Background: Ulcerative colitis is a global health issue with no definitive treatment options available. Mesalazine is one of the first-line therapies available, and Coenzyme Q10 is a cellular component with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cell-healing properties. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of mesalazine and Coenzyme Q10, alone and in combination, and C-reactive protein was assessed as a parameter of acute inflammation. Methods: 48 rats were divided into 6 groups. Ulcerative colitis was experimentally induced in rats and mesalazine and Coenzyme Q10 were given alone and in combination according to the grouping of animals. The kit method measured C-reactive protein levels in serum after 7 days. Results: the group treated with a combination of mesalazine and coenzyme Q10 showed a maximum reduction in C-reactive protein levels with only 12.5% with positive or >6mg/dl levels as compared to 100% with positive or >6mg/dl value in the disease-control group. Conclusion: The study showed that the combination of mesalazine and coenzyme Q10 has synergistic potential in reducing inflammation in ulcerative colitis.
Objectives: To identify predictors of these complications across open and robotic PN using an exploratory multivariable assessment. Methodology: A retrospective comparative cohort study was carried out at the Department of Urology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore, where all adults undergoing open or robotic PN were included in the study from January 2020 to August 2025. Continuous demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables have been analyzed using IBM SPSS v27. Independent predictors of postoperative urine leak and hemorrhage will be evaluated using univariate comparisons and binary logistic regression, taking p < 0.05 as a threshold for significance. Results: A total of 117 patients were analyzed, including 15 (12.8%) robotic and 102 (87.2%) open PN cases. Tumor size was significantly larger in the open group (median 4.75 cm vs. 3.8 cm; p = 0.015), while operative time was longer in robotic PN (165 vs. 120 minutes; p = 0.071). Urine leak occurred in 6.8% of patients (6.7% robotic vs. 6.9% open; p = 0.978), and postoperative hemorrhage in 4.3% (0% robotic vs. 4.9% open; p = 0.381). Median hospital stay was comparable (2 vs. 3 days; p = 0.768). Logistic regression identified no independent predictors of either complication, though longer operative time showed a non-significant trend toward increased risk. Conclusion: Both open and robotic PN had comparable overall rates of postoperative urine leakage and haemorrhage. Therefore, when done on carefully chosen patients, both open and robotic PN can be considered safe.
Objective: This research designed to investigate the frequency and histopathological spectrumof hysterectomy specimens at DDRRL, DUHS, Karachi. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed over 10 months from Janu2023 to October 2023 at DDRRL, DUHS. A total of 259 hysterectomy specimens were included.Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, and specimens were processed forhistopathological examination. Data analysis was achieved by using SPSS version 26, employingdescriptive statistics. Results: Mean age of patients was 40.02 years. The most common age group undergoinghysterectomy was 31-40 years (35.5%). Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral SalpingoOophorectomy (TAH+BSO) was the predominant procedure (75.3%). Most patients had highparity (56.8% with five or more children). The primary clinical indications were abnormaluterine bleeding (AUB) (42.9%) and fibroids (29.7%). Histopathologically, endometrial lesionswere the most frequent (44.4%), followed by cervical (20.5%), myometrial (18.1%), and ovarianlesions (17.0%). Conclusion: Hysterectomy is primarily indicated for AUB and fibroids in the studiedpopulation. Histopathological examination predominantly reveals endometrial pathology. Thefindings emphasize the importance of histopathological evaluation in hysterectomy specimens toensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate postoperative management.
Objective:This study aims to examine the factors influencing patients' choices of physicians, alongside their awareness and attitudes towards Family Physicians (FPs).MethodsIt was a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted between September 2023 and March 2024. Data was collected on participant demographics, awareness of the role of FPs, and choice of physician for different health conditions. Descriptive analysis assessed knowledge and attitudes towards Family Medicine (FM). One-way ANOVA and T-test evaluated the associations between demographic factors and the mean frequency of selecting a FP for various conditions, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 341 participants with a median age of 26 years. Only 184 (54%) respondents knew about the qualifications of a FP, and for most health conditions, the majority preferred to consult other healthcare workers instead of FPs. Participants over 26 years had a significantly higher mean frequency (4.1 ± 2.64) of selecting FPs for health conditions as compared to those below 26 years (3.1 ± 2.42, p=0.000). Among participants who preferred a FP, convenient location and easier appointment scheduling were common factors influencing their choice.Conclusion There was a significant gap in awareness and preference for FPs, with age as an important contributing factor. To increase the utilization of FM services, further initiatives are needed to raise awareness and improve access.
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research was to find out how often preterm births occur following cervical cerclage.Study Design: The study was a Descriptive study.Methodology: The research was done at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar for a period of six months (from 21/12/2020 to 21/6/2021). A total of 101 individuals were chosen for the study, and their BMI using the formula Kg/m2 was recorded along with their age, weight on a weighing scale in a supine position, height on a height scale in a standing posture, parity, gestational age, obstetrical history, and history of current pregnancy. Cervical cerclage under general anesthesia following Macdonald’s techniques was performed and the participants were observed till their delivery to evaluate the determine the frequency of preterm births after cervical cerclage.Results: In the present study among 101 participants, the mean age was 30 ± 8.31 years. The selected 46% of the participants were primipara while 55% participants were multipara, in which 89% delivered at term, while 11% had preterm deliveries. Conclusion:The study concludes that frequency of preterm birth in participants having cervical competence, after cervical cerclage was 11%.Keywords: Preterm delivery, Cervical cerclage.
AbstractObjective: To estimate the prevalence of Polio vaccine hesitancy and to identify associated factors among parents in the remote areas of Garah Tajik and Nahaqi, District Peshawar. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2024 at Emergency Satellite Hospital Nahaqi and Category D Hospital, Garah Tajik, using non-probability convenience sampling. A total of 200 parents of children under five participated in the study. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO SAGE Vaccination Hesitancy Tool, capturing demographic information, attitudes toward polio vaccination, and perceived barriers to vaccination. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 for frequencies and associations. Results: Among the 200 participants, 15 % (30) reported hesitancy toward polio vaccination. Key factors associated with hesitancy included social pressure from local community members (9.5%, n=19), fear of vaccine side effects (8%, n=16), and concerns about the vaccine’s effectiveness (5%, n=10). 68.5% (137) of participants were from low-income households and 56.5% (113) of mothers lacked formal education, underscoring socioeconomic challenges as contributors to vaccine hesitancy. Notably, 70.5% (141) of participants cited support from religious leaders as a positive influence on vaccination decisions. There was significant association between education level of fathers and vaccine hesitancy (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Polio vaccine hesitancy in Garah Tajik and Nahaqi is influenced by a combination of social, cultural, and economic factors. Community support, especially from religious leaders, appears to mitigate hesitancy, highlighting a potential intervention point. Addressing misinformation, improving healthcare access, and engaging local leaders are essential strategies to increase vaccine acceptance and contribute to eradication efforts. Key words: Polio, Vaccine hesitancy, Pakistan
Objective: To determine the fetomaternal outcomes in women presenting with obstructed labour at tertiary care hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex. Methodology: This study included 130 women aged 18 to 40 years with singleton pregnancy at term, who were diagnosed with obstructed labour. Patients having bleeding disorders, medical disorders ( e.g. gestational hypertension and diabetes), and those having period of gestation less than 37 weeks were excluded. Fetomaternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), NICU admission, pyrexia, low APGAR score and uterine rupture were recorded. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 27. Results: The mean age of women was 27.57 ± 6.24 years, with mean gestational age 40.26 ± 1.37 weeks. The majority of the women were from rural areas (62.3%), were illiterate (56.2%), unemployed (70.0%), and from lower socioeconomic class (47.7%). Regarding fetomaternal outcomes, neonatal intensive care unit admission was observed in 27.7% neonates, low Apgar score was observed in 31.5% neonates. Postpartum hemorrhage was noted in 10.0% cases, pyrexia in 12.3%, and uterine rupture in 5.4% cases. Conclusion: Obstructed labour is associated with a significant burden of fetomaternal complications, the present study found that most frequent complications were low APGAR score, NICU admission and PPH, followed by pyrexia and uterine rupture.
Sometimes, the differential diagnosis between clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and translocation carcinoma (tRCC) involving Microphthalmia Transcription Factor (MiT) can be very challenging due to the similarity in the clinical and pathological characteristics. We describe a 48-year-old male patient who was admitted with the complaint of right flank pain and dramatic loss of weigh. The imaging study revealed the presence of large mass lesions in the right kidney with an associated tumor thrombus in the renal vein. The pathological evaluation was suggestive of ccRCC, but some distinctive features were also suggestive of MiT family translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma (tRCC). The delineation between these entities was impossible due to the lack of availability for definitive molecular study. The patient progressed rapidly, including pulmonary and intracranial metastases, even after definitive surgical resection. This report points towards the limitations in the differential evaluation using morphology alone and the dangers in high-grade renal malignancies with uncertain lineage.
Objective: This study evaluates first-year medical students’ perceptions of the foundation module within the Integrated Modular System (IMS) at Gujranwala Medical College. It aims to assess the effectiveness of teaching methodologies by analyzing quantitative scores from closed-ended questions and qualitative insights from open-ended responses. Additionally, it measures the impact of the learning environment on student engagement, and resource availability. Furthermore, key strengths and challenges of the foundation module are identified through content analysis of qualitative feedback and statistical evaluation of quantitative responses. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted over three months in 2024, involving 120 first-year MBBS students. A 61-item questionnaire, adapted from the Student Course Evaluation Questionnaire, was used to assess module content, teaching strategies, engagement, and resource availability. Both closed- and open-ended questions facilitated a comprehensive evaluation. Descriptive statistics were applied, and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Among 120 participants, 101 responses were validated through convenience sampling. The module objectives received positive feedback from 75.9% of respondents, whereas only 41.4% expressed satisfaction with the workload. Module organization received mixed ratings (47.6% positive, 52.4% neutral or dissatisfied). Student engagement was rated favorably by 54.9%, though concerns about content delivery pace (36.3%) and feedback promptness (37.2%) emerged. Practical sessions were well received (69.9%). The questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95). Conclusion: While students showed general warm approval of the IMS foundation module’s objectives and practical aspects, concerns regarding workload, content delivery pace, and feedback promptness indicate areas for improvement.
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting molar pregnancy, using histopathology as the gold standard. Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 01 July 2024 to 01 January 2025. A total of 171 pregnant women in their first trimester presenting with vaginal bleeding were included. All participants underwent pelvic ultrasonography performed by an experienced radiologist with findings recorded based on predefined ultrasonographic criteria for molar pregnancy and confirmed by histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography were calculated. Results: Molar pregnancy was detected on ultrasonography in 151 (88.3%) patients, whereas histopathology confirmed molar pregnancy in 161 (94.2%) cases. The sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting molar pregnancy was 88.20%, specificity was 10%, PPV was 94.04%, and NPV was 5.00%. The overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was 83.63%, with a p-value of 0.863. Conclusion: Ultrasonography demonstrated high sensitivity and PPV for detecting molar pregnancy but had low specificity and NPV. While it remains a valuable initial screening tool, reliance on histopathology for definitive diagnosis is necessary to avoid misclassification. Further regional studies are recommended to refine ultrasonographic criteria and improve diagnostic precision.
Objective: To assess mentors’ baseline competence prior to a mentor training workshop at Wah Medical College and to evaluate changes in overall mentoring proficiency and specific mentor skill domains following the intervention using a self-assessment tool. Methods: Faculties of Wah Medical College were involved in this quasi-experimental study and 35 numbers of faculty involved in mentoring were included. The intervention included two structured workshops separated over eight weeks, with the support of reflective and self – study phases. The Mentor Competency Assessment tool (MCA-21) was used pre and post the intervention. Results: The overall mentoring competence was found to significantly increase (p < 0.01) from statistical analysis. The most significant improvements were made in communication, fostering independence and enhancing professional development itself among the six mentoring domains. The findings from these outcomes confirm the value of structured mentor training in faculty development. Conclusion: Training based on experiential learning, in a structured manner, improves mentoring skill remarkably. To strengthen the quality of mentorship, and ultimately, student outcomes, institutions should be compelled to invest in such faculty development programs.
Objective: To assess PPD prevalence across hospitals in Sindh, Pakistan, and determine its association with various maternal, neonatal, and socioeconomic risk factors. Methodology: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between April and September 2023 at various hospitals in Hyderabad and Karachi. A total of 219 mothers aged 20-40 years with recent singleton births were included in the study. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a structured questionnaire were used to gather data. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version 22) with chi-square tests and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The mean EPDS score among participants was 18.18±5.90, with 66.21% screening positive for PPD. Significant positive correlations were found between PPD and maternal age (r=0.96, p<0.001), BMI (r=0.95, p<0.001), and significant negative correlation with maternal education level (r=-0.93, p<0.001). Factors such as low income, rural residence, extended family structure, cesarean delivery, non-exclusive breastfeeding, multiparity, lack of spousal support, neonatal complications, and previous miscarriages were significantly associated with PPD (p<0.05). Conclusion: PPD is highly prevalent in Sindh and is significantly associated with a multitude of maternal, neonatal, and socioeconomic risk factors such as maternal age, education, income, and multiparity, among others.
Objective: To determine the frequency of HCV in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from May 12, 2023, to November 12, 2023, included 172 patients with CKD stage V on hemodialysis for at least 3 months. Blood samples were tested for HCV antibodies using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and confirmed with HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of CKD, hemodialysis duration, and comorbidities were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Among 172 patients (mean age 45 ± 12.29 years; 53% male), 53 (31%) tested positive for HCV. No significant associations were found between HCV status and age, gender, BMI, CKD duration, hemodialysis duration, diabetes, hypertension, or coronary artery disease (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of HCV in hemodialysis patients at Ayub Teaching Hospital was 31%, highlighting a significant public health burden. Targeted screening and infection control measures are essential.
Objective: This meta-analysis evaluated eradication success and resistance trends across 83 clinical studies (2015–2025) retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, to identify the most effective antibiotic strategies for H. pylori. Methodology: In the current research a systematic literature review was conducted through five electronic databases which included PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and Scopus and Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The research used four specific keywords which were Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic resistance, eradication therapy and treatment efficacy. The search included Boolean operators (AND/OR) and MeSH terms for appropriate applications. The search focused on peer-reviewed articles from January 2015 through January 2025. The search included studies from all languages. The current study was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 standards. Results: The 56 eligible studies in the pooled analysis showed that treatment success rates for eradication depended on the selected treatment plan and bacterial resistance patterns. The combination of clarithromycin with two other medications resulted in a 72% success rate (95% CI: 68–76%; I² = 62%) for patients with less than 15% clarithromycin resistance, compared with 85% success rate (95% CI: 81–89%; I² = 29%) in low-resistance areas. The combination of Bismuth with three other medications produced successful treatment results in all resistance levels with a 90% (95% CI: 87–93%; I² = 41%) eradication rate. The second-line treatment of levofloxacin-based regimens achieved an 80% success rate (95% CI: 76–84%; I² = 55%) and rifabutin-based treatments reached 77% (95% CI: 73–81%; I² = 47%) in cases of treatment failure. The combination of high-dose amoxicillin with a single antibiotic produced a 78% success rate (95% CI: 74–82%; I² = 52%) among patients who had restricted antibiotic use. The results showed that susceptibility-based treatment approaches outperformed standard treatment approaches (88% vs. 76%, p < 0.01; I² = 36%) which supports the need for individualized treatment plans. Conclusion: The results of the study also show that there is a need for region specific treatment guidelines based on antibiotic resistance. It is therefore recommended that in high resistance settings, bismuth quadruple therapy and levofloxacin containing regimens should be used and in low resistance settings, clarithromycin triple therapy should still be used. These findings also show that personalized treatment is important in the management of H. pylori infection and in the control of antibiotic resistance.
Objective: Bone age assessment (BAA) is implemented in various medical fields This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in 2019–2024 regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in bone age assessment (BAA). Methodology: This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) were screened for studies published from 2019–2024. Two reviewers independently selected the studies. The modified Kitchenham-Charters’ checklist was used to critically appraise the studies. Only studies reporting the mean absolute error (MAE) were included in the analysis. Data regarding the study characteristics, subject characteristics, ML technique, model ground truth, and the performance of the studies were extracted. Results: The review included 33 studies, mostly from East Asia. Most studies used in-house datasets consisting of hand radiographs of their respective local population. Convolutional neural networks are the most popular AI algorithm used. Most studies used radiologist-annotated BA as ground truth rather than the chronological age. The meta-analysis revealed a weighted MAE of 7.54 months, an improvement compared to the previous study. Conclusion: AI and ML models continue to demonstrate rapid advancements in their application for BAA. This study described the current trends in ML research and explored ongoing obstacles in BAA, as well as the prospective role of AI. While promising, further research is still required to address current limitations, such as validity issues. Subsequent studies should also be conducted with rigorous methodology and thorough reporting.
Objective: To share the authors' clinical experience with lead displacement in permanent pacemakers, identify the potential causes of this issue, and explore how these causes can be avoided to improve patient outcomes. Methodology: For all those patients who presented with a displacement of lead, a detailed history was obtained, and their permanent pacemaker's implantation procedure record was re-examined for the possible causes of lead displacement. The site of the device was explored, and the lead's integrity was checked and readjusted. If the adjustment was not possible, then the lead was extracted, and the screwing system of the lead was examined outside the patient's body, and the new lead was implanted. All the data so collected was analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 1670 procedures were retrospectively analyzed critically. There were 47 patients with lead displacement. Atrial lead displacement was documented in 10 cases. Ventricular lead was displaced in 37 patients. All patients with ventricular lead displacement had their initial placement of lead at the right ventricle apex. 20 leads were readjusted and 20 were replaced. In 7 cases the old lead was nor extractible neither repositionable. Conclusion: Lead displacement in permanent pacemakers is one of the common complications that can best be minimized by addressing all the responsible factors for lead displacement at the time of implantation.
Objective: To provide important insights into the relative efficacies of these two therapy techniques for controlling foot equines in the context of cerebral palsy patients, the study aims to compare and contrast their distinct outcomes. Method: The effectiveness of the intervention was examined in two separate groups, based on gender and age, using a cross-sectional study methodology. There were thirty volunteers in each group, out of a total of sixty, for the study. The distribution of genders and age groups, as well as the effectiveness of the interventions, was methodically documented. Potential correlations and variations were investigated using statistical analysis, such as chi-square tests and mean computations. Participants were informed about the nature and goal of the intervention, and the study complied with ethical guidelines. Result: There was no discernible difference between groups (A and B) according to the gender distribution analysis (Table 1), suggesting that the proportion of men and women in both groups was pretty balanced. However, there were slight variations in the efficacy assessments for both the male and female categories. There were no statistically significant differences between groups (A & B) in the age distribution (Table 2). Notably, Table 3's overall effectiveness of the intervention showed a significant difference (p = 0.029) between the two groups. Subsequent examination of age-specific efficacy (Table 4) did not show any discernible variations throughout age groups. Conclusion: This study indicates that age does not seem to be a relevant determinant, even though gender may have some bearing on the intervention's efficacy. There were differences in the overall effectiveness of the intervention between groups A and B. These findings highlight the significance of taking age and gender into account when evaluating treatment outcomes and offer insightful information about the complex elements of the intervention's influence across various demographic parameters. Larger sample numbers in future studies could lead to a deeper comprehension of these connections.
Objective: To explore the student perceptions of structured role play as an active learning method during second-year MBBS physiology practical sessions and to obtain preliminary comparative data against traditional demonstration teaching. Methodology: An exploratory repeated measure study was accomplished from September 2024 to February 2025 at Gujranwala Medical College with 94 second-year MBBS students. The Sensory Nervous System module used regular demonstrations, while the Special Senses module employed organized role play. Lastly, the efficacy of role play was assessed using a student perception survey. OSCE checklists were developed in accordance with the curricular goals of the University of Health Sciences. The teaching strategy was hidden from the faculty examiners. SPSS v28 was used to analyze the data. Results: Role play was associated with a significant pre-to-post knowledge gain (+2.84 points, p < 0.001) whereas the traditional module showed a decline (−3.12 points, p < 0.001). OSCE scores were higher after the role-play module (6.57 ± 1.18 vs. 5.43 ± 1.07; p < 0.001). However, differences in content complexity and timing prevent causal attribution of outcomes to teaching method alone. Ninety percent of respondents recommended continuation of role play. Conclusions: Structured role play is feasible and highly acceptable to students in a resource-limited Pakistani medical college and is associated with positive learning experiences and encouraging preliminary outcomes. Ultimate superiority over traditional techniques cannot be claimed from this exploratory study.
Objective: To compare the pre-eclampsia and eclampsia frequency in Primigravida and multigravida women who presented to the labor room of Saidu Teaching Hospitals, Swat. Methodology: The study was a retrospective cross-sectional case study between 1st January 2024 to 31st December 2024 involving 12498 admissions to the labor room by pursuing the convenience sampling method. Pregnant women who had either eclampsia and/or pre-eclampsia and were aged at ³18 years during the time of study in the labor room were the study subjects. The study excluded patients having protein losing enteropathy, conditions of uric acid or disorders of the kidneys such as nephrotic syndrome, diabetes Mellites and liver diseases. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi square test, and odds ratio calculations to compare the prevalence of hypertensive disorders between Primigravida and multigravida women. Results: The frequency of preeclampsia and eclampsia was 3.3% among Primigravida women and 12.8% among multigravida women (p<0.05). Women who had more than one pregnancy were much more likely to get these conditions, especially those over 35 years old. Limited access to antenatal care and increasing maternal age were recognized as significant factors contributing to the elevated prevalence among multigravida women. Conclusion: In this study, multigravida women are substantially more likely to experience hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. The results show that improved prenatal care is necessary to effectively address the increasing burden of these conditions.
Objective: To compare the efficacy of tranexamic acid versus placebo in reducing intraoperative blood loss during myomectomy, assessed by postoperative haemoglobin level. Material & Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in Gynecology & Obstetrics department of department of Nishtar Medical University, Multan from 01-01-2024 to 31-12-2024. Total 90 patients were divided equally into two groups on the basis, they received iinjectable tranexamic acid or placebo. The main outcome was measured by checking postoperative haemoglobin levels to ascertain the intraoperative blood loss irrespective of blood transfusions during surgery. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Post stratification t-test for quantitative data and Chi square test for qualitative variables was applied. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Two study groups were similar in demographic characteristics including the age, parity, BMI and change in perioperative Hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Change in Hb in two groups was 0.2 ± 0.2 vs 4.9 ± 1.2 (p= 0.01). There was significant difference in need of blood transfusion, 11% vs 44% (p=0.04). Conclusion: Tranexamic acid significantly reduces myomectomy-associated blood loss, and need for further blood transfusions.
