit model is employed for the estimation. The analysis reveals heterogeneity in migration behaviors across different demographic groups. In particular, young adults in their twenties exhibit the highest out-migration rates, mainly due to limited access to higher education and employment opportunities in rural areas. In contrast, for individuals in their thirties and early forties, the availability of childcare and family-supportive environments plays a significant role in migration decisions. These findings highlight the need for differentiated policy strategies tailored to the specific needs of each age group. This study enhances understanding of rural population dynamics and provides evidence to inform the formulation of regional revitalization policies.
In Thailand, smoking cessation treatment primarily relies on counseling. Identifying patients at risk of treatment failure early could help healthcare providers tailor more effective interventions. This study aimed to develop a clinical prediction model to assess the risk of failure in non-pharmacological smoking cessation therapy. Retrospective cohort data were collected from medical records at the Rangsit FahSai Clinic, Rangsit University, between June 18, 2014, and November 16, 2023. The primary outcome was treatment failure at six months post-treatment. Stepwise backward logistic regression was used to develop the model. Discriminative performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, while calibration was evaluated with calibration plots and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. A total of 316 participants were included, with an 81.3% treatment failure rate. Clinical prediction factors included stage of change, severity of nicotine dependence, gender, having a spouse/partners/children, and health issues. The model showed acceptable discrimination (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI [0.69, 0.82]) and accurate predictions, as indicated by the calibration plot and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (p = 0.479). Patients scoring 5.5 or higher on the 11-point prediction model should be considered for pharmacological interventions to improve cessation outcomes.
With global aging and rising multimorbidity, China’s large older population strains its healthcare system. This study analyzes age‑specific patterns and dual economic burden (medical and out‑of‑pocket expenses) of common dyadic chronic disease combinations among older inpatients in Inner Mongolia. Using multistage random sampling, we analyzed data from six hospitals (four secondary, two tertiary) in 2022. Patients aged ≥50 years with a diagnosis of a chronic disease were included. The ten most frequent dyadic combinations were extracted from the first five diagnoses. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA were used (p < .05). Among 106,202 older inpatients, 73.8% had multimorbidity, and 27.7% presented dyadic combinations. The ten most common combinations (n = 5,190) showed age-clustering (p < .001). Hypertension appeared in six of the top ten patterns, highlighting its pivotal role. “Hypertension + Joint arthrosis” was the costliest, with mean expenses 3.0 and 3.2 times the overall averages for medical and out-of-pocket expenses. Three distinct cost patterns emerged: increasing, declining in the oldest‑old, and stable. High-cost combinations showed financial-risk heterogeneity, especially for cancer patients aged ≥ 80 years. Dyadic combinations are pivotal in multimorbidity progression, and age interacts with disease patterns to shape economic burden. Therefore, tiered, age‑specific interventions are essential to mitigate risk and optimize resource use.
The transfer of Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospitals to the Provincial Administrative Organization aims to improve primary care but faces management and workforce challenges, particularly in core competencies. This study assessed core competencies among staff of SHPHs transferred to the Phitsanulok PAO, identified related factors and challenges, and proposed policy recommendations. A mixed-method approach was conducted across 47 decentralized SHPHs, including qualitative interviews with 16 executives and staff and a quantitative survey (n = 141). Results showed high competency levels across all eight domains, with mean scores (M) ranging from 3.82 to 4.06 and standard deviations (SD) ranging from 0.609 to 0.764 on a 5-point scale. Personal factors, including job position, age, and work experience, were significantly associated with specific domains. Organizational factors, such as workforce development support, participation support, internal communication, resource management, and PAO support, were positively and significantly correlated with all domains. Predictive analysis indicated that these factors (β = 0.034–0.123) significantly enhanced competencies, with participation support identified as the most significant predictor, followed by internal communication. This suggests that policy-makers should prioritize inclusive governance and effective communication to enhance workforce readiness. Qualitative findings highlighted challenges of limited access, staff shortages, and outdated systems, whereas enablers included community engagement, leadership, integrated data, and professional development. While high competencies reflect strong workforce resilience, overcoming the resilience–infrastructure paradox through systemic and technological upgrades is essential for sustainable decentralized health management.
This study aims to examine current contextual and spatial changes in Thailand’s southern border provinces, assess residents’ quality of life amid persistent security challenges, analyze security-related environmental factors that influence everyday life, and develop a sustainable sufficiency-economy model grounded in community identity within security-challenged contexts. This study employed a mixed-methods design that integrated qualitative and quantitative approaches. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 representatives from government agencies and a focus group with 30 community leaders. Semi-structured interview guides and focus group protocols were employed, and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. For the quantitative component, surveys were administered to 384 residents in the southern border provinces, and the data were analyzed using frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Findings revealed three significant contextual challenges: ongoing unrest and security issues; the spread of drug abuse; and the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects and Malaysia’s rapid development. Regarding quality of life, concerns emerged in four areas: rising chronic conditions such as office syndrome, increased cases of depression and anxiety, persistent economic hardship and unemployment, and heightened feelings of insecurity in daily life. Survey results confirmed that the environmental dimension of quality of life scored lowest, particularly with respect to financial sufficiency for basic needs. Despite these challenges, the findings indicate that substantial social and cultural capital remains in the region, reflected in high evaluations of several security-environment dimensions, except for the economic dimension. Based on these findings, the proposed model for a sustainable sufficiency economy consists of six mechanisms: network building, participatory research, knowledge-based learning, communication for change, behavioral incentives, and community-based development through integrated collaboration. The study highlights how community identity and the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy can be mobilized to enhance quality of life, strengthen security, and promote sustainable development in security-challenged border areas.
This paper examines the evolution and enforcement of the ‘foreigner’ category in Assam, India, focusing on how the National Register of Citizens (NRC) has produced exclusionary citizenship and statelessness. It asks how and why the notion of the ‘foreigner’ has taken shape in Assam, and what sustains its persistence in contemporary state practice. The study shows that citizenship in Assam is determined less by legal rights than by descent, ethnicity, and documentary proof, resulting in the disproportionate exclusion of linguistic, religious, and gender minorities. Drawing on documentary analysis and ethnographically inspired fieldwork that foregrounds lived experiences, the paper traces how colonial, Partition, and post-Partition anxieties have crystallized into a regime of suspicion and surveillance. It demonstrates that bureaucratic discretion, legal ambiguity, and inconsistent NRC procedures have institutionalized widespread legal limbo and arbitrary exclusion, producing deep social and psychological harm. Assam’s experience illustrates how securitized citizenship regimes erode the “right to have rights” and signal broader patterns of democratic erosion in India and South Asia.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy reflects a mother’s confidence in her ability to breastfeed successfully, particularly during the early postpartum period. This study aimed to determine factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy among postpartum mothers. This study used an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 105 mothers, 3–4 days postpartum, participated in this study. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression to identify the dominant factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy. The results showed that parity (p = .028), previous breastfeeding experience (p = .026), and husband’s support (p < .001) were significantly associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Employment status (p = .452), education level (p = 1.000), and health worker support (p = .062) were not significantly associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Husband’s support was the strongest predictor of early postpartum breastfeeding self-efficacy (OR = 27.715). Breastfeeding self-efficacy among postpartum mothers is influenced by parity, breastfeeding experience, and husband’s support, where husband’s support is the most dominant factor. Mothers who receive support from their husbands demonstrate higher levels of early breastfeeding self-efficacy. Educational programs that involve husbands, empower new mothers, and increase support from health workers are important steps toward improving breastfeeding outcomes.
This study investigates how migration, diverse land tenure systems, and interethnic relations shape social dynamics and conflict in the development zone of Indonesia’s new capital, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN). Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with six participants—three Balik migrants and three Javanese migrants—supported by participant observation. Thematic analysis, guided by Creswell’s (2015) framework and strengthened through triangulation across interviews, observations, and documentary sources, ensured analytic rigor. Findings reveal that overlapping statutory and customary land systems create legal ambiguity that fuels interethnic disputes, intra-communal fragmentation, and the erosion of customary authority. The study proposes a typology of land conflicts—vertical (community–state), horizontal (interethnic), and internal (intra-communal)—to capture the multi-layered nature of contestation. The findings emphasize that acknowledging indigenous land rights, strengthening participatory spatial planning, and institutionalizing culturally grounded conflict mediation are essential to achieving inclusive, conflict-sensitive urban transformation in Indonesia’s new capital.
Street-connected children remain marginalized in Indonesia’s cities. This study evaluates effectiveness beyond uptake, focusing on TRC Saribattang, a Pentahelix intervention uniting government, academia, business, civil society, and media in Makassar (2021–2023, including an 18-month pilot). We aim to assess whether the collaborative configuration enables durable protection and socio-economic reintegration. Using a phenomenological design, we conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with adult stakeholders, observed patrols and coordination meetings, and reviewed municipal documents. Data were triangulated and analyzed thematically, guided by Rogers’ diffusion-of-innovation attributes. Findings indicate that the 112 emergency hotline and joint patrols improved “relative advantage” and “observability,” contributing to a decline in street-connected children from 268 (2021) to 87 (2023). However, displacement to peripheral zones and the lack of livelihood support and integrated data systems weakened “compatibility” and heightened “complexity.” We propose a collaborative-diffusion framework combining economic support, digital case dashboards, and neighborhood co-design. While promising, the study is limited by its single-city scope and reliance on adult informants. Future phases should adopt child-safe, participatory methods to enhance inclusivity and empirical depth. Findings offer a transferable lens for collaborative governance and inform policy reforms in the Global South, thereby advancing both theory and practice.
The One Health approach relies on multisectoral collaboration, and its practical implementation requires core competencies. This study aimed to examine the One Health core competencies, investigate associated factors, and analyze predictors of these competencies. This study used a cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach. The participants consisted of 144 workforces. Data were collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression, and content analysis. The results revealed that related factors, including attitudes towards One Health (M = 2.76) and motivation (M = 2.55), were at a high level, while readiness (M = 2.00) and organizational support (M = 2.15) were at moderate levels. The overall level of One Health core competencies was moderate (M = 2.22). Attitudes were not associated with core competencies, whereas motivation, readiness, and organizational support showed positive correlations (p < .001). Regression analysis revealed that readiness and organizational support were significant predictors of core competencies (p < .001; R² = 0.613), accounting for 61.3% of the variance. The findings suggest that enhancing workforce readiness and organizational support is essential for strengthening One Health core competencies.
This study examines how Vietnamese immigrants’ transnational practices shape political integration in Poland, focusing on both latent and manifest forms of political participation. It asks whether political and non-political transnationalism act as complements or substitutes, and how return intentions moderate these relationships. The analysis employs complementarity and substitution perspectives on transnationalism and incorporates Carling and Pettersen’s model of return intentions as a moderating factor in explaining the integration-transnationalism nexus. Quantitative analyses with robustness checks assess the impact of political and non-political transnational practices on political integration, with particular attention to the moderating role of return intentions. Transnational practices significantly influence political integration, though effects vary by participation type. Political transnationalism generally fosters host-country political participation through spillover effects within corresponding domains. By contrast, non-political practices, particularly family visits, may weaken integration by sustaining attachment to the homeland. Return intentions have a limited direct effect but condition these relationships by amplifying some influences and moderating others. By disaggregating political and non-political transnational practices and testing return intentions as a moderator, this study sharpens debates on whether “home” is a distraction or resource for integration, offering new evidence from Central and Eastern Europe.
